Vahid Alivirdiloo, Mobasher Hajiabbasi, Morad Kohandel Gargari, Homa Kohandel Gargari, Farhood Ghazi, Mahya Mohammadi, Fatemeh Rahimi, Ahmad Mobed, Amin mehra
{"title":"Neuroprotective role of nobiletin against amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in Parkinson and Alzheimer disease as neurodegenerative diseases of brain","authors":"Vahid Alivirdiloo, Mobasher Hajiabbasi, Morad Kohandel Gargari, Homa Kohandel Gargari, Farhood Ghazi, Mahya Mohammadi, Fatemeh Rahimi, Ahmad Mobed, Amin mehra","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03237-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of neuronal amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main indicators of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are the most common neurological diseases of old age. It is obvious that the existing and developed treatments are not able to change the conditions and cure these diseases, so the development of preventive therapeutic interventions without complications seems necessary. Clinical findings indicate that oxidative stress and neurotoxicity caused by amyloid β (Aβ) play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among a wide range of medicinal compounds studied for the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases, Nobiletin (NOB)has been the focus of researchers. NOB is a bioflavonoid isolated from citrus peel that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-dementia properties and the ability to improve intracellular and extracellular antibodies. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of NOB against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity discovered in the last decade were discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved have also been considered.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 7","pages":"1055 - 1063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. A. Hassan, Marwa El-Hussieny, Naglaa F. El-Sayed, Marwa A. Fouad, Ewies F. Ewies, Manal Abdel Fattah Ezzat
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of new tetrakisphosphonic acid derivatives as FPPS inhibitors and evaluation of their anti-osteoclastogenic potential for prevention of osteoporosis","authors":"A. M. A. Hassan, Marwa El-Hussieny, Naglaa F. El-Sayed, Marwa A. Fouad, Ewies F. Ewies, Manal Abdel Fattah Ezzat","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03242-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03242-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous bone illnesses, including osteoporosis, are brought on by abnormal osteoclast differentiation. The identification of effective strategies for preventing osteoporosis involves focusing on the production and activation of osteoclasts. Herein, we synthesized a new series of tetrakisphosphonic acid derivatives and assessed their farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitory activity (FPPS) and anti-osteoclastogenic properties in vitro using the MTT assay and the Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining test. Among the synthesized novel tetrakisphosphonic acid derivatives, the unsubstituted benzylidene derivative <b>2a</b> and the 2-brominated benzylidene derivative <b>2g</b> exhibited the most promising bioactivity on the FPPS. All the synthesized compounds were proven to have the capacity to decrease the osteoclastogenesis process. Furthermore, both compounds <b>2a</b> and <b>2g</b> displayed the highest antiosteoclastogenic activity when compared to the reference compound, zoledronate. Molecular docking investigations revealed the probable interaction patterns between the potent derivatives <b>2a</b> and <b>2g</b> in the <i>h</i>FPPS binding pocket. The results of this investigation indicated that these novel compounds might be useful as FPPS-targeting and antiosteoclastogenic medications.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 7","pages":"1167 - 1177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuoyu Li, Zhe Ding, Haonan Cheng, Xiaofan Zhang, Houjun Zhang, Gary Wong, Yun Ding, Jiaming Lan, Aiguo Hu
{"title":"Synthesis and antiviral property of polysulfate-grafted maleimide-based enediynes","authors":"Zhuoyu Li, Zhe Ding, Haonan Cheng, Xiaofan Zhang, Houjun Zhang, Gary Wong, Yun Ding, Jiaming Lan, Aiguo Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03226-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03226-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pose a serious threat to human life and the global economy. To combat emerging viruses and virus variants, it is essential to develop antivirals with non-specific activities. In this study, we report on the synthesis and antiviral properties of four types of polysulfate-grafted maleimide-based enediyne (EDY) molecules. The sulfates in these EDY molecules are designed to target viruses through non-specific electrostatic interactions, providing extracellular viral targeting ability. Meanwhile, the core EDY generates radical species that disintegrate the viral structure proteins, thereby diminishing the infectivity of coronaviruses. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed the radical-generating property of enediynes, while antiviral experiments demonstrated that these enediynes exhibit antiviral activity down to micromolar concentrations, suggesting a promising future for this strategy in developing antiviral drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 6","pages":"1024 - 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Zhang, Linjun Dai, Yi Tan, Yongpeng Yu, Junhao Xing, Feng Yang, Boquan Ren, Yan-Jun Xu, Qing Li
