地理信息系统(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Reconstructive Mapping from Sparsely-Sampled Groundwater Data Using Compressive Sensing","authors":"T.-W. Lee, J. Lee, J. E. Park, H. Bellerová, M. Raudenský","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.133016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.133016","url":null,"abstract":"Compressive sensing is a powerful method for reconstruction of sparsely-sampled data, based on statistical optimization. It can be applied to a range of flow measurement and visualization data, and in this work we show the usage in groundwater mapping. Due to scarcity of water in many regions of the world, including southwestern United States, monitoring and management of groundwater is of utmost importance. A complete mapping of groundwater is difficult since the monitored sites are far from one another, and thus the data sets are considered extremely “sparse”. To overcome this difficulty in complete mapping of groundwater, compressive sensing is an ideal tool, as it bypasses the classical Nyquist criterion. We show that compressive sensing can effectively be used for reconstructions of groundwater level maps, by validating against data. This approach can have an impact on geographical sensing and information, as effective monitoring and management are enabled without constructing numerous or expensive measurement sites for groundwater.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"287-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48576289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GNSS Technology’s Contribution to Topography: Evaluative Study of Gaps between Methods Topographies","authors":"Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Ly, Joseph Mbagnick Louis Diene, Diogoye Diouf, A. Ba","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.133019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.133019","url":null,"abstract":"New information and communication technologies have led to the emergence of new techniques in our daily lives. Indeed, in topography, a lightning development of new techniques and new devices has been noticed. This development has given rise to a multitude of choices of devices and various classes of precision. This implies that the decision-makers have to study the adequate equipment and the appropriate technique according to the topographic task to be realized. The objective is not to compare GNSS and topographic techniques, but to point out the contribution of the Global Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) techniques of topographic work. Thus, a theoretical study with a critical eye on the scientific principle of calculating the third topographic dimension followed by a leveling campaign, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveys will be used in order to be able to compare and interpret the result from these campaigns. The study of the difference resulting from the practical campaigns will allow us to identify the contribution of GNSS technology.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"340-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Geographically Weighted Regression of Benthic Substrate Modeling Accuracy on Large and Small Wadeable Streams","authors":"Kenneth R. Sheehan, S. Welsh","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132011","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic habitat assessments encompass large and small wadeable streams which vary from many meters wide to ephemeral. Differences in stream sizes within or across watersheds, however, may lead to incompatibility of data at varying spatial scales. Specifically, issues caused by moving between scales on large and small streams are not typically addressed by many forms of statistical analysis, making the comparison of large (>30 m wetted width) and small stream (<10 m wetted width) habitat assessments difficult. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) may provide avenues for efficiency and needed insight into stream habitat data by addressing issues caused by moving between scales. This study examined the ability of GWR to consistently model stream substrate on both large and small wadeable streams at an equivalent resolution. We performed GWR on two groups of 60 randomly selected substrate patches from large and small streams and used depth measurements to model substrate. Our large and small stream substrate models responded equally well to GWR. Results showed no statistically significant difference between GWR R2 values of large and small stream streams. Results also provided a much needed method for comparison of large and small wadeable streams. Our results have merit for aquatic resource managers, because they demonstrate ability to spatially model and compare substrate on large and small streams. Using depth to guide substrate modeling by geographically weighted regression has a variety of applications which may help manage, monitor stream health, and interpret substrate change over time.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"194-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43009539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating Traditional 1/50,000 Topographic Maps Using Crowd-Sourced Geodata and Free Sources Satellite Images","authors":"Atef Belhaj Ali, M. Hamza","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses how open geodata and crowd-sourced geodata, and the open geoportals might be integrated with the mainstream surveying and mapping practices to update traditional topomaps quickly and inexpensively, that might be otherwise impossible to do it due to economic and logistic situations. The abundant geographic data on the internet could be used to update topographic maps while avoiding the time-consuming nature of the traditional method. To be able to use them, it is necessary to measure and quantify the quality of these data, as well as to verify their credibility, in order to incorporate them into official topographic maps. The proposed approach takes advantage of neocartography, and it’s not about further developing a new approaches, but looking differently at how data is collected, assembled controlled and been used for updating topomaps. At the beginning, the methodology used about how open geodata and crowd-sourced geodata involved in collecting, simplifying, generalizing, controlling and generating useful cartographic information that complement traditional and conventional counterparts is presented. This methodology was applied on a 1/50,000 topomap located in the north of Jeddah city (western region of Saudi Arabia), and we have demonstrated that by using this type of data, it is possible to update topographic maps quickly and at a lower cost while maintaining cartographic precision and accuracy standards.