Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"An efficient cobalt-catalyzed approach for synthesis of benzoxazoles from 2-aminophenol and aldehydes","authors":"Atul S. Pethe,&nbsp;Vikas D. Kadu,&nbsp;Sakshi M. Birajdar,&nbsp;Prajakta B. Patil","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03213-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03213-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cobalt-catalysed approach has been developed for the synthesis of benzoxazoles under aerobic conditions. The easily available substrates, such as 2-aminophenols and aldehydes, studied for the synthesis of benzoxazole products and afforded with good tolerance of functional groups. The synthesised products were obtained in good yields under additive-free and ligand-free reaction conditions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1149 - 1155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of nitrate removal from drinking water by adsorption using red clay modified with sulfuric acid","authors":"Safiullah Islam,&nbsp;Safiullah Fetrat,&nbsp;Ali Ahmad Mohammadi","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03188-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03188-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elevated nitrate levels (NO₃⁻) in water resources pose significant risks to public health and the environment. This study aims to develop a cost-effective adsorption method for removing NO₃⁻ from drinking water using red clay modified with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The modified adsorbent was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analyses to confirm structural changes. The influence of key operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial nitrate concentration, temperature, and reuse potential, was systematically investigated. Nitrate concentrations were measured using a spectrophotometer at 220 nm, and data analysis was conducted using Design-Expert® and Microsoft Excel. FTIR results confirmed the successful sulfonation of functional groups on the clay surface, enhancing its adsorption capacity. The optimized conditions achieved a maximum nitrate removal efficiency of 81% at pH 4, with 1 g of adsorbent, a 60 min contact time, an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L, and a temperature of 20 °C. Under the same conditions, nitrate removal efficiency in synthetic solutions reached 90%. These findings demonstrate that H₂SO₄-modified red clay is a promising and sustainable adsorbent for nitrate removal from drinking water, with significant potential for practical applications in water treatment systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"955 - 967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of charge transport properties of X-type carbon-based organic semiconductor molecules","authors":"Ziran Chen,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Xudong He,&nbsp;Yuhong Zhang,&nbsp;Wenhao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03214-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03214-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, quantum chemical calculations were performed using the 6–31 + G(d,p) basis set and long-range-corrected functionals (CAM-B3LYP and WB97XD) to optimise the structures and evaluate the charge transfer rates of five X-type carbon-based molecules. These molecules are hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzo[a, d, g, j, m, p]coronene-based systems with azulene rings at the four end corners, with the edge carbon atoms replaced by B–N, B–O, B–S, or C = O groups. The results indicate that all five X-type molecules are quasi-planar, conjugated large π-systems, classifying them as organic semiconductors. The carrier mobility (<i>μ</i>) values calculated using WB97XD are relatively higher, although the trends remain consistent across methods. The B–N hybridised molecule (<b><i>e</i></b>) exhibits the highest hole mobility (<i>μ</i>₊), 1.8 times its electron mobility (<i>μ</i>_<i>-</i>), thus making it a strong candidate for hole transport and suitable for <i>p</i>-type semiconductor applications. Conversely, the B–O hybridised (<b>c</b>) and B–S hybridised (<b><i>d</i></b>) molecules demonstrate electron mobility (<i>μ</i>_<i>-</i>) 2.8 and 4.5 times higher than their hole mobility (<i>μ</i>₊), indicating their suitability as high-performance <i>n</i>-type organic semiconductor materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1139 - 1148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORMOSIL: advanced catalytic application in organic synthesis","authors":"Nancy Jaswal,&nbsp; Aman,&nbsp;Vijay Bahadur,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03217-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03217-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) materials have emerged as highly efficient catalysts in advanced organic synthesis due to their hybrid nature, which combines the structural stability of silica with tunable organic functionalities. Their versatility has driven significant