地理信息系统(英文)最新文献

{"title":"An Analytical Framework for Measuring Inequality in the Public Opinions on Policing – Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic using Twitter Data","authors":"M. Adepeju, Fatai Jimoh","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132008","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers are an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (PFAs) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific PFAs, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Anopheles sinensis and Its Relationship with Natural Environmental Factors in Wanning County on Hainan Island, China","authors":"Liang Wen, Qinghuan Li, Min-Hau Lin, Cheng-yi Li, Chenyi Chu, Shao-Quan Weng, Wenyi Zhang, Yong Wang, Shen-Long Li","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.131003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.131003","url":null,"abstract":"Anopheles sinensis is widely distributed in Wanning County, it is \u0000necessary to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of Anopheles sinensis in order to maintain \u0000the elimination of malaria in Wanning. During May and \u0000October 2009, we sampled adult mosquitoes at 36 villages within Wanning County on \u0000Hainan island, and collected meteorological and geographical data at each \u0000sampling site. We used these data to analyze the spatial distribution of adult Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes, and logistic \u0000regression analysis was applied to explore the association of the spatial \u0000distribution of Anopheles sinensis with the geographical and meteorological factors. We found that the density of Anopheles sinensis showed a significant \u0000positive spatial correlation. From May to October, on the \u0000whole, the high-density area was located in the central part of Wanning County. \u0000But each month there was a relatively high-density cluster, \u0000and their location and range were not exactly the same. From east to west, the \u0000density of Anopheles sinensis increased initially and then decreased, but from south to north, there were \u0000different trends in the periods of May to August and September to October. \u0000Logistic regression analysis showed that the main environmental factors related \u0000with the distribution of Anopheles sinensis were land use type, soil type, distance to road, air pressure and relative \u0000humidity. These analysis results showed that the distribution of Anopheles sinensis had obvious spatial \u0000heterogeneity in Wanning County, which was related with geographical and \u0000meteorological factors. The mechanism of these environmental factors on the \u0000distribution of Anopheles sinensis needs to be further studied.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48705955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity Dimensions of Freshwater Fish Species around the World","authors":"C. Granado-Lorencio, C. Guisande, Patricia Pelayo-Villamil, Ana Manjarrés-Hernández, Emilio Garcia‐Rosello, Juergen Heine, Elisa Pérez-Costas, Luis González-Vilas, Jacinto Gonzalez‐Dacosta, J. Lobo","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.131001","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and coverage of the available taxonomical and geographical information and the recognition that diversity is multi-faceted are two main factors that hinder to understand the spatial and temporal variations of biodiversity. In this study, we aim to quantify the global distribution of five diversity components used to assess freshwater fish diversity in river basins around the world. The multidimensional character of these diversity components was estimated and the so obtained diversity dimensions mapped. This was done taking into account those well-surveyed basins discriminated by considering collector’s curves, and additionally by controlling for the effect of survey effort on all considered diversity components. A total of 1,472,109 occurrence records were analysed, corresponding to 17,292 species of freshwater fishes. Five diversity components were considered: functional richness, species richness, taxonomic diversity, and two rarity measures. Well-surveyed river basins were discriminated using accumulation curves. The effects of survey biases and knowledge gaps were minimized by determining the relationship of each component with the completeness values calculated for each river basin. The geographical pattern derived from raw data is skewed by the unequal knowledge available, and all diversity components were positively correlated with completeness values. The first dimension described the association between species richness and functional diversity. The second dimension represented rarity and taxonomic diversity. The congruence between species richness and functional diversity suggests that ecosystem functions increase with the number of fish species present in river basins and that a decrease in species richness may involve a loss of functionality. The levels of rarity and taxonomic diversity of many species-poor basins found in arid and cold regions suggest that the distinctiveness of their freshwater fishes is primarily a consequence of how isolated these basins are.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46492768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multimedia Web GIS Portal for Promotion of Tourism in Kenya","authors":"Charles Muriuki, B. Kenduiywo","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.131002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.131002","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is a major foreign exchange earner in Kenya contributing to 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Whereas Kenyan government strives to boost its GDP through improved arrivals, lack of effective tourism marketing strategies hinders growth in tourist arrivals in Kenya. To advertise and market the untold wealth of tourist destinations, the government utilizes campaigns through print and electronic media, which are expensive and limited in updating. This study addresses the gap by designing a web Geographic Information System (GIS) portal for marketing and promotion of tourism. To realize this a multimedia GIS database was created using PostgreSQL/PostGIS software to store spatial and multimedia tourism data, while itinerary planning tools were designed using Dijkstra algorithm and Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) approach. The result was a web GIS portal interface containing tourist information enhanced with text and/or video/audio descriptions. Facebook advertisement was used to popularize the tourism products available in Kenya through visitor engagements as well as directing traffic to the portal fast and inexpensively.