Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing the Energy Surfaces of Competing Pathways in Gas-Phase Charge Inversion Ion/Ion Reactions Involving Cationized Lipids and Anionic Diacids","authors":"Yingchan Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jonathan T. Specker,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pratiksha B. Gaikwad,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Boone M. Prentice*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00123","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00123","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Accurate structural identification of lipids in mass spectrometry is essential for advancing lipidomics and achieving a holistic understanding of complex cellular systems. Gas-phase charge inversion ion/ion reactions, which allow for alteration of the ion type before dissociation, have been shown to improve lipid identification. The products observed from these reactions arise from competing and consecutive pathways, but limited studies have been performed to characterize the mechanisms of these interactions. Specifically, we have used a charge inversion ion/ion reaction between 1,4-phenylenedipropionic acid (PDPA) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) to provide structural information on fatty acyl <i>sn</i>-positions and enable separation of isobaric and isomeric lipids. Upon reaction with PDPA, [PC + H]⁺, [PC + Na]⁺, and [PC + K]⁺ analyte ion types each demonstrate differences in partitioning between two major product ion channels: successful lipid charge inversion resulting in a demethylated lipid anion, which can then be subjected to collision induced dissociation (CID) to reveal fatty acyl <i>sn</i>-positions, and single-particle transfer from PC to PDPA resulting in a neutral lipid and charge reduced PDPA, which provides no information on the lipid structure. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to characterize relevant potential energy barriers for the competing processes, which enables insights into the factors that affect the relative product ion partitioning. These calculations provided detailed insights into the structural dynamics and potential energy barriers associated with proton transfer, methyl group migration, and other competing interactions. Our results revealed that specific transition states differ significantly depending on the ion type and reaction environment, suggesting that the energetic landscape of these processes is influenced by both the size and the coordination state of the cation. Understanding the roles of the energy barriers in these competing reaction processes within the ion–ion reaction complex is crucial to increasing reaction efficiency and designing next-generation reagents to enable improved lipid structural elucidation by gas-phase reactions. This research provides a fundamental perspective of ion/ion reaction mechanisms and illustrates the importance of the ion type and ion structure on product ion partitioning. This deeper mechanistic understanding highlights the nuanced balance between thermodynamics and kinetics in determining product distribution, and these factors can be used to intelligently select new reagents to precisely tune and control desired reaction products.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2103–2116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Rapid Regulatory Differentiation of TNF Receptor 2-Fc Fusion Protein Products from Various Manufacturers in the Chinese Market Using a Novel Mass Spectrometry-Based Multi-attribute Method (MAM)","authors":"Mengjiao Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mingming Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dan Mao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chunguang Zheng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wei Yu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qingcheng Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhixin Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tianyu Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yule Ren,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weifan Zhu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Huangzhen Zhuang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Pan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fugui Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinxin Fang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shanshan Dong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lankun Song,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aiying Nie,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lusha Ji,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weizhu Qian,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sheng Hou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yajun Guo*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jin Xu*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hong Shao*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Huaizu Guo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00085","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical products, particularly for complex recombinant protein drugs such as TNF receptor 2-Fc fusion proteins (TNFR2-Fc, Etanercept), poses significant public health challenges. These products, including biosimilars and follow-on versions, exhibit intricate glycosylation patterns and heterogeneous post-translational modifications, complicating their analytical assessment. The Chinese market, hosting four different TNFR2-Fc products, presents a unique regulatory challenge for rapid differentiation and quality control. This study developed a novel mass spectrometry-based multiattribute method (MAM) to address this challenge, enabling simultaneous monitoring of multiple quality attributes and effective differentiation among products from various manufacturers. Conventional techniques initially indicated high purity across all products, but these methods provided limited capabilities for differentiation. The improved MAM approach, involving desialylation, partial deglycosylation, and digestion steps, minimizes heterogeneity and simplifies analysis. This method successfully indicates differences in primary amino acid sequences and specific quality attributes, allowing for a clear differentiation among manufacturers. Notably, products from manufacturers A and B, as well as C and D, despite their high similarity, could be differentiated by their O-glycan profiles. Further activity evaluations revealed that the products from manufacturers C and D exhibited lower binding and biological activity, potentially due to differences in primary amino acid sequences or disulfide bond mismatches. Additionally, all products demonstrated similar Fc-effector functions. In conclusion, this study underscores the variability among TNFR2-Fc products in the Chinese market and the necessity for robust regulatory oversight. The MAM method developed herein serves as a rapid, accurate, and technologically advanced platform for quality control with significant implications for regulatory authorities, healthcare providers, and patients in ensuring access to safe and effective TNFR2-Fc products.