advancements in various catalytic applications. In heterogeneous catalysis, ORMOSIL-based catalysts offer high surface area, stability, and reusability, facilitating efficient interactions with reactants and improving reaction rates and selectivity. Moreover, in acid–base catalysis, functionalization with acidic (e.g., sulfonic acid) or basic (e.g., amine) groups enables transformations such as aldol condensation, esterification, and transesterification with enhanced efficiency and recyclability. Additionally, ORMOSIL plays a crucial role in asymmetric synthesis by serving as a robust support for chiral catalysts, improving enantioselectivity and stability in reactions such as asymmetric hydrogenation. Its porous structure makes it an excellent material for enzyme immobilization, preserving enzymatic activity and promoting sustainable biocatalytic transformations. Furthermore, ORMOSIL-based photocatalysts, often combined with metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, exhibit enhanced light absorption and charge separation, making them highly effective in oxidative and reductive photocatalytic reactions. In electrocatalysis, ORMOSIL enhances catalyst stability and conductivity, facilitating redox reactions in electrochemical organic synthesis, including applications in fuel cells. The integration of ORMOSIL with nanomaterials and other catalytic components has led to the development of multifunctional catalytic systems with superior performance, selectivity, and sustainability. This review provides an in-depth exploration of these advanced catalytic applications, highlighting recent progress and future prospects in ORMOSIL-based catalytic systems for organic synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"931 - 953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel deep eutectic solvent based on oleic acid and betaine hydrochloride for liquid-phase microextraction of Sudan IV from water and food samples","authors":"Mustafa Soylak,&nbsp;Ayşe Nur Çoban,&nbsp;Hassan Elzain Hassan Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03212-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03212-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of oleic acid (OLC) and betaine hydrochloride (BET) was synthesized and applied for the extraction of Sudan IV dye from natural water and food samples using ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (UA-DLPME). In this DES system, OLC acted as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD), while BET served as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). Key analytical parameters, including pH, DES molar ratio, sonication and centrifugation times, and initial and final sample volumes, were studied and optimized. The DES-UA-DLPME method exhibited a rapid and efficient extraction process, achieving equilibrium within 1 min at room temperature. The method demonstrated excellent analytical performance with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.75 and 2.48 µg kg⁻¹ for food samples and 0.914 and 3.047 µg L⁻¹ for water samples, respectively. The method’s preconcentration factor (PF) and enrichment factor (EF) were 40 and 35.8, respectively, with an acceptable analytical recovery (AR) of 87–104% across various matrices. The linear dynamic range (LDR) was 0.1–600 µg L⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>²) of 0.995. The precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was 4.9% (<i>n</i> = 6). Matrix effects were also studied and found to be negligible for the tested natural water and food samples in the recovery range of 87–106%. This DES-UA-DLPME approach offers a green, rapid, and highly effective method for the determination of Sudan IV dye in complex matrices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1125 - 1137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13738-025-03212-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal structure analysis, hirshfield surface study, quantum chemical studies, and molecular docking investigations of a novel Cu(II) complex of 4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine-based ligand","authors":"Wijdene Nbili,&nbsp;Hitler Louis,&nbsp;Chioma B. Ubah,&nbsp;Innocent Benjamin,&nbsp;Chérif Ben Nasr,&nbsp;Kamel Kaabi","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03204-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03204-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At ambient temperature, a novel copper complex with the bridge bidentate ligand 4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine of formula [Cu(C₅H₇N₃O)(H₂O)₃](ClO₄)₂.H₂O (<b>pipClO</b>) has been synthesized and described using elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/Def2-SVP method and in-silico molecular docking approach were utilized to gain insight into the electronic properties and the biological potential of the synthesized compound respectively. Two nitrogen atoms from the organic ligand’s pyrimidine ring and three oxygen atoms from water molecules pentacoordinate the Cu(II) cations in a deformed square pyramid pattern. The 4-amino-6-methoxylpyrimidine ligands and the Cu atom centers connect to form a 1-D corrugated chain that runs along the c-axis direction in the atomic arrangement. Through O–H–O hydrogen bonds, the compound’s various chemical units are joined to form an infinite three-dimensional network. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces. Analysis of binding interactions reveals binding affinity of − 4.2 kcal/mol for the best pose of the binding interaction between pipCIO and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Hemagglutinin protein <b>(</b>Hemagglutinin PA–HA) and − 4.6 kcal/mol between pipClO and Fucose-binding lectin (PA-IIL) which very comparable to the interactions between gentamicin and the proteins (− 4.9 kcal/mol and − -4.3 kcal respectively)<b>.</b></p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1035 - 1048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activity and spectral, magnetic and thermal studies of newer transition metal complexes of hydrazone derived from Dihydralazine and 2-formyl carvacrol","authors":"Chaitu N. Bhoi,&nbsp;Rahul T. Bhoi,&nbsp;Sumit R. Nikume,&nbsp;Rahul D. Patil,&nbsp;Ratnamala S. Bendre","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03206-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03206-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, we report a new series of cobalt(II), copper(II), zinc(II), manganese(II), and iron(II) complexes of hydrazone (<b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>) ligand synthesized from well-known drug molecule Dihydralazine and a 2-formyl derivative of naturally occurring monoterpenoid (carvacrol) by environment friendly method. The hydrazone behaves as a dibasic hexadentate ligand and dinuclear metal complexes with the general composition [M₂L(Cl)m(H₂O)]n (M = Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(II); <i>m</i> = 1–2 and <i>n</i> = 0–4) were obtained by reaction of hydrazone (<b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>) and metal salts (<b>MCl</b>_<b>2</b>) in the presence of methanol as solvent. The nature of bonding and the stereochemistry of the desired complexes have been presumed from ESI–MS, FTIR, UV–Vis, elemental analyses, TGA, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The results revealed that the ligand (<b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>) forms coordination bonds with central metal ions through nitrogens of phthalazine as well as azomethine (–C = N–) groups and phenolic oxygen atoms. The hydrazone base ligand (<b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>), and its metal complexes were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (<b>MDA-MB-231</b>). The anticancer screening results revealed that the compounds <b>H</b>_<b>2</b><b>L</b>, <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>5</b> have good activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1061 - 1071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient oxidation by electro-photocatalysis of Rhodamine B using Ba2SnO4 as photo-electrode","authors":"A. Sahmi,&nbsp;H. Lahmar,&nbsp;M. Benamira,&nbsp;M. Trari","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03208-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03208-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work describes the color removal of Rhodamine B (Rh B), a recalcitrant cationic dye by electrocatalysis and electro-photocatalysis on Ba₂SnO₄ as anode. The double perovskite Ba₂SnO₄ synthesized by nitrate route was characterized by physical and electrochemical methods, a preamble of Rh B oxidation. The single phase, confirmed by X-ray diffraction, crystallizes in a tetragonal (Space Group: I4/mmm), with spherical crystallites (~ 50 nm). The zeta-sizer analysis gives an average grains size of 0.65 µm and zeta-potential of − 20 mV. The SEM analysis revealed the porosity of the oxide and the Ba–O and Sn–O bonds were confirmed by the FT-IR analysis. The direct optical gap (3.18 eV), determined by diffuse reflectance, is assigned to the charge transfer O²⁻: 2<i>p</i> → Sn⁴⁺: 5<i> s</i>, and the double perovskite possesses a chemical inertness in the entire pH region. The Mott–Schottky plot indicates <i>n</i>-type behavior with a flat band potential (<i>E</i>_fb) of − 0.84 <i>V</i>_SCE, due to O²⁻ deficiency and an electron concentration N_D of 1.14 <span>(times)</span> 10¹⁷ cm⁻³. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), plotted at the free potential (+ 0.5 V), reveals the bulk and grain boundaries contributions. The low electrons mobility is assigned to a narrow conduction band of Sn⁴⁺: 5<i> s</i> parentage with activation energy (18 meV) in conformity with a conduction mechanism by small lattice polaron hopping. The intensity-potential <i>J</i>(<i>E</i>) profile in NaCl (10^–2 M) exhibits a small hysteresis similar to a chemical diode. The semi-logarithmic plot (log<i>J</i> – <i>E</i>) indicates a chemical stability of Ba₂SnO₄ in the working solution (NaCl). Ba₂SnO₄ is of interest for the environmental protection and as application, Rh B (20 mg L⁻¹) was successfully oxidized by electrocatalysis with an abatement of 66% under a direct current of 150 mA, which has a bactericidal effect. An enhancement up to 92% has been reached by electro-photocatalysis; a quasi-complete discoloration occurred within 70 min in the “<i>Electric Current-Sunlight-Ba</i>_<i>2</i><i>SnO</i>_<i>4</i>”. The Rh B elimination follows a pseudo-first-order kinetic with a rate constant of 1.96 ± 0.17 × 10^–2 min⁻¹ (<i>t</i>_1/2 = 35 min) and a reaction mechanism is suggested.