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"19-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41589485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conception and Implementation of Geographical Database for Cultural Heritage Management—Case of Historical Jeddah, KSA","authors":"Atef Belhaj Ali, Abdulmohseen Al Shareef, Oussamma Jastania","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.136038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.136038","url":null,"abstract":"Saudi Arabia is attempting to develop a long-term tourism business that re-spects Islamic ideals, heritage, and traditions. In accordance with the “Vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030”, significant emphasis has been placed on developing and promoting cultural tourism as a result of the Kingdom’s very valuable civilizational and cultural heritage, in addition to entertainment and improving the quality of life. The city of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s second capital, and the district known as “Al-Balad”, which is located in the city’s core, is a historical neighborhood known for its old structures and multi-story houses. Since 1947, the historical monuments in the Al-Balad region have faced major and challenging issues as a result of neglect and a failure to maintain them. To protect this historical architectural heritage, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has designated Jeddah’s historic area as a World Heritage Site. The purpose of this research is to identify historical sites in the city of Al-Balad using existing maps, field surveys, and the design and creation of a spatial database that can be used with geographic information systems (GIS). By combining the results of the spatial database and photographic surveys with the history of Old Jeddah, an application was created and made available to users and those interested in the Internet that can be used through mobile devices (mobile phones and tablets) to introduce the historical area of Jeddah and promote tourism in Old Jeddah.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Analysis and Modelling of Wind Farm Site Suitability in Nasarawa State, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"C. Ozim, A. Nweke, Salamatu Abraham Ekpo, Olufemi Stephen Oladeinde, H. Ayuba, Udochukwu Michael Mbanaso","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135033","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing global and local interest in developing renewable, clean, and cheap energy towards achieving Goal number 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). However, decisions involving suitable and sustainable locations for renewable energy projects remain an important task. This study employed Geographic Information System (GIS) and Mul-ti-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to spatially analyze and model wind farm site suitability in Nasarawa State. The aim is to integrate the environmental, social, and economic aspects of decision-making for identifying sustainable wind farm sites. The study distinguished between two sets of decision criteria: decision constraints and decision factors. The former defined the exclusion zones while the latter were standardized based on fuzzy logic to depict varying degrees of suitability across the State. The MCDA applied the weighted linear combination method, with relative weights generated through pairwise comparisons of the analytic hierarchy process to analyze three policy scenarios: equal weights, environmental/social priority, and economic priority scenario. A combination of resulting fied and delineated. The composite decision constraint revealed that wind farm projects would not be viable in more than half (57.58%) of the State. Wind speed was the major constraint and accounted for the exclusion of 46.25%, with a mean fuzzy membership value of 0.2008 indicating low suitability across the State. Also, the average acceptable wind farm location for the three-policy scenario was 33.33% of the entire study area. Lafia, Obi, Keana, Awe, Nasarawa-Eggon, Wamba and Kokona LGAs were the identified priority Local Government Areas (LGAs). However, only Lafia, Obi, and Nasara-wa-Eggon were consistent with changes in the policy objectives. All the priority LGAs have one or more of the most suitable parcels within their administrative boundaries except for Wamba. Despite the severe limitations of wind speed, substantial parts of Nasarawa State still provide great development potentials for wind energy. The “most suitable” locations in Lafia, Nasara-wa-Eggon, and Obi LGAs should have first consideration for the development of wind energy in the State.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation Approach of the Tectonic Lineament Extraction Enhancement Using Sentinel 2A Images and Modified 3 × 3 Bidirectional Prewitt Filters. Case Study: Grombalia, Tunisia","authors":"M. Karim, N. Rebai, Sonya Gannouni, Slimene Sedrette, I. Farah","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.136037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.136037","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, filters are used to extract directional tectonic lineaments and, thus, to reveal the presence of faults or fractures in the satellite images. The extraction process consists first in eliminating other different types of lineaments (e.g. the lithological limit, ridgelines, hydrographic network, roads, etc.). Besides, a comparative and quantitative approach is applied to show that when the directional Prewitt filter has a zero setting of the opposite of the assumed direction, as is the case of the N-S direction, the East-West direction is also set to zero. This research work, based on a bidirectional filter (N-S; E-W), shows satisfactory results especially concerning the quantitative fluctuation of lineament directions by interval. This fluctuation is in perfect agree-ment with the lineaments provided by the digitizing of the different tectonic accidents directions extracted in a GIS environment from the geological map of Grombalia. In this research work, a quantitative approach was used to evaluate the result of the lineament extraction methodology based on one direction analysis and by an interval of directions. Indeed, the N45 lineament direction, well documented in the geological study of the region, was more clearly distinguished by applying the Prewitt filter than by using the Sobel filter. The result was validated by comparison with the results obtained by the digitization of the tectonic accidents mapped on the geological map.