动物疾病(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Inactivated Pseudomonas PE(ΔIII) exotoxin fused to neutralizing epitopes of PEDV S proteins produces a specific immune response in mice.","authors":"Leqiang Sun,&nbsp;Yajie Tang,&nbsp;Keji Yan,&nbsp;Huanchun Chen,&nbsp;Huawei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00021-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is a severe infectious and devastating swine disease that leads to serious economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. An increased number of PED cases caused by variant PEDV have been reported in many countries since 2010. S protein is the main immunogenic protein containing some B-cell epitopes that can induce neutralizing antibodies of PEDV. In this study, the construction, expression and purification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) without domain III (PEΔIII) as a vector was performed for the delivery of PEDV S-A or S-B. PE(ΔIII) PEDV S-A and PE(ΔIII) PEDV S-B recombinant proteins were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The immunogenicity of PEDV S-A and PEDV S-B subunit vaccines were evaluated in mice. The results showed that PEDV-S-B vaccine could not only induce specific humoral and Th1 type-dominant cellular immune responses, but also stimulate PEDV-specific mucosal immune responses in mice. PEDV-S-B subunit vaccine is a novel candidate mucosal vaccine against PEDV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8497069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationally designed <i>mariner</i> vectors for functional genomic analysis of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> and other <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> species by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS).","authors":"Janine T Bossé,&nbsp;Yanwen Li,&nbsp;Leon G Leanse,&nbsp;Liqing Zhou,&nbsp;Roy R Chaudhuri,&nbsp;Sarah E Peters,&nbsp;Jinhong Wang,&nbsp;Gareth A Maglennon,&nbsp;Matthew T G Holden,&nbsp;Duncan J Maskell,&nbsp;Alexander W Tucker,&nbsp;Brendan W Wren,&nbsp;Andrew N Rycroft,&nbsp;Paul R Langford","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00026-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00026-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes requires efficient tools for generating high-density transposon libraries that, ideally, can be analysed using next-generation sequencing methods such as Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS). The <i>Himar1</i> (<i>mariner</i>) transposon is ideal for generating near-saturating mutant libraries, especially in AT-rich chromosomes, as the requirement for integration is a TA dinucleotide, and this transposon has been used for mutagenesis of a wide variety of bacteria. However, plasmids for <i>mariner</i> delivery do not necessarily work well in all bacteria. In particular, there are limited tools for functional genomic analysis of <i>Pasteurellaceae</i> species of major veterinary importance, such as swine and cattle pathogens, <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> and <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>, respectively. Here, we developed plasmids, pTsodCPC9 and pTlacPC9 (differing only in the promoter driving expression of the transposase gene), that allow delivery of <i>mariner</i> into both these pathogens, but which should also be applicable to a wider range of bacteria. Using the pTlacPC9 vector, we have generated, for the first time, saturating <i>mariner</i> mutant libraries in both <i>A. pleuropneumoniae</i> and <i>P. multocida</i> that showed a near random distribution of insertions around the respective chromosomes as detected by TraDIS. A preliminary screen of 5000 mutants each identified 8 and 14 genes, respectively, that are required for growth under anaerobic conditions. Future high-throughput screening of the generated libraries will facilitate identification of mutants required for growth under different conditions, including <i>in vivo</i>, highlighting key virulence factors and pathways that can be exploited for development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8616859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39809410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus in bats.","authors":"Rong Geng,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00004-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00004-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three major human coronavirus disease outbreaks, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), occurred in the twenty-first century and were caused by different coronaviruses (CoVs). All these viruses are considered to have originated from bats and transmitted to humans through intermediate hosts. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, disease agent of COVID-19, shared around 80% genomic similarity, and thus belong to SARS-related CoVs. As a natural reservoir of viruses, bats harbor numerous other SARS-related CoVs that could potentially infect humans around the world, causing SARS or COVID-19 like outbreaks in the future. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of CoVs on geographical distribution, genetic diversity, cross-species transmission potential and possible pathogenesis in humans, aiming for a better understanding of bat SARS-related CoVs in the context of prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s44149-021-00004-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 hosts among Brazilian mammals and new coronavirus transmission chain using evolutionary bioinformatics.","authors":"Luciano Rodrigo Lopes,&nbsp;Giancarlo de Mattos Cardillo,&nbsp;Natália Carvalho de Lucca Pina,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior,&nbsp;Silvana Kertzer Kasinski,&nbsp;Paulo Bandiera-Paiva","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00020-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 are thought to transmit to humans via wild mammals, especially bats. However, evidence for direct bat-to-human transmission is lacking. Involvement of intermediate hosts is considered a reason for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans and emergence of outbreak. Large biodiversity is found in tropical territories, such as Brazil. On the similar line, this study aimed to predict potential coronavirus hosts among Brazilian wild mammals based on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) sequences using evolutionary bioinformatics. Cougar, maned wolf, and bush dogs were predicted as potential hosts for coronavirus. These indigenous carnivores are philogenetically closer to the known SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 hosts and presented low ACE2 divergence. A new coronavirus transmission chain was developed in which white-tailed deer, a susceptible SARS-CoV-2 host, have the central position. Cougar play an important role because of its low divergent ACE2 level in deer and humans. The discovery of these potential coronavirus hosts will be useful for epidemiological surveillance and discovery of interventions that can contribute to break the transmission chain.