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1087 - 1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paper-based colorimetric sensor based on graphene oxide/platinum-gold nanocomposites for simultaneous detection of Hg2⁺ and Ag⁺","authors":"Yanping Qu,&nbsp;Ibrahim Yakub,&nbsp;Rubiyah Baini,&nbsp;Yanqiu Qu,&nbsp;Hongcui Li,&nbsp;Lin Lin,&nbsp;Yuchang Wang,&nbsp;Shenxue Wang,&nbsp;Mohamad Hardyman Barawi,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Ma","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03211-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03211-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions in the environment represents a considerable risk to both human health and ecological systems. Current detection methodologies are typically characterized by their complexity, protracted duration, and inability to simultaneously identify these ions. This study introduces an innovative paper-based colorimetric sensor that employs graphene oxide/platinum-coated gold nanoparticles (GO/Pt@AuNPs) composites, marking the first instance of achieving simultaneous, rapid, low-cost, and visually quantifiable detection of Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺. The sensor capitalizes on the peroxidase-like activity of GO/Pt@AuNPs to facilitate the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), resulting in the production of a blue chromophore. The catalytic activity is selectively inhibited by Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ ions, which leads to a decrease in color intensity that is directly proportional to the concentration of the ions. For quantitative analysis, Hg²⁺ was selectively masked using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Experimental findings have indicated detection limits of 0.05 μM for Hg²⁺ and 2.5 μM for Ag⁺, with a detection time of merely 1 min. This method is distinguished by its high selectivity, portability, and capability for naked-eye quantification, rendering it particularly suitable for the rapid on-site detection of Hg²⁺ and Ag⁺ in environmental water, food, and biological samples. This is an effective approach for monitoring pollutants in settings with limited resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1109 - 1124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and simultaneous determination of doxycycline hyclate in veterinary sample","authors":"Hawbir Muhammed Khdir,&nbsp;Bnar Mahmoud Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s13738-025-03210-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13738-025-03210-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple, quick, and accurate derivative spectrophotometric technique was created to determine the individual and simultaneous presence of doxycycline hyclate (DOXH) in veterinary samples. The derivative spectra were analyzed by calculating the derivative values using graphical techniques, which included peak-to-baseline, peak-to-peak, and area under peak. The best relationships between DOXH concentrations and peak amplitudes were observed at 219 nm and 232 nm for 2nd derivative and 226, 239, 267, and 281 nm for 3rd derivative, over the concentration range of 1.0–46 μg/ml for 2nd derivative then 1.0–46 μg/ml for 226, 281 nm and 2.0–46 μg/ml for 239, 267 nm for 3rd derivative. To determine the linear relationship between concentrations and area under peaks, the peak-to-peak area method was applied at certain wavelength intervals for 2nd and 3rd derivatives. The peak area is measured within the wavelength intervals of 213–224 nm and 224–242 nm for the second-order derivative spectra. For the third-order derivative spectra, the peak areas are measured within the following wavelength intervals: 218–233 nm, 233–248 nm, 258–274 nm, and 274–292 nm. It was found that the methods worked well enough, with linearity and LOD values lower than 0.624 and 0.660 μg/mL for figuring out the second- and third-order derivatives of DOXH and 0.287 and 0.951 μg/mL for first-order derivatives simultaneous determination of florfenicol (FF) and DOXH, respectively. The suggested approach was used to determine the amount of doxycycline hyclate in pharmaceutical tablets with a recovery rate of 96.8% to 99.6% with an RSD less than 4.96%. The individual and simultaneous quantification of DOXH in veterinary samples can be accomplished with remarkable effectiveness by using the suggested approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society","volume":"22 5","pages":"1097 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}