Petroleum Exploration and Development最新文献

{"title":"Surrogate model for reservoir performance prediction with time-varying well control based on depth generative network","authors":"Yanchun LI ,&nbsp;Deli JIA ,&nbsp;Suling WANG ,&nbsp;Ruyi QU ,&nbsp;Meixia QIAO ,&nbsp;He LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60541-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60541-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel intelligent method for defining and solving the reservoir performance prediction problem within a manifold space, fully considering geological uncertainty and the characteristics of reservoirs performance under time-varying well control conditions, creating a surrogate model for reservoir performance prediction based on Conditional Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks (CE-GAN). The CE-GAN leverages conditional evolution in the feature space to direct the evolution of the generative network in previously uncontrollable directions, and transforms the problem of reservoir performance prediction into an image evolution problem based on permeability distribution, initial reservoir performance and time-varying well control, thereby enabling fast and accurate reservoir performance prediction under time-varying well control conditions. The experimental results in basic (egg model) and actual water-flooding reservoirs show that the model predictions align well with numerical simulations. In the basic reservoir model validation, the median relative residuals for pressure and oil saturation are 0.5% and 9.0%, respectively. In the actual reservoir model validation, the median relative residuals for both pressure and oil saturation are 4.0%. Regarding time efficiency, the surrogate model after training achieves approximately 160-fold and 280-fold increases in computational speed for the basic and actual reservoir models, respectively, compared with traditional numerical simulations. The reservoir performance prediction surrogate model based on the CE-GAN can effectively enhance the efficiency of production optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1287-1300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution rules of remaining oil by bottom water flooding and potential exploitation strategy in fault- controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs","authors":"Jing WANG ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan XU ,&nbsp;Junyuan LIU ,&nbsp;Jianyu FENG ,&nbsp;Qi WANG ,&nbsp;Yuwei JIAO ,&nbsp;Qi ZHANG ,&nbsp;Huiqing LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60540-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60540-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the tectonic genesis and seismic data of fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs, the typical fractured-vuggy structure features were analyzed. A 3D large-scale visual physical model of “tree-like” fractured-vuggy structure was designed and made. The experiments of bottom-water flooding and multi-media synergistic oil displacement after bottom-water flooding were conducted with different production rates and different well-reservoir configuration relationships. The formation mechanisms and distribution rules of residual oil during bottom-water flooding under such fractured-vuggy structure were revealed. The producing characteristics of residual oil under different production methods after bottom-water flooding were discovered. The results show that the remaining oil in “tree-like” fractured-vuggy structure after bottom-water flooding mainly include the remaining oil of non-well controlled fault zones and the attic remaining oil at the top of well controlled fault zones. There exists obvious water channeling of bottom-water along the fault at high production rate, but intermittent drainage can effectively weaken the interference effect between fault zones to inhibit water channeling. Compared with the vertical well, horizontal well can reduce the difference in flow conductivity between fault zones and show better resistance to water channeling. The closer the horizontal well locates to the upper part of the “canopy”, the higher the oil recovery is at the bottom-water flooding stage. However, comprehensive consideration of the bottom-water flooding and subsequent gas injection development, the total recovery is higher when the horizontal well locates in the middle part of the “canopy” and drills through a large number of fault zones. After bottom water flooding, the effect of gas huff and puff is better than that of gas flooding, and the effect of gas huff and puff with large slug is better than that of small slug. Because such development method can effectively develop the remaining oil of non-well controlled fault zones and the attic remaining oil at the top of well controlled fault zones transversely connected with oil wells, thus greatly improving the oil recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1271-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Tethyan domain evolution on the formation of petroleum systems in the Sichuan super basin, SW China","authors":"Shuyuan SHI ,&nbsp;Wei YANG ,&nbsp;Gang ZHOU ,&nbsp;Hua JIANG ,&nbsp;Hao MENG ,&nbsp;Saijun WU ,&nbsp;Yan ZHANG ,&nbsp;Weihua LU ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhuang BAI","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60534-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60534-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the “unidirectional break-up and convergence” geodynamic model, this study investigates the impact of the evolution of the Tethyan domain on the formation of petroleum systems in the Sichuan super basin and explores the enrichment pattern of natural gas. The results show that, firstly, the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have experienced two unidirectional rifting-aggregation cycles triggered by the Proto-Tethys Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean during the Neoproterozoic to Triassic. During Jurassic–Cenozoic, the Sichuan Basin is incorporated in the circum-Tibetan plateau basin-mountain coupled tectonic domain system. The episodic tectonic movements within the plate control the sedimentary infill styles. Second, the evolution of the Tethyan domain, paleoclimatic environment and major geological events controlled the formation and distribution of high-quality source rocks within the basin. The rift valley and intracratonic rift, passive continental margin slope, and intracratonic sags are favorable areas for the development of source rocks. Third, the evolution of the Tethyan domain, supercontinent cycles, global sea level changes, and tectono-climatic events controlled the distribution of carbonate platform and reservoir-caprock combinations. The cratonic platform margins and sub-platform internal high terrains are key areas for finding carbonate high-energy facies belts. Syndepositional paleo-uplifts and surrounding slopes, regional unconformities, and later faults zone are areas where large-scale carbonate reservoirs are distributed. The regional evaporite or shale caprock are beneficial for the large-scale preservation of oil and gas in the basin. Fourth, the spatio-temporal matching relationship of reservoir forming factors influenced by the early tectonic-sedimentary evolution pattern and the degree of later tectonic modification is the key to oil and gas enrichment. Future oil and gas exploration should focus on potential gas systems during the Sinian rift period, Cambrian pre-salt gas systems in the eastern and southern Sichuan, as well as whole oil and gas systems of Permian and Triassic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1183-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and preliminary application of large language model for reservoir performance analysis","authors":"Huanquan PAN ,&nbsp;Jianqiao LIU ,&nbsp;Bin GONG ,&nbsp;Yiheng ZHU ,&nbsp;Junhui BAI ,&nbsp;Hu HUANG ,&nbsp;Zhengbao FANG ,&nbsp;Hongbin JING ,&nbsp;Chen LIU ,&nbsp;Tie KUANG ,&nbsp;Yubo LAN ,&nbsp;Tianzhi WANG ,&nbsp;Tian XIE ,&nbsp;Mingzhe CHENG ,&nbsp;Bin QIN ,&nbsp;Yujiang SHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60546-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60546-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large language model (LLM) is constructed to address the sophisticated demands of data retrieval and analysis, detailed well profiling, computation of key technical indicators, and the solutions to complex problems in reservoir performance analysis (RPA). The LLM is constructed for RPA scenarios with incremental pre-training, fine-tuning, and functional subsystems coupling. Functional subsystem and efficient coupling methods are proposed based on named entity recognition (NER), tool invocation, and Text-to-SQL construction, all aimed at resolving pivotal challenges in developing the specific application of LLMs for RDA. This study conducted a detailed accuracy test on feature extraction models, tool classification models, data retrieval models and analysis recommendation models. The results indicate that these models have demonstrated good performance in various key aspects of reservoir dynamic analysis. The research takes some injection and production well groups in the PK3 Block of the Daqing Oilfield as an example for testing. Testing results show that our model has significant potential and practical value in assisting reservoir engineers with RDA. The research results provide a powerful support to the application of LLM in reservoir performance analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1357-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic simulation of differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superimposed basin: A case study of Lower Paleozoic petroleum system of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China","authors":"Bin LI ,&nbsp;Li ZHONG ,&nbsp;Haitao LYU ,&nbsp;Suju YANG ,&nbsp;Qinqi XU ,&nbsp;Xin ZHANG ,&nbsp;Binsong ZHENG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60536-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60536-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the complex differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superposition basins, the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin is selected as a typical case, and the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, migration and accumulation, adjustment and transformation of deep oil and gas is restored by means of reservoine-forming dynamics simulation. The thermal evolution history of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tahe Oilfield reflects the obvious differences in hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process and intensity in different tectonic zones, which is the main reason controlling the differences in deep oil and gas phases. The complex transport system composed of strike-slip fault and unconformity, etc. controlled early migration and accumulation and late adjustment of deep oil and gas, while the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt rock in inner carbonate platform prevented vertical migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas, resulting in an obvious “fault-controlled” feature of deep oil and gas, in which the low potential area superimposed by the NE-strike-slip fault zone and deep oil and gas migration was conducive to accumulation, and it is mainly beaded along the strike-slip fault zone in the northeast direction. The dynamic simulation of reservoir formation reveals that the spatio-temporal configuration of “source-fault-fracture-gypsum-preservation” controls the differential accumulation of deep oil and gas in Tahe Oilfield. The Ordovician has experienced the accumulation history of multiple periods of charging, vertical migration and accumulation, and lateral adjustment and transformation, and deep oil and gas have always been in the dynamic equilibrium of migration, accumulation and escape. The statistics of residual oil and gas show that the deep stratum of Tahe Oilfield still has exploration and development potential in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation, and the Middle and Upper Cambrian ultra-deep stratum has a certain oil and gas resource prospect. This study provides a reference for the dynamic quantitative evaluation of deep oil and gas in the Tarim Basin, and also provides a reference for the study of reservoir formation and evolution in carbonate reservoir of paleo-craton basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1217-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic mechanism and petroleum geological significance of calcite veins in organic-rich shales of lacustrine basin: A case study of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin, China","authors":"Wenyuan HE ,&nbsp;Ningliang SUN ,&nbsp;Jinyou ZHANG ,&nbsp;Jianhua ZHONG ,&nbsp;Jianbo GAO ,&nbsp;Pengpeng SHENG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60527-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60527-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the observation and analysis of cores and thin sections, and combined with cathodoluminescence, laser Raman, fluid inclusions, and in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, the genetic mechanism and petroleum geological significance of calcite veins in shales of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin were investigated. Macroscopically, the calcite veins are bedding parallel, and show lenticular, S-shaped, cone-in-cone and pinnate structures. Microscopically, they can be divided into syntaxial blocky or columnar calcite veins and antitaxial fibrous calcite veins. The aqueous fluid inclusions in blocky calcite veins have a homogenization temperature of 132.5–145.1 °C, the in-situ U-Pb dating age of blocky calcite veins is (69.9±5.2) Ma, suggesting that the middle maturity period of source rocks and the conventional oil formation period in the Qingshankou Formation are the sedimentary period of Mingshui Formation in Late Cretaceous. The aqueous fluid inclusions in fibrous calcite veins with the homogenization temperature of 141.2–157.4 °C, yields the U-Pb age of (44.7±6.9) Ma, indicating that the middle-high maturity period of source rocks and the Gulong shale oil formation period in the Qingshankou Formation are the sedimentary period of Paleocene Yi'an Formaiton. The syntaxial blocky or columnar calcite veins were formed sensitively to the diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation, mainly in three stages (fracture opening, vein-forming fluid filling, and vein growth). Tectonic extrusion activities and fluid overpressure are induction factors for the formation of fractures, and vein-forming fluid flows mainly as diffusion in a short distance. These veins generally follow a competitive growth mode. The antitaxial fibrous calcite veins were formed under the driving of the force of crystallization in a non-competitive growth environment. It is considered that the calcite veins in organic-rich shale of the Qingshankou Formation in the study area has important implications for local tectonic activities, fluid overpressure, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and diagenesis-hydrocarbon accumulation dating of the Songliao Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1083-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration breakthrough and factors