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Bending Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates and Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles 冻融循环下碳纤维增强聚合物层合板加固钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲性能
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5654
M. Lopez, A. Naaman, R. Till
{"title":"Bending Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates and Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles","authors":"M. Lopez, A. Naaman, R. Till","doi":"10.14359/5654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5654","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-six concrete beams strengthened with glued-on CFRP laminates were tested in bending after being subjected to different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. In order to evaluate a possible deterioration of the interface bond between the concrete and the CFRP laminate, the development length of the glued-on plate was purposely made smaller than the required value. Parameters investigated were: (1) different strengthening systems; (2) precracking of the beams, prior to strengthening; and (3) number of freeze-thaw cycles (0, 100, 200 and 300). For each number of freeze-thaw cycles three control specimens (RC beams with no externally glued-on CFRP laminates) were also tested. It was generally observed that both the moment capacity and the ultimate deflection decreased with an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The rate of decrease was larger for precracked than for non-precracked beams.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90903706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Experimental Investigation on Concrete Confined by Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Comparison with Theoretical Model 纤维增强聚合物约束混凝土的试验研究及与理论模型的比较
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5626
A. Tegola, O. Manni
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Concrete Confined by Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Comparison with Theoretical Model","authors":"A. Tegola, O. Manni","doi":"10.14359/5626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5626","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalently compressed concrete columns can be transversely confined in order to obtain increase in strength and ductility. Generally, two principal methodologies of advanced confinement are used: the \"Wrapping\" technique which consists of wrapped concrete columns using thin carbon or glass flexible straps epoxy-bonded concrete surface; and concrete filled FRP tubes (CFFT) in which the tube is the pour form, protective jacket, confining mechanism, and shear and flexural reinforcement. The proposed model consists of a generalization of the theory of elasticity, i.e. a step by step application of Navier classical relations which define the stress strain laws in states of triaxial stress. The theoretical results are compared with experimental compression tests carried out on ten cylindrical concrete specimens confined with two different typologies of fiber composite tubes.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"4311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91107769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Influence of Time-Temperature-Loading on Carbon Epoxy Reinforcement for Concrete Structures 时间-温度荷载对混凝土结构环氧碳配筋的影响
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5648
E. Ferrier, P. Hamelin
{"title":"Influence of Time-Temperature-Loading on Carbon Epoxy Reinforcement for Concrete Structures","authors":"E. Ferrier, P. Hamelin","doi":"10.14359/5648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5648","url":null,"abstract":"With their high strength and their specific stiffness, composite materials present a significant interest in the conception of bearing structures. The influence of combined effects \"time-temperature-loading\" on composite reinforcement adhesive layer was studied to identify the long-term mechanical behavior of RC beam reinforced with FRP. A set of tests were conducted on reinforced concrete structures with carbon epoxy composites. The tests consist of applying a tensile shear stress during six months to obtain the long-term creep data to carry out thermo-simulated test to assess short-term creep data. The master curves set up with this method predicts with reasonably accuracy the long-term creep test data. The time-temperature superposition method is used to determine several master curves with several levels of shear stress. This method permits an evaluation of the long-term shear stress to apply in the adhesive layer to minimize the creep. The durability of repaired or reinforced structure depends on the adhesive behavior. We have assessed that the identification of the long-term creep can be done with a thermo-simulated test. This test allows setting up the safety factor for any polymer to guarantee the structure durability.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86173809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Reinforced Concrete Cap Beam Strengthening Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites 纤维增强聚合物复合材料加固钢筋混凝土帽梁
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5647
J. O’Connor, H. Hoyos, A. Yannotti, S. Alampalli, Khuong Luu