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-021-00020-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8475823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of bile acids in enteric virus replication.","authors":"Fanzhi Kong,&nbsp;Linda J Saif,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00003-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00003-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bile acids (BAs) are evolutionally conserved molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol to facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients. In the intestines, where enteric viruses replicate, BAs also act as signaling molecules that modulate various biological functions <i>via</i> activation of specific receptors and cell signaling pathways. To date, BAs present either pro-viral or anti-viral effects for the replication of enteric viruses <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. In this review, we summarized current information on biosynthesis, transportation and metabolism of BAs and the role of BAs in replication of enteric caliciviruses, rotaviruses, and coronaviruses. We also discussed the application of BAs for cell culture adaptation of fastidious enteric caliciviruses and control of virus infection, which may provide novel insights into the development of antivirals and/or disinfectants for enteric viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s44149-021-00003-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the <i>Nidovirales</i> order.","authors":"Zhijian Zhou,&nbsp;Ye Qiu,&nbsp;Xingyi Ge","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequent emergence of coronavirus (CoV) epidemics has seriously threatened public health and stock farming. The major hosts for CoVs are birds and mammals. Although most CoVs inhabit their specific natural hosts, some may occasionally cross the host barrier to infect livestock and even people, causing a variety of diseases. Since the beginning of the new century, increasing attention has been given to research on CoVs due to the emergence of highly pathogenic and genetically diverse CoVs that have caused several epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. CoVs belong to the <i>Coronaviridae</i> family of the <i>Nidovirales</i> order. Recently, advanced techniques for viral detection and viral genome analyses have enabled characterization of many new nidoviruses than ever and have greatly expanded the <i>Nidovirales</i> order with new classification and nomenclature. Here, we first provide an overview of the latest research progress in the classification of the <i>Nidovirales</i> order and then introduce the host range, genetic variation, genomic pattern and pathogenic features of epidemic CoVs and other epidemic viruses. This information will promote understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of various pathogenic nidoviruses, including epidemic CoVs, which will benefit virological research and viral disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of swine influenza.","authors":"Yin Li,&nbsp;Ian Robertson","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00024-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00024-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally swine influenza is one of the most important diseases of the pig industry, with various subtypes of swine influenza virus co-circulating in the field. Swine influenza can not only cause large economic losses for the pig industry but can also lead to epidemics or pandemics in the human population. We provide an overview of the pathogenic characteristics of the disease, diagnosis, risk factors for the occurrence on pig farms, impact on pigs and humans and methods to control it. This review is designed to promote understanding of the epidemiology of swine influenza which will benefit the control of the disease in both pigs and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of sheep and goat pox disease: current updates on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures in Ethiopia.","authors":"Girma Zewdie,&nbsp;Getaw Derese,&nbsp;Belayneh Getachew,&nbsp;Hassen Belay,&nbsp;Mirtneh Akalu","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00028-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle, respectively, caused by the genus <i>Capripoxvirus</i> (CaPV) of the family <i>Poxviridae</i>. Currently, CaPV infection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) has been distributed widely and are prevalent in Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity (75-100% in endemic areas) and mortality (10-85%). Additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. To date, attenuated vaccines originating from KSGPV O-180 strains are effective and widely used in Ethiopia to control CaPV throughout the country. This vaccine strain is clinically safe to control CaPV in small ruminants but not in cattle which may be associated with insufficient vaccination coverage and the production of low-quality vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39645430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pasteurella multocida</i> capsular: lipopolysaccharide types D:L6 and A:L3 remain to be the main epidemic genotypes of pigs in China.","authors":"Songtao Liu,&nbsp;Lin Lin,&nbsp;Hao Yang,&nbsp;Wenqing Wu,&nbsp;Long Guo,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Xueying Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Song,&nbsp;Lin Hua,&nbsp;Wan Liang,&nbsp;Xibiao Tang,&nbsp;Huanchun Chen,&nbsp;Zhong Peng,&nbsp;Bin Wu","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00031-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00031-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pasteurella multocida</i> is a leading cause of respiratory disorders in pigs. This study was designed to understand the genotypical and antimicrobial resistant characteristics of <i>P. multocida</i> from pigs in China. To achieve this, we briefly investigated 158 <i>P. multocida</i> isolates from pigs with respiratory disorders in China between 2019 and 2020. Genotyping through multiplex PCR assays assigned these 158 isolates into capsular genotypes A (60.13%, 95/158), D (35.44%, 56/158), F (4.43%, 7/158), and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes L3 (28.48%, 45/158) and L6 (66.46%, 105/158). In addition, eight isolates (5.06%, 8/158) were found to be nontypable using the LPS genotyping method. When combining the capsular genotypes and the LPS genotypes, D: L6 (34.81%, 55/158) and A: L6 (31.65%, 50/158) were the predominant genotypes, followed by A: L3 (24.05%, 38/158). PCR detection of virulence factor-encoding genes showed that over 80% of the isolates were positive for <i>exbB</i>, <i>tonB</i>, <i>exbD</i>, <i>ompH</i>, <i>ptfA</i>, <i>fimA</i>, <i>sodA</i>, <i>sodC</i>, <i>fur</i>, <i>ompA</i>, <i>oma87</i>, <i>plpB</i>, <i>hsf-2</i>, <i>nanH</i> and <i>hgbB</i>, suggesting the presence of these genes were broad characteristics of <i>P. multocida</i>. We also found approximately 63.92% (101/158), 51.27% (81/158), 8.86% (14/158), 7.59% (12/158), 3.16% (5/158), 0.63% (1/158), and 0.63% (1/158) of the isolates grew well in media with the presence of colistin (4 μg/mL), tetracycline (16 μg/mL), tigecycline (1 μg/mL), ampicillin (32 μg/mL), chloramphenicol (32 μg/mL), cefepime (16 μg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (1 μg/mL), respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of genotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of <i>P. multocida</i> currently circulation in pigs of China.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-021-00031-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8561366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Launching <i>Animal Diseases</i>: animal warfare and health, food safety, and public health.","authors":"Zhen F Fu, Huanchun Chen","doi":"10.1186/s44149-021-00006-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s44149-021-00006-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":69105,"journal":{"name":"动物疾病(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39892149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}