for enrichment and high-yield of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep clastic rocks in Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin, NW China","authors":"Xi WU,&nbsp;Yuanpeng SHI,&nbsp;Shuguang CHEN,&nbsp;Han WU,&nbsp;Jun CAI,&nbsp;Weining DAN,&nbsp;Xiheng LIU,&nbsp;Xiaokun WANG,&nbsp;Ximeng ZHANG,&nbsp;Jianli ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60529-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60529-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on drilling and logging data, as well as geological experiments, the geological characteristics and factors controlling high-yield and enrichment of hydrocarbons in ultra-deep clastic rocks in the Linhe Depression, Hetao Basin, are studied. The results are obtained in four aspects. First, the inland saline lacustrine high-quality source rocks developed in the Paleogene in the Linhe Depression have the characteristics of early maturity, early expulsion, high hydrocarbon yield, and continuous and efficient hydrocarbon generation, providing an important resource basis for the formation of ultra-high pressure and high-yield reservoirs. Second, the weak compaction, early charging, and weak cementation for pore-preserving, together with the ultra-high pressure for pore-preserving and fracture expansion to improve the permeability, leads to the development of high-quality reservoirs with medium porosity (greater than 15%) and medium permeability (up to 226×10⁻³ μm²) in the ultra-deep strata (deeper than 6 500 m), which represents a greatly expanded space for oil and gas exploration. Third, the Linhe Formation adjacent to the trough exhibits a low net-to-gross (NTG) and good reservoir-caprock assemblage, and it is overlaid by very thick high-quality mudstone caprock, which are conducive to the continuous and efficient hydrocarbon generation and pressurization and the formation of ultra-high pressure oil and gas reservoirs. Fourth, the most favorable targets for ultra-deep exploration are the zones adjacent to the hydrocarbon generating center of the Paleogene Linhe Formation and with good tectonic setting and structural traps, mainly including the Xinglong faulted structural zone and the Nalinhu faulted buried-hill zone. The significant breakthrough of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Linhe Depression reveals the good potential of ultra-deep clastic rocks in this area, and provides valuable reference for oil and gas exploration of ultra-deep clastic rocks in other areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1109-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectono-sedimentary evolution and oil-gas geological significance of first to third member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China","authors":"Shoukang ZHONG ,&nbsp;Xiucheng TAN ,&nbsp;Liubin WEI ,&nbsp;Jie XU ,&nbsp;Qianping WANG ,&nbsp;Ying XIONG ,&nbsp;Chunying WU ,&nbsp;Jiansheng DU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60535-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60535-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on logging, core, thin section and geochemical analysis, the tectonic-lithofacies paleogeographic pattern of first member to third member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation (O₁m₁–O₁m₃ for short) in Ordos Basin is reconstructed, and the tectono-sedimentary evolution characteristics and oil-gas geological significance are discussed. The results are obtained in four aspects. First, a set of marginal argillaceous dolomites with high gamma ray value developed steadily and diachronously at the bottom of Majiagou Formation, which distributed over the Huaiyuan Movement unconformity, with <em>δ</em>¹³C values positive drift characteristics comparable to global transgression of the Early Ordovician Floplian. Second, the global sea level rose and the ancient land was submerged into the underwater uplift in O₁m₁ to O₁m₂, and the central uplift was deposited for the first time in the Ordovician, forming a tectonic pattern of “one uplift and two depressions”. Subsequently, the subduction and extrusion outside the basin and the differentiation of uplift and depression in the basin of O₁m₃ resulted in the activation of the Wushenqi–Jingbian bulge. Third, the evolution of the tectonic pattern had a significant impact on the sedimentary paleoenvironment. The O₁m₁ overlaps westward, and saline lagoon is formed in eastern depression and influenced by the transgression. The transgression continued in O₁m₂ and resulted in communication with the wide sea, and the large-scale grain shoal developed around eastern depression, and the late dry shrinkage formed a small scale evaporite lagoon in upper part. Under the influence of highland sealing in O₁m₃, the water body gradually differentiated into dolomitic gypsum and saline lagoons to the east, and the grain shoal spread along the highs around sag. Fourth, the source rocks developed diachronously at the bottom of Majiagou Formation form a favorable source-reservoir assemblage with the shoal facies reservoir distributed around the slope of O₁m₂–O₁m₃, and they have certain exploration potential for