Petroleum Exploration and Development最新文献

{"title":"Global oil and gas development situation, trends and enlightenment in 2023","authors":"Zuoqian WANG ,&nbsp;Zhe FAN ,&nbsp;Xi CHEN ,&nbsp;Yong LI ,&nbsp;Zifei FAN ,&nbsp;Qing WEI ,&nbsp;Yun PENG ,&nbsp;Baolei LIU ,&nbsp;Wenting YUE ,&nbsp;Xi WANG ,&nbsp;Liang XIONG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60558-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60558-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analysis of four aspects, including the distribution and production of global oil and gas fields, the distribution and changes of remaining recoverable reserves, the differences in oil and gas production between regions/countries, and the development potentials of oil and gas fields unproduced and to be produced in 2023. On this basis, the situation and characteristics of global oil and gas development are expounded, and the trend of global oil and gas development is summarized. In 2023, upstream oil and gas production landscape is expanding, and the number of oil and gas fields in production is increasing significantly; oil and gas recoverable reserves increased year-on-year, driven by significant contributions from new discoveries and reserve re-estimates; the overall oil and gas production grew continuously, with notable contributions from new projects coming online and capacity expansion efforts; and the oil and gas fields unproduced or to be produced, especially large onshore conventional oil fields and economically challenging offshore gas fields, host abundant recoverable reserves. From the perspectives of reshaping oil and gas production areas due to the pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflicts, geopolitical crises, capital expenditure structures in petroleum exploration and development, and the proactive layout of oil and gas associated resources, the trend of global oil and gas development in 2023 was analyzed systematically. The enlightenment and suggestions in four aspects are proposed for Chinese oil companies to focus on core businesses and clarify development strategies in the post-pandemic era and the context of energy transition: The global oil and gas landscape is undergoing profound adjustments, and it is essential to grasp development trends, especially in core businesses; upstream business exhibits a strong potential, and emerging fields are considered as new growth poles; the prospects for tight/shale oil and gas are promising, and new pathways to ensure national energy security are explored; cutting-edge breakthroughs are achieved in emerging industries of strategic importance, and a comprehensive energy collaboration system for supply security is established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1536-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the current status of global oil, gas, and associated resources exploration in 2023","authors":"Zhixin WEN,&nbsp;Jianjun WANG,&nbsp;Zhaoming WANG,&nbsp;Zhengjun HE,&nbsp;Chengpeng SONG,&nbsp;Ruiyin CHEN,&nbsp;Xiaobing LIU,&nbsp;Tianyu JI,&nbsp;Zuxin LI","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60553-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60553-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on commercial databases from S&amp;P Global and Rystad Energy and public information from oil companies around the world, a systematic analysis has been conducted on the global hydrocarbon exploration investment, award of exploration blocks, exploratory drilling, new conventional oil and gas discoveries, and exploration of associated resources in 2023. In 2023, the global hydrocarbon exploration investment increased steadily and the total number and area of awarded exploration blocks increased significantly. The decline in the number and success rate of high-impact exploration wells directly affected the quantity of additional oil and gas reserves discovered globally in 2023. In recent years, the deepwater areas of passive margin basins have been the major targets for seeking medium- and large-sized conventional oil and gas fields. In 2023, however, the newly discovered onshore reserves were equivalent to the newly discovered offshore reserves, and fine exploration in mature blocks achieved significant results. Oil companies continued to plan and perform unconventional oil and gas exploration activities and accelerated access to associated mineral resources such as natural hydrogen and helium and other emerging industries. For Chinese oil companies international exploration business, it is recommended to: (1) continue the upstream investment to strengthen upstream services for consolidating the strategic position of oil and gas resources; (2) uphold oil and gas exploration activities by further deploying exploration activities in the deepwater areas of passive margin basins, deeply exploring mature basins, closely following hotspot basins, and gaining access to frontier basins; (3) follow the principle of integrated development to plan the exploration of associated resources while exploiting conventional and unconventional resources; and (4) make technological innovations to develop and improve core technologies and promote the application of artificial intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1465-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progresses in geological theory and key exploration areas of coal-formed gas in China","authors":"Zhe ZHAO,&nbsp;Wei YANG,&nbsp;Zhenyu ZHAO,&nbsp;Wanglin XU,&nbsp;Deyu GONG,&nbsp;Hui JIN,&nbsp;Wei SONG,&nbsp;Gang LIU,&nbsp;Chunlin ZHANG,&nbsp;Shipeng HUANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60551-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60551-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the research progress of the geological theory of coal-formed gas, the contributions of coal-formed gas to the natural gas reserves and production in China and to the development of natural gas in major gas-producing basins are analyzed, and the key favorable exploration zones for coal-formed gas in China are comprehensively evaluated. The following results are obtained. First, coal measures