Membranes and Membrane Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Effect of the Nature of Counterion on Properties of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes with Long and Short Side Chains","authors":"A. V. Parshina,&nbsp;E. Yu. Safronova,&nbsp;A. S. Yelnikova,&nbsp;N. Stretton,&nbsp;O. V. Bobreshova","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623050062","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623050062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the results of a study of water uptake, ionic conductivity, and Donnan potential in systems with perfluorosulfonic acid membranes in the H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ ionic forms and solutions of inorganic electrolytes. The properties of commercial membranes Aquivion E87-05S and Nafion 212, as well as membranes obtained from dispersions of Nafion 212 in solvents of various nature (<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, mixtures of isopropyl alcohol with water in a volume ratio of 80–20) have been studied. The effect of the number of functional groups, the length of the side chain of polymer macromolecules, and the morphology of the polymer in membranes on their equilibrium and transport properties depending on the nature of the counterion has been determined. The effect of relaxation and electrophoretic factors on the transfer of alkali metal ions through the system of pores and channels of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes is discussed. The slope of the concentration dependences of the Donnan potential for all highly hydrated membranes in the H⁺ form has been found to be close to the Nernstian one, while the selectivity to alkali metal ions increases for membranes with the highest ion exchange capacity or the lowest amount of sorbed water and diffusion permeability due to the exclusion of co-ions from the membrane phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 5","pages":"323 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralization Dialysis of Phenylalanine and Mineral Salt Mixed Solution: Effect of Concentration and Flow Rate of Acid and Alkali Solutions","authors":"M. V. Porozhnyy,&nbsp;V. V. Gil,&nbsp;A. E. Kozmai","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623050086","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623050086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amino acids that are ampholytes can be effectively separated and purified by the method of neutralization dialysis (ND), whose advantage is the ability to control the pH value of the solution without adding reagents. An important task is to optimize the parameters of the ND process to ensure minimal losses of amino acids during their isolation from mixed solutions. An experimental study of the process of demineralization of the phenylalanine and sodium chloride equimolar mixture by the ND method is carried out. It is established that varying the concentration and flow rate of acid and alkali solutions in the corresponding compartments of the dialysis cell allows for regulating the pH value of the solution being desalted and controlling the amount of amino acid losses. Halving the acid concentration (from 0.10 to 0.05 M) allowes reducing the losses of phenylalanine from 18.3 to 16.4%, and using a lower solution flow rate in the acid compartment (0.75 instead of 1.50 cm s^–1) makes it possible to reduce these losses to 14.2%. At the same time, in all experiments, the electrical conductivity of the solution being desalted decreases by 90%, which suggests a high demineralization rate and the effectiveness of the method used to isolate phenylalanine from the mixed solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 5","pages":"313 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Low-Temperature Hydrogen Permeability of Surface Modified Pd–Cu Membranes","authors":"I. S. Petriev,&nbsp;P. D. Pushankina,&nbsp;G. A. Andreev","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623050074","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623050074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pd60%Cu40% alloy membranes are modified with nanostructured coatings to intensify the low-temperature (25–100°С) transport of hydrogen. Classical palladium black and filamentous particles are deposited as surface modifiers by electrodeposition. The experimental data confirm that the deposition of the modifying layer on both surfaces of the Pd60%Cu40% alloy membranes can considerably reduce surface limitations for the process of hydrogen transfer. In the low-temperature hydrogen transport processes, the developed membranes demonstrate high and stable fluxes up to 0.36 mmol s^–1 m^–2 and high hydrogen permeability up to 1.33 × 10^–9 mol s^–1 m^–2 Pa^–0.5. For the Pd60%Cu40% alloy membranes modified with nanofilaments hydrogen permeability is up to 1.3 times higher compared with the membranes modified with classical black and up to 3.9 times compared with the uncoated membranes. The Pd60%Cu40% alloy membranes also exhibit a high level of H₂/N₂ selectivity, up to 3552. The strategy of surface modification of palladium-based membranes can shed new light on the development and manufacture of high-performance and selective membranes for ultrapure hydrogen production units.