{"title":"Reinforced Concrete Cap Beam Strengthening Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"J. O’Connor, H. Hoyos, A. Yannotti, S. Alampalli, Khuong Luu","doi":"10.14359/5647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5647","url":null,"abstract":"The New York State Department of Transportation is evaluating the use of innovative materials for bridge repair. One application being investigated is the strengthening of cracked reinforced concrete cap beams using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In-house maintenance crews repaired two piers with FRP as part of a demonstration project with industrial partners to evaluate the benefits. One of two repair systems used is described in detail and is evaluated in terms of additional strength gained, cost effectiveness, ease and speed of installation, impact on traffic flow during repair, and long term durability. For comparison, data from a past project that employed conventional repair techniques are provided. This paper describes the project scope, subsequent repairs using FRP, and long term plans for monitoring.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73733165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Externally Bonded Composites for Strengthening Concrete T- Beam Bridges 混凝土T梁桥加固用外粘结复合材料
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5664
S. Morton
{"title":"Externally Bonded Composites for Strengthening Concrete T- Beam Bridges","authors":"S. Morton","doi":"10.14359/5664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5664","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of laboratory testing of concrete beams and field testing of two concrete T-beam bridges that were externally strengthened with CFRP. As a result of the lab testing all the systems tested showed a considerable increase of 68% for the ultimate strength and 45% decrease in deflection for the beams with 2-#4 reinforcing bars. The beams with 2-#7 reinforcing bars showed a 60% increase in ultimate strength and a 26% decrease in deflection when comparing the loads that produced yielding of the steel in the baseline and the 5 layer test. Both structures were load tested and monitored before and after application of the CFRP with strain gages and LVDTs. The results showed an increase up to 8% in stiffness and up to 15% decrease in strain. In addition to the load test a quality assurance NDT evaluation was performed on the bond using infrared thermography. The results showed typically less than 2% voids between the CFRP and the concrete.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72822129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Retrofitting Method for Reinforced Concrete Structures with Externally Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheets 外预应力碳纤维板加固钢筋混凝土结构的方法
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5669
Zhishen Wu, T. Matsuzaki, K. Yokoyama, T. Kanda
{"title":"Retrofitting Method for Reinforced Concrete Structures with Externally Prestressed Carbon Fiber Sheets","authors":"Zhishen Wu, T. Matsuzaki, K. Yokoyama, T. Kanda","doi":"10.14359/5669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5669","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method to use Carbon Fiber Sheets (CFS) which is prestressed before they are bonded to the concrete surfaces based on the concept of prestressing technique is developed. A prestressing system is first designed to be suitable for strengthening existing concrete structures. An experimental program is carried out to verify the reinforcement effects of beams such as on the improvements of flexural strength, ductility, stiffness and crack resistance. To avoid the debonding failure near the ends upon releasing the pre-tensioned methods and the effects of anchorage treatments are also discussed. An effort is also made to investigate the determination of appropriate prestressing stress level of CFS and structural optimization of reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80358466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Anchorage Design for Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates 外粘接碳纤维增强聚合物层压板的锚固设计
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5660
K. Brosens, D. Gemert
{"title":"Anchorage Design for Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates","authors":"K. Brosens, D. Gemert","doi":"10.14359/5660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5660","url":null,"abstract":"The anchorage of externally bonded reinforcement is extremely important. Due to high shear stress concentrations, premature failure is often is often initiated in the end zones. A non linear model to describe the phenomena at the end of the externally bonded reinforcement has been set up to allow a safe design of the anchoring capacity and the anchorage length. Appropriate safety factors have to be used to take into account the brittle behavior of the system. A series of 24 direct shear tests were performed to verify the assumptions and to check the validity of the model. These test specimens consists of two concrete prisms bonded together with one, two or three layers of CFRP using different bonded lengths and widths.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90058462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
"Edge Effects in Retrofitting of Concrete Beams Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Stripes—Closed-Form, High-Order Theory Approach" 纤维增强聚合物条加固混凝土梁中的边缘效应——闭合高阶理论方法
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5621
O. Rabinovitch, Y. Frostig