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41923566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Geomorphological and Hydromorphometric Analysis of Drainage Basins of As Sabriyah (Kuwait) Using GIS Techniques","authors":"A. Al-Hurban, Fawziyah Al-Ruwaih, Ahamd Al-Dughairi","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132010","url":null,"abstract":"A well-developed drainage network was carved in the study area in a hard calcretized and gypcretized gravelly sand of the Dibdibba Formation (Al-Rukham slope) in pluvial episodes in the post-pleistocene age, and is referred to be paleo-drainage due to the current witnessed aridity. This study aims to investigate the geomorphologic, morphometric, and stratigraphic characteristics of the paleo-drainage system and its role in recharging shallow aquifers. Morphometric analysis was accomplished using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Six vertical pit holes were dug across the area to investigate the stratigraphy and recharging capacity. The drainage system is composed of 10 closely spaced, subparallel, dendritic, elongated, and variant-sloped drainage basins with highest stream order of 5. Water flows NE from Al-Rukham ridge’s crest (60 m a.m.s.l.) downstream in Khor Al-Subiyah coastal flat. The bed rock’s hard resistant nature lowered its infiltration and recharging capacity to the shallow aquifer, whereas the coarse-grained wadi fills deposits increased infiltration capacity of the surface sediments, but the water percolation chance is limited as it eventually directed seaward by the same-directed general topography resulting in limiting potential recharge to the shallow aquifers. This is suggested to oppose the salt water intrusion and thus enhance fresh water quality.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"166-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47589170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Cover Dynamics of a Lowland Rainforest in Southwestern Nigeria Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"T. Oluwajuwon, A. Alo, F. N. Ogana, Oluwaseun A. Adekugbe","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132006","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of forest degradation and deforestation in Nigeria has been increasing over the years and is prominent in the southwestern parts. Despite the significant change and degradation observed in a lowland rainforest in the region—Ogbese Forest Reserve, there is a great dearth of information about the level of forest cover change. Therefore, this study determined the cover dynamics of the rainforest reserve over the epoch of 20 years using Geographic Information System and remote sensing techniques. Coordinates of the boundary and some other benchmark places within the forest reserve were obtained. Secondary data collection included: Landsat imageries of 1998, 2002 and 2018. An interview guide was used to obtain information from forest officials and locals of the surrounding communities to complement the spatial data obtained. Image classification was done using the maximum likelihood algorithm. The rate of change across the epochs was determined using the area of the land cover classes. The level of vegetation disturbance in the reserve was determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Five different forest cover classes were identified in the study area: forest, plantation, farmland, grassland, and bare land. The natural forest reduced significantly from 34.43 km2 (48%) in 1998 to 8.73 km2 (12%) in 2002 and was depleted further by 2018, while other cover classes increased. NDVI value also reduced from 0.25 to 0.13. Agriculture, among others, was observed as the main driver of forest degradation and deforestation in Ogbese Forest Reserve. The study concluded that the remaining forest (i.e. plantation) could also be depleted by 2025, as it decreases by −0.94 km2 per year if proper reforestation and management practices are not introduced.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and Characterization of the Landscape Units of the Coastal Hydrographic Basin of Rio Pacoti, Ceará, Brazil","authors":"Álvaro Andrade Dourado, J. F. Sobrinho, F.E.L. Barbosa, E. C. Lima","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132014","url":null,"abstract":"Attention must be in identifying and managing watershed landscapes because of the importance of preserving natural resources. Therefore, this manuscript identifies and maps the coastal area of the Pacoti River Watershed. The methods were the analysis of landscape maps from Ceara research agencies and fieldwork to verify the information. The conclusion is that using technology has become a decisive and effective factor when identifying and analyzing physical characteristics in geomorphologic compartments in the Pacoti River Watershed.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46542447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-Based Methodology for Crash Prediction on Single-Lane Rural Highways","authors":"Márcia Macedo, E. K. Rabbani, M. Maia, Marlos Macedo, Bianca Ferreira","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132007","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highways, with a minimum of statistically significant variables, adequate to the Brazilian reality, and improve accident prediction for places with similar characteristics. A database was created to associate the accident records with the geometric parameters of the highway and to fill in the gaps left by the absence of geometric highway plans through geometric reconstitution or semi-automatic extraction of highways using satellite images. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was applied to estimate the coefficients of the model, assuming negative distribution of the binomial error for the count of observed accidents. The accident frequency and annual average daily traffic (AADT) were analyzed, along with the spatial and geometric characteristics of 215 km of federal single-lane rural highways between 2007 and 2016. The GEE procedure was applied to two models having three variations of distinct homogeneous segmentation, two based on segments and one based on the kernel density estimator. To assess the effect of constant traffic, two more variations of the models using AADT as an offset variable were considered. The predominant correlation structure in the models was the exchangeable. The principal contributing factors for the occurrence of collisions were the radius of the horizontal curve, the grade, segment length, and the AADT. The study produced clear indicators for the design parameters of roadways that influence the safety performance of rural highways.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"98-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48528599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Validity of Open-Source Elevations for Different Topographic Map Scales and Geomatics Applications","authors":"G. Dawod, Ibrahim Ascoura","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of four open-source Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs) and compares them on two topographic profiles (nearly flat, and hills regions) for mapping and geomatics applications. The chief intention is to investigate if GDEMs-based heights, contour intervals, slopes, and topographic profiles are valid for all map scales of topographic mapping, which constitutes a major issue in mapping activities. Two case studies, the Nile delta in Egypt and Makkah city in Saudi Arabia, have been utilized to represent flat and moderate-topography patterns. The investigated GDEMs include the most-recent released models: ASTER v.3, ACE 2, SRTMGL1 v.3, and NASADEM_HGT v.1 released in 2019 and 2020 with spatial resolutions of 1 and 3 arc seconds. Available accurate Ground Control Points (GCP) consist of 540 stations in the Nile delta and 175 stations in Makkah. Based on the available datasets in two study areas, it has been found that the accuracy of investigated GDEMs over known checkpoints ranges from ±2.5 and ±5.1 meters in the Nile delta region, while it varies between ±5.1 and ±8.0 meters in the Makkah area. That indicates that the utilization of GDEMs in topographic mapping differs significantly between flat and hilly spatial regions. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using GDEMs for developing topographic maps of scale 1:25,000 or larger in flat regions and map scale 1:50,000 or larger in hilly regions. Additionally, the accomplished results showed that all GDEM-based slopes do not match with the actual slopes from known GCP over cross section’s length up to 30 kilometers. Thus, it is concluded that GDEMs are not the appropriate heights’ source for topographic mapping at medium and large map scales, and could not be utilized for topographic profiling in precise engineering and geomatics applications.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":"13 1","pages":"148-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47262618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Hazard Evaluation Using Cluster Analysis—For Designated Evacuation Centers of Yokohama","authors":"T. Ochiai, T. Enomoto","doi":"10.4236/JGIS.2021.132013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JGIS.2021.132013","url":null,"abstract":"Hazard \u0000maps are usually prepared for each disaster, including seismic hazard maps, \u0000flood hazard maps, and landslide hazard maps. However, when the general public \u0000attempts to check their own disaster risk, most are likely not aware of the specific \u0000types of disaster. So, first of all, we need to know what kinds of hazards are important. However, the information \u0000that integrates multiple hazards is not well maintained, and there are few such \u0000studies. On the other hand, in Japan, a lot of hazard information is being \u0000released on the Internet. So, we summarized and assessed hazard data that can \u0000be accessed online regarding shelters (where evacuees live during disasters) \u0000and their catchments (areas assigned to each shelter) in Yokohama City, \u0000Kanagawa Prefecture. Based on the results, we investigated whether a grouping \u0000by cluster analysis would allow for multi-hazard assessment. We used four \u0000natural disasters (seismic, flood, tsunami, sediment disaster) and six \u0000parameters of other population and senior population. However, since the \u0000characteristics of the population and the senior population were almost the \u0000same, only population data was used in the final examination. From the cluster \u0000analysis, it was found that it is appropriate to group the designated \u0000evacuation centers in Yokohama City into six groups. In addition, each of the \u0000six groups was found to have explainable \u0000characteristics, confirming the effectiveness of multi-hazard creation \u0000using cluster analysis. For example, we divided, all hazards are low, both \u0000flood and Seismic hazards are high, sediment hazards are high, etc. In many \u0000Japanese cities, disaster prevention measures have been constructed in \u0000consideration of ground hazards, mainly for earthquake disasters. In this \u0000paper, we confirmed the consistency between the evaluation results of the \u0000multi-hazard evaluated here and the existing ground hazard map and examined the \u0000usefulness of the designated evacuation center. Finally, the validity was \u0000confirmed by comparing this result with the ground hazard based on the actual \u0000measurement by the past research. In places where the seismic hazard is large, \u0000the two are consistent with the fact that the easiness of shaking by actual \u0000measurement is also large.","PeriodicalId":68865,"journal":{"name":"地理信息系统(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42291181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}