are good gas source rocks, and hydrocarbon generation from coal measure was dominated by gas, followed by oil. Second, a natural gas genetic identification index system based on stable isotopes, light hydrocarbon components, and biomarkers is established. Third, the quantitative and semi-quantitative factors controlling the formation of large gas fields, represented by the indicator of gas generation intensity greater than 20×10⁸ m³/km², are identified to guide the discovery of large gas fields in China. Fourth, coal-formed gas is the major contributor to the current natural gas reserves and production of China, both accounting for over 55%. The high proportion of coal-formed gas has enabled the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos basins to be the major gas production areas in China. Fifth, coal rock gas is an important field for future exploration of coal-formed gas, and key zones include the Carboniferous Benxi Formation (Fm) in the Wushenqi-Mizhi area of the Ordos Basin, the Permian Longtan Fm in central-southern Sichuan Basin, the Jurassic Xishanyao Fm in the southern margin and Luliang uplift of the Junggar Basin. Sixth, tight gas is the main area for increasing reserves and production, and the favorable exploration zones include the Carboniferous–Permian in southern Ordos Basin and the Bohai Bay Basin, and the Triassic Xujiahe Fm in the transition zone between central and western Sichuan Basin. Seventh, the Jurassic in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin is a key favorable exploration zone for subsequent investigation of conventional coal-formed gas. These insights have valuable theoretical and practical significance for further developing and improving the theory of coal-formed gas, and guiding the exploration of coal-formed gas fields in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1435-1450"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and trends of non-marine shale sedimentology: A case study from Gulong Shale of Daqing Oilfield, Songliao Basin, NE China","authors":"Longde SUN ,&nbsp;Rukai ZHU ,&nbsp;Tianshu ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yi CAI ,&nbsp;Zihui FENG ,&nbsp;Bin BAI ,&nbsp;Hang JIANG ,&nbsp;Bo WANG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60547-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60547-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study took the Gulong Shale in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Songliao Basin, NE China, as an example. Through paleolake-level reconstruction and comprehensive analyses on types of lamina, vertical associations of lithofacies, as well as stages and controlling factors of sedimentary evolution, the cyclic changes of waters, paleoclimate, and continental clastic supply intensity in the lake basin during the deposition of the Qingshankou Formation were discussed. The impacts of lithofacies compositions/structures on oil-bearing property, the relation between reservoir performance and lithofacies compositions/structures, the differences of lithofacies in mechanical properties, and the shale oil occurrence and movability in different lithofacies were investigated. The insights of this study provide a significant guideline for evaluation of shale oil enrichment layers/zones. The non-marine shale sedimentology is expected to evolve into an interdisciplinary science on the basis of sedimentary petrology and petroleum geology, which reveals the physical, chemical and biological actions, and the distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of minerals, organic matter, pores, fluid, and phases, in the transportation, sedimentation, water-rock interaction, diagenesis and evolution processes. Such research will focus on eight aspects: lithofacies and organic matter distribution prediction under a sequence stratigraphic framework for non-marine shale strata; lithofacies paleogeography of shale strata based on the forward modeling of sedimentation; origins of non-marine shale lamina and log-based identification of lamina combinations; source of organic matter in shale and its enrichment process; non-marine shale lithofacies classification by rigid particles + plastic components + pore-fracture system; multi-field coupling organic-inorganic interaction mechanism in shale diagenesis; new methods and intelligent core technology for shale reservoir multi-scale characterization; and quantitative evaluation and intelligent analysis system of shale reservoir heterogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1367-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connotation and research strategy of the whole petroleum system","authors":"Yan SONG ,&nbsp;Chengzao JIA ,&nbsp;Lin JIANG ,&nbsp;Xingzhi MA ,&nbsp;Xindi SHAO","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60548-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60548-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional petroleum system theories emphasize the restoration of the accumulation process from “source” to “trap”. The main oil and gas resources in the concept are conventional oil and gas, lacking the concept and research of unconventional oil and gas enrichment mechanism. The whole petroleum system is developed from the traditional petroleum system. Combined with unconventional oil and gas exploration practices and discoveries such as shale oil and gas, the whole petroleum system adds the research content of unconventional oil and gas. Although the study of the whole petroleum system is still in three aspects: geological elements, dynamic evolution and oil and gas distribution, its research ideas and research contents are very different, including the following three aspects. (1) In terms of geological elements, the traditional petroleum system studies the characteristics of source rocks and hydrocarbon generation evolution, and the reservoir properties, traps, migration and preservation conditions of conventional oil and gas. On the basis of the above research, the whole petroleum system has increased the quantitative evaluation of retained hydrocarbons, unconventional reservoir characterization, source