{"title":"\"Edge Effects in Retrofitting of Concrete Beams Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Stripes—Closed-Form, High-Order Theory Approach\"","authors":"O. Rabinovitch, Y. Frostig","doi":"10.14359/5621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5621","url":null,"abstract":"A closed-form high-order analytical approach for analysis of concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) stripes, on the tensile faces of the RC beam in positive and negative bending moment regions, is presented. The mode is based on equilibrium and compatibility requirements in and between all constituents of the strengthened beam, i.e. the concrete beam, the FRP stripe, the adhesive layers and the interfaces between the various parts. The governing equations of the mathematical model of the strengthened beam are derived and an analytically closed-form solution is determined. A numerical example of a typical continuous reinforced concrete beam strengthened with externally bonded FRP stripes is discussed with emphasis on the shear and transverse normal (peeling) stress concentrations at the adhesive-concrete and adhesive-FRP interfaces at the edges of the FRP stripes. Results concerning the edge stresses at three characteristic locations that have been determined using the closed-form high-order model are discussed. In the sequel a summary, conclusions, and recommendations for the design of the strengthened beam are presented.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84555386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Strengthening Concrete Masonry with Fiber Reinforced Polymers 纤维增强聚合物加固混凝土砌体
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5699
H. Hamilton, A. Holberg, J. Caspersen, C. Dolan
{"title":"Strengthening Concrete Masonry with Fiber Reinforced Polymers","authors":"H. Hamilton, A. Holberg, J. Caspersen, C. Dolan","doi":"10.14359/5699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5699","url":null,"abstract":"FRP materials such as carbon, aramid, and glass provide a potentially economical means of strengthening unreinforced and under-reinforced masonry. Potential applications include strengthening for a change in occupancy or load-testing; repair of inadequate construction; or possibly as an alternative reinforcing method for new construction. At the University of Wyoming, seven unreinforced concrete masonry walls were tested in out-of-plane flexure with carbon, aramid, and glass tape reinforcing. The initial three walls were tested with carbon tow sheets, laminates, and aramid tapes applied to the exterior surface of the wall. These initial tests indicated that the FRP strengths were well above the strength of the masonry causing shear failures in the unreinforced masonry. In addition, cost comparisons of the strengthening materials indicated that they were cost-prohibitive when compared to traditional strengthening methods. The four remaining walls were strengthened with narrow strips of unidirectional fiberglass fabric applied to the with epoxy. The objective of the second set of tests was to force a tension failure in the FRP rather than a shear or compression failure in the masonry. The failure modes included fracture of the GFRP, combination delamination/fracture, and complete delamination. Tension tests were also conducted on single lengths of the GFRP tape. The tension test was developed to provide a method of predicting the flexural tensile strength of the GFRP tape. Observed and potential failure modes are presented based on test observations along with a discussion of the desirable failure modes for the strengthening system.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83560973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
New Approach for Punching Shear Capacity Prediction of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs 纤维增强聚合物钢筋混凝土平板冲剪承载力预测新方法
玻璃钢 Pub Date : 1999-08-01 DOI: 10.14359/5617
Abdel Wahab El-Ghandour, K. Pilakoutas, P. Waldron
{"title":"New Approach for Punching Shear Capacity Prediction of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs","authors":"Abdel Wahab El-Ghandour, K. Pilakoutas, P. Waldron","doi":"10.14359/5617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5617","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach predicting the punching shear capacity of FRP reinforced concrete flat slabs without shear reinforcement is introduced in the light of the results of an experimental program conducted at the Center for Cement and Concrete of the University of Sheffield. The new approach is found to accurately predict the punching shear capacity of the tested slabs. Verification of this new approach is undertaken through comparisons with other test results ensuring its validity. Comparisons of the new approach with the ACI 318-95 equation calculating the punching shear capacity of reinforced concrete slabs without shear reinforcement show that the current ACI equation is unconservative in case of FRP reinforcement with low reinforcement ratios. A modification is proposed to the current ACI 318-95 code equation for punching shear in order to accommodate low stiffness FRP reinforcement. Comparisons with test results show that the proposed modification of the ACI code equation leads to good predictions.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85669167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
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