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 5","pages":"360 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41084976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Production of Sodium Hydroxide by Bipolar Electrodialysis from Sodium Carbonate Solution","authors":"E. N. Nosova,&nbsp;D. M. Musatova,&nbsp;S. S. Melnikov,&nbsp;V. I. Zabolotsky","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623050050","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623050050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the production of sodium hydroxide by the method of bipolar electrodialysis from a solution of sodium carbonate using bipolar membranes MB-3 has been studied. For research, a laboratory electrodialyzer-synthesizer with a three-chamber unit cell has been used. The membrane package of the electrodialyzer has contained five elementary cells, the active area of each membrane being 1 dm². To compare the obtained mass transfer characteristics, the process of preparation of sodium hydroxide from sodium sulfate has been additionally studied. It has been shown that the use of sodium carbonate as the initial solution makes it possible to increase the concentration of the resulting alkali from 0.92 to 1.7 M under comparable process conditions compared to the preparation of sodium hydroxide from a sodium sulfate solution. When sodium carbonate is used, the alkali current efficiency is more than 70% in all experiments, while when alkali is obtained from a sodium sulfate solution, the current efficiency drops sharply to 0.4–0.5% when the concentration exceeds 0.8 M NaOH. The energy consumption for the transfer of one kg of alkali is in the range of 2.8–13.9 kWh/kg at operating current densities of 1–3 A/dm².</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 5","pages":"303 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41085057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Hybrid Membrane Based on Poly(m-phenylene-iso-phthalamide) for Pervaporation of Methanol/n-Heptane Azeotropic Mixture","authors":"A. Yu. Pulyalina,&nbsp;I. I. Faykov,&nbsp;A. S. Sorokina,&nbsp;N. S. Tian,&nbsp;I. S. Kuryndin,&nbsp;G. A. Polotskaya","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The object of this work is a new hybrid membrane based on poly(<i>m</i>-phenylene-<i>iso</i>-phthalamide) (PA) modified with a complex filler consisting of equal amounts of heteroarm star-shaped macromolecules (HSMs) and [BMIM⁺Tf₂N^–] ionic liquid (IL). Comparative studies of the structures have been carried out on samples of membranes made of pristine PA and hybrid PA/HSM and PA/(HSM:IL) containing 5 wt % additives. Methods of AFM, X-ray powder diffraction, measurement of density, and contact angles have been used. The transport properties of membranes have been studied in separation of a methanol/<i>n</i>-heptane mixture by the pervaporation method. The actuality of this problem is associated with the process of oil refining. In pervaporation of an azeotropic methanol/<i>n</i>-heptane mixture, the hybrid PA/(HSM:IL) membrane has demonstrated higher performance and separation factor relative to reference membranes. Mechanical tests of the membranes have revealed a high level of properties important for operation (strength and relative elongation) of the hybrid membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"227 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S2517751623040054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4237839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Temperature Ion-Plasma Pretreatment of Fibrous Systems during Preparation of Composite Heterogeneous Membranes","authors":"D. V. Terin,&nbsp;M. M. Kardash,&nbsp;T. A. Turaev,&nbsp;D. V. Ainetdinov","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040066","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An original method of obtaining cation exchange composite heterogeneous membranes involving the low-temperature ion-plasma pretreatment of fibrous systems is proposed. The membranes are obtained by the polycondensation filling of polymer composites via the synthesis and hardening of a strongly acidic sulfo cation exchanger on the surface and in the structure of a novolac phenol-formaldehyde fibrous system. The effect of low-temperature ion-plasma pretreatment on a change in the hydrophilicity, capillarity, and structure of heterogeneous cation exchange composite materials Polykon is investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"257 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S2517751623040066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4237837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lactose on the Transport Properties of Ion-Exchange Membranes","authors":"N. V. Loza,&nbsp;N. A. Kutenko,&nbsp;M. A. Brovkina,&nbsp;A. A. Samkov,&nbsp;M. N. Kruglova","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040042","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of lactose on the main transport characteristics of ion-exchange membranes including surface-modified with polyaniline cation-exchange membranes is studied. A pronounced to different extents positive effect of modification of MK-40 and Ralex CMHPES membranes with polyaniline on their biofouling by <i>Bacillus</i> sp. or <i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> MR-1 cell cultures is found which is due to the different conductive surface areas of these membranes. It is revealed that the presence of lactose in a solution leads to a decrease in the electrical conductivity of all the studied membranes; however, the effect the most substantially manifests itself for a modified with polyaniline MK-40 membrane: its electrical conductivity decreases by 15–25%. The diffusion permeability of the anion-exchange and initial cation-exchange membranes weakly depends on the presence of lactose in a solution; however, its 2–2.5-fold decrease is observed in the case of modified with polyaniline cation-exchange membranes. A significant effect of lactose on the current–voltage characteristics of the anion-exchange membranes has been found, which indicates significant adsorption of lactose on their surface under the conditions of an external constant electric field. It is shown that ion-exchange membranes remain quite effective for electrodialysis of solutions of lactoserum but their use in underlimiting current modes will be