natural gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1202-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation sequence and exploration domain of continental whole petroleum system in Sichuan Basin, SW China","authors":"Long WEN ,&nbsp;Benjian ZHANG ,&nbsp;Zhimin JIN ,&nbsp;Changjiang WU ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan WANG ,&nbsp;Yuchao QIU ,&nbsp;Zijian WANG ,&nbsp;Yong LI ,&nbsp;Dongxia CHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60532-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60532-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the oil and gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin, combined with data such as seismic, logging and geochemistry, the basic geological conditions, hydrocarbon types, hydrocarbon distribution characteristics, source- reservoir relationship and accumulation model of the Upper Triassic–Jurassic continental whole petroleum system in the basin are systematically analyzed. The continental whole petroleum system in the Sichuan Basin develops multiple sets of gas-bearing strata, forming a whole petroleum system centered on the Triassic Xujiahe Formation source rocks. The thick and high-quality source rocks in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation provide sufficient gas source basis for the continental whole petroleum system in the basin. The development of conventional-unconventional reservoirs provides favorable space for hydrocarbon accumulation. The coupling of faults and sandbodies provides a high-quality transport system for gas migration. Source rocks and reservoirs are overlapped vertically, and there are obvious differences in sedimentary environment, reservoir lithology and physical properties, which lead to the orderly development of inner-source shale gas, near-source tight gas, and far-source tight–conventional gas in the Upper Triassic–Jurassic, from bottom to top. The orderly change of geological conditions such as burial depth, reservoir physical properties, formation pressure and hydrocarbon generation intensity in zones controlled the formation of the whole petroleum system consisting of structural gas reservoir in thrust zone, shale gas-tight gas reservoir in depression zone, tight gas reservoir in slope zone, and tight gas–conventional gas reservoir in uplift zone on the plane. Based on the theory and concept of the whole petroleum system, the continental shale gas and tight gas resources in the Sichuan Basin have great potential, especially in the central and western parts with abundant unconventional resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1151-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The law of fracture propagation and intersection in zipper fracturing of deep shale gas wells","authors":"Qiang WANG ,&nbsp;Yufeng WANG ,&nbsp;Yongquan HU ,&nbsp;Jinzhou ZHAO ,&nbsp;Yi SONG ,&nbsp;Cheng SHEN","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60543-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60543-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the unclear understanding of fracture propagation and intersection interference in zipper fracturing under the factory development model of deep shale gas wells, a coupled hydro-mechanical model for zipper fracturing considering the influence of natural fracture zones was established based on the finite element – discrete element method. The reliability of the model was verified using experimental data and field monitoring pressure increase data. Taking the deep shale gas reservoir in southern Sichuan as an example, the propagation and interference laws of fracturing fractures under the influence of natural fracture zones with different characteristics were studied. The results show that the large approaching angle fracture zone has a blocking effect on the forward propagation of fracturing fractures and the intersection of inter well fractures. During pump shutdown, hydraulic fractures exhibit continued expansion behavior under net pressure driving. Under high stress difference, as the approaching angle of the fracture zone increases, the response well pressure increase and the total length of the fractured fracture show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and first increasing and then decreasing, respectively. Compared to small approach angle fracture zones, natural fracture zones with large approach angles require longer time and have greater difficulty to intersect. The width of fractures and the length of natural fractures are negatively and positively correlated with the response well pressure increase, respectively, and positively and negatively correlated with the time required for intersection, the total length of hydraulic fractures, and fracturing efficiency, respectively. As the displacement distance of the well increases, the probability of fracture intersection decreases, but the regularity between displacement distance and the response well pressure increase and the total length of fractures is not obvious.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 5","pages":"Pages 1316-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}