reservoir configuration and other research contents. (2) In terms of dynamic evolution, the petroleum system studies the matching between the evolution of conventional oil and gas source rocks and the formation period of traps, while the whole petroleum system has increased the research content of the matching of unconventional reservoir densification and oil and gas charging, and the later transformation of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. (3) In terms of oil and gas distribution, the petroleum system takes buoyancy-drived accumulation mechanism as the core to study the migration, accumulation and distribution of conventional oil and gas. The whole petroleum system adds unconventional oil and gas self-sealing accumulation mechanism and conventional-unconventional oil and gas distribution sequence, so as to determine the oil and gas distribution characteristics of the whole petroleum system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1386-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model construction and implementation of Ordos Energy Super Basin, NW China","authors":"Ailin JIA,&nbsp;Fangxuan CHEN,&nbsp;Naichao FENG,&nbsp;Dewei MENG,&nbsp;Shuai ZHENG","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60565-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60565-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking the Ordos Basin as an example, this paper proposed that the construction of an energy super basin should follow the principle of “more energy, less carbon, and better energy structure”. The modeling workflow of energy super basin was built. Based on the resources/reserves, development status and infrastructures of the Ordos Basin, the development potential of the basin was evaluated, the uncertainties in the construction of energy super basin were analyzed, and the future vision and realization path of the Ordos Energy Super Basin were recommended. This study demonstrates that the Ordos Basin has the advantages of abundant energy sources, perfect infrastructures, well-matched carbon source and sink, small population density, and proximity to the energy consumption areas. These characteristics ensure that the Ordos Basin is a good candidate of the energy super basin. It is expected that the energy supply of the Ordos Basin in 2050 will reach 23×10⁸ t of standard coal, and the proportion of fossil fuels in energy supply will decrease to 41%. The carbon emissions will decrease by 20×10⁸ t compared to the emissions in 2023. The future construction of the basin should focus on the generation and storage of renewable energy, and technological breakthroughs for the carbon capture, utilization and storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1628-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear seepage model of hydraulic fracturing assisted oil displacement coupled with effects of high-pressure reduced adsorption: A case study of low and medium permeability reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield, NE China","authors":"Fengjiao WANG ,&nbsp;He XU ,&nbsp;Yikun LIU ,&nbsp;Xianghao MENG ,&nbsp;Lyuchaofan LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60560-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60560-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the adsorption loss of the hydraulic fracturing assisted oil displacement (HFAD) agent in the matrix, a method is proposed to characterize the dynamic saturation adsorption capacity of the HFAD agent with pressure differential and permeability. Coupled with the viscosity-concentration relationship of the HFAD agent, a non-linear seepage model of HFAD was established, taking into account the adsorption effect of high pressure drops, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The findings indicate that the replenishment of formation energy associated with HFAD technology is predominantly influenced by matrix permeability, fracture length and the initial concentration of the HFAD agent. The effect of replenishment of formation energy is positively correlated with matrix permeability and fracture length, and negatively correlated with the initial concentration of the HFAD agent. The initial concentration and injection amount of the high-pressure HFAD agent can enhance the concentration of the HFAD agent in the matrix and improve the efficiency of oil washing. However, a longer fracture is not conducive to maintaining the high concentration of the HFAD agent in the matrix. Furthermore, the fracture length and pump displacement are the direct factors affecting the fluid flow velocity in the matrix subsequent to HFAD. These factors can be utilized to control the location of the displacement phase front, and thus affect the swept area of HFAD. A reasonable selection of the aforementioned parameters can effectively supplement the formation energy, expand the swept volume of the HFAD agent, improve the recovery efficiency of HFAD, and reduce the development cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1564-1573"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and hydrocarbon geological significances of paleo-bay in the fourth member of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation, western Sichuan Basin, SW China","authors":"Jinmin SONG ,&nbsp;Shugen LIU ,&nbsp;Zhiwu LI ,&nbsp;Shun XIA ,&nbsp;Yuxiang FENG ,&nbsp;Di YANG ,&nbsp;Yuehao YE ,&nbsp;Xingpeng SHAO ,&nbsp;Bin WANG ,&nbsp;Jiarui WANG ,&nbsp;Xin JIN ,&nbsp;Shan REN ,&nbsp;Shaohai YANG ,&nbsp;Ping LUO","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60555-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60555-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depositional facies types of the fourth member of the Middle Triassic Leokoupo Formation (Lei-4 Member) in western Sichuan Basin are examined through the methods of sedimentology, lithology and analysis of well-logging data, as well as the special lithofacies indicators such as microbialite, gypsum-salt rock and tempestites, using the data of about 400 wells and 11 outcrop sections. The distribution and evolution and its hydrocarbon geological significances of the bay facies