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Techniques, a Superlative Method to Assess Urban Heat Island Intensity: The Case of Abuja Municipal, Nigeria","authors":"M. E. Awuh, P. O. Japhets, I. C. Enete","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.131004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.131004","url":null,"abstract":"Most cities around the world, including Abuja Municipal are being faced with an undesirable increased in air temperature. This is indicated by an increase in non-porous, non-evaporating, highly thermal conductive surfaces such as concrete and asphalt, which has replaced the vegetation biomass resulting to the formation of urban heat island. There is an increasing need for studies on the changing trend of UHI intensity in cities. This research employed geospatial techniques to determine the urban heat island intensity in Abuja Municipal. Temperature characteristics over twenty selected rural and urban locations in Abuja, FCT were derived from the satellite image of 1986, 2001 and 2016 using the “Extract Multi Values to Point” tool in ArcGIS 10.4. These transects pass over various landscapes with different environmental settings, with the aim of understanding the factors shaping the city’s thermal landscape. The intervals of +15 years were deliberately chosen to ensure uniformity between the datasets. The results of this analysis indicate that UHII has been increasing, from 1986-2016, giving credence to the results of the spatial and temporal analysis of the land surface temperature, indicating the development phases had hit full stride. The different periods under study (1986, 2001 and 2016) were also tested using the student “t” test to determine the significant difference in the land surface temperature values to acknowledge the presence of a substantial urban heat island within the study area. The result reveals the calculated “t” values of 2.50, 3.34, 5.57 of 1986, 2001 and 2016 respectively, are higher than the critical value of “t” at 0.05 being 1.73, thus, revealing the temperature differences between the urban and rural stations to be highly significant, indicating the presence of a strong urban heat island. Also, a slide difference in the temperature was observed with the Rubuchi and Karmajiji rural areas having higher temperature readings than their counterparts in the urban areas, Asokoro and Garki, with readings of −0.4°C and −1.3°C. Since effectiveness of a surface in reducing daytime urban air temperatures depends strongly on the amount of heating avoided, the study recommends preserving and replicating greenery, light coloured facades as measures to reduce the effects of urban heat island.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"52-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Water Quality Response to Land Use Land Cover Change in an Urbanizing Catchment: A Case of Upper Chongwe River Catchment, Zambia","authors":"Alick Nguvulu, Agabu Shane, Claude S. Mwale, Tewodros M. Tena, P. Mwaanga, J. Siame, Brian Chirambo, Musango Lungu, F. Mudenda, Dickson Mwelwa, Sydney Chinyanta, Jackson Kawala, Victor Mwango Bowa, L. Mutambo, N. Okello, Charles Musonda","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.135032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135032","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Chongwe River Catchment has recently been overexploited for water resources with increased complaints by various water users about the deteriorating quality of surface water within the sub-catchment. This study was motivated by the need to investigate and understand the response of surface water quality to land use land cover (LULC) change due to urbanization. Water samples, collected at 9 sampling sites from 2006 to 2017, were analyzed for water quality using the weighted arithmetic water quality index and trend using the Mann-Kendall statistics. LULC change is detected and analyzed in ERDAS Imagine 2014 and ArcGIS 10.4 using 2006 Landsat 5 TM and 2017 Landsat 8 OLI imageries. The relationship between LULC change and water quality was performed with multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The results reveal that Built-up area, Grassland and surface water increased by 5.48%, 13.34% and 0.03% respectively while Agricultural land and Forest Land decreased by −13.41% and −5.42% respectively. The water quality index ranged from 43.04 to 110.40 in 2006 and from 170 to 430 in 2017 indicating a deterioration in the quality of surface water from good to unsuitable for drinking at all the sampled sites. Built-up/bare lands exhibited a sigHow to cite this paper: Nguvulu, A., Shane, A., Mwale, C.S., Tena, T.M., Mwaanga, P., Siame, J., Chirambo, B., Lungu, M., Mudenda, F., Mwelwa, D., Chinyanta, S., Kawala, J., Bowa, V.M., Mutambo, L.S., Okello, N. and Musonda, C. (2021) Surface Water Quality Response to Land Use Land Cover Change in an Urbanizing Catchment: A Case of Upper Chongwe River Catchment, Zambia. Journal of Geographic Information System, 13, 578-602. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.135032 Received: July 9, 2021 Accepted: October 24, 2021 Published: October 27, 2021","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric Assessment of Two Watersheds of High Atlas of Morocco Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: What Is the Impact on Surface Water Availability?","authors":"L. Mostakim, Fadoua El Qorchi, F. Z. Guennoun, S. Moutaouakil, Elisabeth Berger, M. Ghamizi","doi":"10.4236/jgis.2021.136034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2021.136034","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance or scarcity of surface water in a watershed is related to environmental factors including its morphology, substrate type, rainfall, slope, and exposure to moist air masses. The combination of these characteristics explains the hydrological behavior of the river network, knowledge of which is important for water resources management. Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing are efficient tools to assess the morphometric characteristic in a watershed. Using these tools, the physical characterization of the two water basins located on either side of the High Atlas of Morocco was investigated in this study. The results show that the Upper Draa basin is characterized by an elongated shape, with a drainage density of 0.14 km/km 2 . Altitudes and slopes vary little and slopes are oriented in most cases towards the southeast (27.34%). Substrate is mostly permeable, which promotes infiltration and aridity of the soil. This contrasts with the Zat basin that is characterized by very variable elevations and slopes, and slopes are mainly exposed to the North and North-West (30.42%), which therefore favors strong runoff and a very high flow velocity. The hydrological contrast observed in the two basins impacts the human use of surface water. These results effectively ex-plain the hydrological behavior and provide managers with useful information for better management and decision-making regarding the two studied hydro systems.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70326907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}