{"title":"Design and synthesis of novel factor XIa Inhibitors with bicyclic isoquinoline and naphthalene fragments","authors":"Yi Zhang, Linjun Dai, Yi Tan, Yongpeng Yu, Junhao Xing, Feng Yang, Boquan Ren, Yan-Jun Xu, Qing Li","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03245-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03245-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>FXIa has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for treating thrombotic diseases. With the aim to replace the aniline motif of asundexian with novel P2’ fragments, bicyclic isoquinoline and naphthalene rings were designed. The target compounds with isoquinoline ring were synthesized via 13 steps of chemical reactions. Substituents within the rings were investigated to elucidate the structural determinants governing selective or dual inhibition of FXIa and Plasma Kallikrein (PKa). In vitro testing showed that some of the designed compounds exhibited comparable potency against both FXIa and PKa, while others achieved up to 94-fold selectivity. Analysis of structure-activity relationships (SARs) uncovered the pivotal role of the carboxylic acid moiety in retaining inhibition of FXIa and PKa, and the steric hindrance and hydrogen-bond receptor functional groups were identified as key factors influencing the selectivity of FXIa inhibition over PKa. The docking study additionally unveiled different binding modes that play a significant role in the observed activity and selectivity. Furthermore, the selected compounds significantly extended the plasma coagulation time in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, the bicyclic compounds may be promising lead compounds for the development of highly effective FXIa inhibitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 6","pages":"1003 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mardia T. El Sayed, Alaadin E. Sarhan, Huriyyah A. Alturaifi, Selwan M. El-Sayed, Ghada S. Hassan, Nehal A. Hamdy, Shahenda M. El-Messery, Mamdouh M. Ali
{"title":"Design and synthesis of indole-based elipticine analogues as topoisomerase IIβ inhibitors","authors":"Mardia T. El Sayed, Alaadin E. Sarhan, Huriyyah A. Alturaifi, Selwan M. El-Sayed, Ghada S. Hassan, Nehal A. Hamdy, Shahenda M. El-Messery, Mamdouh M. Ali","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03222-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03222-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New ellipticine analogs with indole cores were synthesized. and evaluated for their anticancer activity. A new compound, scaffolds, revealed broad-spectrum anticancer potential in one-dose and five doses screening. against the full 60-cell line at NCI. Compounds <b>2a</b> and <b>3c</b> had been selected for five-dose screening, where they showed marked anticancer activity against the tested cell lines with an average GI<sub>50</sub> (MG-MID) value of 2.23 and 0.98 mM, respectively. Compounds <b>2a</b>, <b>2b</b>, <b>2d</b>, <b>3b</b>, <b>3c</b>, and <b>12</b> showed noted <i>Topoisomerase Type IIβ</i> inhibitory activity with inhibition records 85.45, 94.7, 93.5, 91.6, 89, and 94.5 percent, respectively. Molecular modeling studies and physicochemical parameter calculations of the most active compounds confirmed their safe. drug-like properties. as a promising anticancer class.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 6","pages":"885 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring nucleoside analogs: key targets in the viral life cycle - advancing strategies against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Roopal Garg, Raveen Kumar, Ritika Srivastava, Richa Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03244-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03244-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major reason behind the increased research aimed at the identification of effective antiviral agents. Among these, Nucleoside analogs have shown a promising effect on the inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus replication, the pathogen of COVID-19. Nucleoside analogs are synthetic compounds designed to mimic natural nucleosides, the building blocks of RNA and DNA. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the pivotal role nucleoside analogs play in combating SARS-CoV-2 infections. These analogs function by incorporating into the viral RNA during replication, disrupting the synthesis process and preventing the virus from proliferating. Researchers have identified multiple nucleoside analogs exhibiting robust antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, including remdesivir, favipiravir, and molnupiravir. This review explores the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles of these nucleoside analogs. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and limitations associated with their use, including the emergence of resistant viral strains and potential side effects. Additionally, the review delves into ongoing research efforts to optimize nucleoside analogs for enhanced efficacy and reduced adverse effects. In summary, the article aims to enhance our overall understanding of nucleoside-based treatments by combining information about their chemistry, mechanisms of action, and activation pathways. The goal is to contribute to advancements in addressing emerging viral threats in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 6","pages":"869 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakesh K. Bollikanda, Yana L. Esaulkova, Abburi Naga Pranathi, Devendra Nagineni, Nagaraju Chirra, Anna A. Muryleva, Pedapati Ravikumar, Vladimir V. Zarubaev, Srinivas Kantevari
{"title":"Design and synthesis of benzo[d]imidazo-6,7-dihydrobenzo[d] imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-8(5H)-ones as potent anti-infective agents","authors":"Rakesh K. Bollikanda, Yana L. Esaulkova, Abburi Naga Pranathi, Devendra Nagineni, Nagaraju Chirra, Anna A. Muryleva, Pedapati Ravikumar, Vladimir V. Zarubaev, Srinivas Kantevari","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03240-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03240-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present a series of 2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1<i>H</i>-benzo-[<i>d</i>]-imidazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydrobenzo-[<i>d</i>]-imidazo[2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-8(5<i>H</i>)-ones (<b>7a–q</b>) through a short, four-step process using readily available starting materials. The synthesis included crucial transformations such as the condensation of 1,3-cyclohexanediones with thiourea, cyclization with acetophenones, and the Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reaction. All the compounds were fully characterized and systematically screened for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Among all, the compounds <b>7b</b> (CC50: >1000 µM, IC50 = 4.8 µM, SI = > 63) and <b>7h</b> (CC50: >1000 µM, IC50 = 5.6 µM, SI = > 54) with 3-methyl and 3-trifluoromethyl groups showed significant virus inhibitory activity against the pandemic influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) with high selectivity index values and favorable toxicity profiles. The compounds were also evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity, exhibited only moderate inhibition. Molecular docking studies have elucidated strong binding interactions with the viral target, the RNA polymerase PB1-PB2 subunits of influenza A virus. ADMET profiles highlighted encouraging drug-like properties and positioned 2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1<i>H</i>-benzo-[<i>d</i>]-imidazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydrobenzo-[<i>d</i>]-imidazo [2,1-<i>b</i>]thiazol-8(5<i>H</i>)-one as a promising candidate for further development as antiviral therapeutics.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>A collection of 17 compounds comprising benzimidazole with a dihydroimidazobenzothiazole scaffolds were synthesized and evaluated against the pandemic influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1); resulted two compounds with high selectivity index and favourable toxicity profile.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 6","pages":"989 - 1002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of alkene disulfonoxylation","authors":"Shyam Sathyamoorthi, Steven P. Kelley","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03239-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-024-03239-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have developed convenient protocols for alkene disulfonoxylation, which involve stirring alkene substrate with a commercial I(III) oxidant and sulfonic acid in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> at ambient temperature. The reactions can be performed open to air without any special precautions to exclude moisture and, in most cases, deliver the products of vicinal disulfonoxylation. Where relevant, the reactions are stereospecific and furnish the products of <i>syn</i>-disulfonoxylation. Our protocols work best with terminal alkene substrates, but other substitution patterns are also compatible. With alkene substrates bearing appropriately positioned esters, sulfonoxylated lactones are the major products. With certain styrenyl alkenes, the products of geminal disulfonoxylation are exclusive. For this last reaction type, our results suggest that literature reports of related transformations contain misassigned product structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed O. Radwan, Sawa Sakai, Alaa N. Hassan, Momoko Uesugi, Masaharu Sakamoto, Tsugumasa Toma, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Mostafa M. Badran, Hiroshi Tateishi, Nao Nishimura, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita
{"title":"Discovery of cytotoxic truncated vitamin D derivatives against both bortezomib‐sensitive and bortezomib‐resistant multiple myeloma phenotypes","authors":"Mohamed O. Radwan, Sawa Sakai, Alaa N. Hassan, Momoko Uesugi, Masaharu Sakamoto, Tsugumasa Toma, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Mostafa M. Badran, Hiroshi Tateishi, Nao Nishimura, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03220-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03220-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy with increasing incidence and mortality rates, with a worldwide incidence of 160,000 cases per year. Currently approved treatments, including bortezomib treatment, have adverse effects that ultimately lead to the development of resistance. Inadequate vitamin D (VD) levels are frequently observed in patients with MM, and its supplementation has anti-proliferative effects on different MM phenotypes. However, the risk of hypercalcemia restricts the application of VD in cancer therapy; therefore, we analyzed truncated VD analogs with anticancer effects but no calcemic activity. We previously identified a derivative of the C/D ring fragment of vitamin D2 (VD2) against cervical cancer, lung cancer, and MM. Herein, we conducted a structure–activity relationship study by introducing more derivatives and testing them against different MM cells, including bortezomib-sensitive and bortezomib-resistant phenotypes. VDF-4 exhibited remarkable toxicity against all tested cells, with less of an effect on normal blood cells; this reflects its potentially high selectivity. VDF-4 IC<sub>50</sub> values against KMS-12-PE, KMS-11, and KMS-11/BTZ were 19.1 ± 1.0, 19.8 ± 2.5, and 23.3 ± 1.9 µM, respectively. Notably, the KMS-11/BTZ cells were insensitive to VD2. Furthermore, VDF-4 demonstrated moderate activity against other leukemic cell lines, including Jurkat and M8166 cells. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated, VDF-4 is a promising compound and warrants further investigation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"829 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yundong Xie, Siyao Wang, Mengfei Sun, Yan Pang, Jiping Liu, Yongheng Shi, Xinya Xu, Peifeng Wei, Jinlian Wei, Shipeng He
{"title":"Structural simplification and ester bond flipping lead to bis-benzodioxole derivatives as potential hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective agent","authors":"Yundong Xie, Siyao Wang, Mengfei Sun, Yan Pang, Jiping Liu, Yongheng Shi, Xinya Xu, Peifeng Wei, Jinlian Wei, Shipeng He","doi":"10.1007/s00044-024-03216-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00044-024-03216-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of bis-benzodioxole derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. These target compounds were designed through structure simplification and ester bond flipping. The lipid-lowering activity of these target compounds was preliminarily evaluated in a hyperlipidemic mouse model induced by Triton WR 1339. The results showed that piperonylic acid -6-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenoxy) hexyl ester (T5) possesses notable lipid-lowering properties, reducing triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. The dose-dependent study revealed that compound T5 decreased TG and TC more strongly with the increase of dose. It was observed that T5 had considerable effects on decreasing TG, TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in hyperlipidemic mice induced by high fat diet (HFD). Meanwhile, T5 was found to have hepatoprotective activity, with the liver aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) significantly decreasing and histopathological observation showing that it inhibited lipids accumulation in the liver and alleviated liver injury. T5 has been shown to stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and suppress hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the liver in connection to lipid metabolism. The molecular docking study also revealed that T5 has a high affinity for the active sites of PPAR-α and HMG-CoA reductase. Furthermore, other beneficial activities, including antioxidation and anti-inflammation, were also noted. It is possible that further exploration may result in compound T5 becoming a promising candidate for lipid-lowering therapy.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":699,"journal":{"name":"Medicinal Chemistry Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"811 - 828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}