have been discussed. The Lei-4 Member in western Sichuan Basin has an ocean–bay–flat depositional model, with the presence of evaporated tidal flat, restricted tidal flat and paleo-bay facies from east to west. The subfacies such as bay margin, subtidal bay and bay slope are recognized within the paleo-bay, with microbial reef and grain bank microfacies in the bay margin, microbial flat, deep-water spongy reef and hydrostatic mudstone microfacies in the subtidal bay, and tempestites and collapsed deposits in the upper bay slope. The bay boundary covered the Guangyuan-Zitong-Dujiangyan area in the period of the first submember of the Lei-4 Member (Lei-4-1) with falling sea level, regressed westward into the Shangsi-Jiangyou-Dujiangyan area in the period of Lei-4-2, and expanded to the Shangsi-Zitong-Langzhong- Wusheng-Yanting-Chengdu area in the northern part of central Sichuan Basin in the period of Lei-4-3 along with a small-scale transgression. The topographic pattern of “one high and two lows” is confirmed in the Lei-4 Member, corresponding to a configuration of source rocks and reservoir rocks alternated horizontally and superimposed vertically. Two efficient source-reservoir configuration models, i.e. side source &amp; side reservoir, and self-generating &amp; self-storing, are available with the microbial reef and grain bank reservoirs at the bay margin and the high-quality source rocks within the sags on both sides of the bay. The research findings will inevitably open up a new situation for the hydrocarbon exploration in the Leikoupo Formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1492-1506"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery and geological significance of black carbon in Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin and its influences on source rock evaluation, NW China","authors":"Jingwei CUI ,&nbsp;Rukai ZHU ,&nbsp;Yang LI ,&nbsp;Zhongyi ZHANG ,&nbsp;Guanglin LIU ,&nbsp;Yalin QI ,&nbsp;Xiao HUI","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60554-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60554-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through investigating the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, black carbon has been found for the first time in the seventh member of the Middle Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 Member). This study suggests that the oxygen content in the East Tethys during the Middle Triassic was beyond 15% and that plants had recovered from the Late Permian mass extinction. The results show that the distribution of black carbon in the Chang 7 Member is heterogeneous in the basin. In the southeastern part, the black carbon content is the highest (possibly higher than 6%) in shale, with the proportion in total organic carbon content (TOC) up to 20%, which is lower than 10% in the northwestern and northeastern parts. The traditional practice needs to be re-evaluated when using TOC as a critical index in source rock evaluation and shale oil and gas sweet spot screening. Shale with high TOC may not necessarily be effective source rocks and or attractive targets for unconventional oil and gas exploitation, whereas those with low TOC could potentially be effective or high-quality source rocks. The TOC in shale can be divided into mass fractions of black carbon (<em>w</em>_b), active carbon (<em>w</em>_a), residual carbon (<em>w</em>_r), and carbon from mature shale oil (<em>w</em>_o). TOC-<em>w</em>_b is recommended for evaluation of source rock, <em>w</em>_a for screening the in-situ recovery area of low to medium maturity shale oil, and <em>w</em>_o for appraisal of the favorable exploration area of medium to high mature shale oil. These results allow for the quantitative evaluation of organic matter composition of shale, hydrocarbon generation potential, maturation stage, and generation, expulsion and retention of shale oil, and also guide the reconstruction of climate in the source rock development period and the shale oil and gas sweet spot screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1480-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments on thermal miscible rules of different gas media and crude oil","authors":"Changfeng XI ,&nbsp;Fang ZHAO ,&nbsp;Bojun WANG ,&nbsp;Tong LIU ,&nbsp;Zongyao QI ,&nbsp;Peng LIU","doi":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60559-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1876-3804(25)60559-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high temperature and high pressure visualization pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments of different gas media-crude oil were carried using the interface disappearance method. There are two miscible temperature domains in the miscibility of CO₂-crude oil during heating process under constant pressure. Under the experiment pressure of 15 MPa, when the temperature is less than 140 °C, the miscible zone shows liquid phase characteristics, and increasing the temperature inhibits the miscible process; when the temperature is greater than 230 °C, the miscible zone tends to show gas phase characteristics, and increasing the temperature is conducive to the miscibility formation. Under a certain pressure, with the increase of temperature, the miscibility of flue gas, nitrogen and crude oil is realized. When the temperature is low, the effect of CO₂ on promoting miscibility is obvious, and the order of miscible temperature of gas medium and crude oil is N₂ &gt; flue gas &gt; CO₂; however, when the temperature is high, the effect of CO₂ on promoting miscibility gradually decreases, and the miscible temperature of N₂ and crude oil is close to that of flue gas. The miscibility is dominated by the distillation and volatilization of light components of crude oil. There are many light hydrocarbon components in the gas phase at phase equilibrium, and the miscible zone is characterized by gas phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":67426,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Exploration and Development","volume":"51 6","pages":"Pages 1556-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}