more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"266 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4241924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-Art of Forward Osmosis Technology: Prospects and Limitations","authors":"A. P. Andrianov,&nbsp;O. V. Yantsen,&nbsp;R. V. Efremov","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040029","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forward osmosis is considered as an emerging technology that can compete with existing methods of desalination, purification, and concentration of natural and wastewater on the global water market. This review presents possible applications of forward osmosis, technological schemes, and the most striking case studies. The issues of forward osmosis membranes development and improvement, composition and regeneration of draw solutions, membrane fouling are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems arising during forward osmosis operation as well as to energy and economic assessment of new technology. Conclusions are drawn about the status of the commercial implementation of forward osmosis and the main barriers that stand in the way of its development.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"276 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4239555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Ultrafiltration Membranes from PAN Composites and Hydrophilic Particles for Isolation of Heavy Oil Components","authors":"A. A. Yushkin,&nbsp;A. V. Balynin,&nbsp;A. P. Nebesskaya,&nbsp;M. N. Efimov,&nbsp;D. S. Bakhtin,&nbsp;S. A. Baskakov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Kanatieva","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040078","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membranes have been fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) doped with graphene oxide (GO) particles, PAN pyrolyzed by IR irradiation (IR-PAN-a), and nanodiamonds (ND). The pore structure of the resulting membranes has been studied. It has been shown that the addition of carbonaceous components slightly reduces the average pore size of the membranes from 17 to 12–15 nm, thereby leading to a decrease in the water permeability of membranes from 158 to 80.9–119.9 kg/(m² h atm). Doping with particulate additives led to surface hydrophilization: the contact angle of water decreased from 65° to 48°–55°, facilitating the flow of crude oil solutions in toluene by a factor of 2–3 compared to the PAN membrane. However, the addition of GO or IR-PAN-a promoted a significant increase in irreversible membrane fouling. On the other hand, the addition of nanodiamonds not only reduced the overall fouling of the membrane and increased the permeability of the feed mixture from 4.93 to 8.47 kg/(m² h atm), but also made it possible to recover more than 96% of the pure toluene flux. The rejection ratio of ND-doped membranes during the filtration of 10 g/L oil solutions in toluene was 85–89%.</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"290 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4239554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodialysis Separation and Selective Concentration of Sulfuric Acid and Nickel Sulfate Using Membranes Modified with Polyaniline","authors":"S. A. Loza,&nbsp;N. A. Romanyuk,&nbsp;I. V. Falina,&nbsp;N. V. Loza","doi":"10.1134/S2517751623040030","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S2517751623040030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface-modified cation exchange materials are obtained based on industrial MK-40 heterogeneous and MF-4SK homogeneous cation-exchange membranes by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline under electrodialysis conditions. The conduction and diffusion characteristics of the initial and modified membranes in solutions of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate are studied. It is shown that the modification of the membranes with polyaniline leads to a decrease in their electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability without sacrificing high selectivity. The diffusion permeability of the cation-exchange membranes is higher in solutions of nickel sulfate in comparison with solutions of sulfuric acid, while an inverse dependence is found for anion-exchange membranes. The competitive transport of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate during electrodialysis separation and concentration of their mixture using initial commercial and modified cation-exchange membranes paired with an MA-41 anion-exchange membrane is studied. It is shown that applying a layer of polyaniline with positively charged groups onto one of the surfaces of MK-40 or MF-4SK cation-exchange membranes leads to a decrease in the transport of a doubly charged nickel cation both in the separation and concentration modes over the entire range of current densities. The highest repulsion effect is observed in the case of the use of homogeneous modified membranes, where the selective permeability coefficient <i>P</i>(H₂SO₄/NiSO₄) increases from 0.7–1.7 up to 32.5–19.7 depending on the current density. It is found that the use of surface-modified with polyaniline cation-exchange membranes makes it possible to concentrate a solution containing 0.1 mol-equiv/L (4.9 g/L) H₂SO₄ and 0.1 mol-equiv/L (7.7 g/L) NiSO₄ with simultaneous separation to sulfuric acid with a concentration of about 2.4 mol-equiv/L (120 g/L) and a solution of nickel sulfate. Here, the concentration of nickel sulfate in the concentrate does not exceed 0.13 mol-equiv/L (10 g/L).</p>","PeriodicalId":700,"journal":{"name":"Membranes and Membrane Technologies","volume":"5 4","pages":"236 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S2517751623040030.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4237840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}