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2059–2071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking PAH Ionization in Negative-Mode ESI Orbitrap MS Using Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide: A Petroleomic Strategy","authors":"Deborah V. A. de Aguiar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lidya C. da Silva*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Iris M. Júnior,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Alexandre de O. Gomes,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Boniek Gontijo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00170","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The selective ionization of cyclopentadiene-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in complex matrices remains a persistent challenge in direct ionization mass spectrometry, particularly under atmospheric pressure ionization (API) conditions. In this study, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was evaluated as a solvent modifier to enhance the ionization efficiency of PAHs in negative-ion mode using high-resolution Orbitrap MS. A systematic assessment with equimolar mixtures of neutral and acidic model compounds was performed to elucidate the fundamental effects of TMAH on ion suppression, deprotonation mechanisms, and gas-phase ion chemistry. The incorporation of TMAH significantly improved the detection of weakly acidic and neutral PAHs by promoting efficient gas-phase deprotonation, thus overcoming conventional ESI limitations. To demonstrate the method’s analytical robustness, TMAH-assisted ESI was subsequently applied to crude oil samples, enabling the detection of hydrocarbon species otherwise inaccessible under standard conditions, with a particular focus on low-alkylated fluorene derivatives. These results establish a simple and effective strategy for expanding the analytical scope of ESI-MS toward nonpolar and weakly acidic hydrocarbons, offering a valuable tool for the advanced molecular characterization of complex organic mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2142–2150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jasms.5c00170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Molecular Fragment Database Generated through Simulated Sequential Single-Bond-Breaking","authors":"Jesse Fraser,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Arun S. Moorthy*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00201","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00201","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We implemented a straightforward algorithm for generating a list of potential molecular fragments from a given molecule by simulating sequential fracturing of single bonds; we refer to this approach as the Simulated Sequential Single-Bond-Breaking (3S2B) algorithm. Applying the algorithm to a list of chemical structures, we generated a searchable database of molecular fragments. In this article, we describe the 3S2B algorithm and demonstrate three uses for the molecular fragment database: (i) to propose possible molecular structures for a given high (or low)-resolution mass value, (ii) to evaluate the quality of measured mass spectra for known compounds, and (iii) to propose possible identities for mass spectra of unknown compounds without a reference mass spectral database. An implementation of the 3S2B algorithm and command line interface for working with the molecular fragment database is available: https://github.com/EightBitAdder/3S2B-CLI.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2310–2314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MALDI-TOF MS Detection of Oxidized Major Phospholipids in Biological Samples Using Conventional Matrices and 1-Pyrenebutyric Hydrazide","authors":"Patricia Prabutzki,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jürgen Schiller,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Kathrin M. Engel*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00196","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00196","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oxidized lipids are involved in many widespread diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and/or low-level chronic inflammation. An increase in reactive oxygen species due to redox imbalance leads to the generation of various lipid peroxidation products, including lysolipids and truncated carbonyl compounds, particularly carboxylic acids and aldehydes. The latter can readily react with other biomolecules, such as DNA or proteins, and thereby impair their biological functions. Despite the growing interest in the role and function of oxidized lipids, their analysis remains challenging. This is due to several factors affecting their straightforward analysis, including their low abundance, their structural diversity, and their transient nature as well as method-specific factors such as the impact of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices on the detectability of such oxidized lipids. Here, we evaluate the detectability of different oxidized major phospholipids, using different MALDI matrices including 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamic acid, and 9-aminoacridine with rat liver extracts serving as a proxy for complex biological specimen. We also show that 1-pyrenebutyric hydrazide is a suitable matrix compound for the MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of native and oxidized phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids, as it can function both as a derivatization agent for truncated oxidized aldehyde lipids and as a regular (UV)-MALDI matrix.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2197–2205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jasms.5c00196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Spectrometric Exploration of Biclonal Gammopathy: Insights from a Diagnostic Laboratory.","authors":"Deepalakshmi D Putchen, Ankitha K Puthiyaveettil, Prajwal Ammalli, Champakalakshmi Adinarayana, Sujay Ramaprasad","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.5c00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biclonal gammopathy is observed in approximately 1% of myeloma cases. Most current understanding of this condition is derived from incidental or anecdotal findings based on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). The widespread use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (tmAbs), such as daratumumab, has introduced additional complexity, as these agents may appear as monoclonal bands on IFE, potentially interfering with accurate diagnosis. This study utilizes the enhanced sensitivity and molecular specificity of liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-TQMS) to characterize biclonal patterns in patient sera. Over a 3.3-year period (January 2022 to April 2025), 124 cases initially reported as biclonal by IFE were reviewed, of which 85 samples were selected for LC-TQMS analysis following immunoglobulin enrichment using camelid antibodies targeting immunoglobulin isotypes and light chains. Released light chains, following reduction, were separated by liquid chromatography, and their molecular masses determined by TQMS. Among the isotype combinations, IgG-IgA was the most frequent (34.3%), followed by IgG-IgG (31.4%), while IgG-IgM and IgM-IgM combinations were each observed in 2.9% of cases. Regarding light chain patterns, κ-λ combinations were observed in 40% of cases, λ-λ in 25.7%, and κ-κ in only 5.7%, the latter likely reflecting tmAb interference. LC-TQMS analysis revealed biclonal patterns in 31.8%, monoclonal patterns in 52.9%, and tmAb interference in 9.4%. LC-TQMS demonstrated robust capability in resolving biclonality, including cases with or without coexistent free light chains, and in distinguishing analytical artifacts due to tmAb or conformational changes in immunoglobulin light chains that may mimic biclonal patterns on IFE. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating treatment history into IFE interpretation and support the implementation of LC-TQMS as an orthogonal method for resolving complex gammopathy profiles. A workflow is proposed to aid in accurate interpretation of biclonal cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-Specific Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Difference Mass Spectrometry Measurements for Ligand Binding","authors":"Joseph Anacleto,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Suzanne Ackloo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Cheryl Arrowsmith,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Esther Wolf,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yves Leblanc,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Cristina Lento,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Derek J. Wilson*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00229","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00229","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conventional bottom-up HDX-MS experiments are highly suitable for use in drug development; however, a major limitation of this approach is that it generally provides only peptide-level structural resolution. Site specific (<i>i.e</i>., single amino acid-resolved) HDX-MS measurements have been achieved using ECD/ETD, but the low efficiency of these fragmentation techniques, combined with poor ion transmission associated with ‘detuning’ the instrument to fully prevent deuterium scrambling, results in sensitivity losses that make ligand binding measurements impractical in a ‘real-world’ (<i>e.g</i>., drug development) context. Here we apply a recently developed method for zero scrambling, high efficiency ECD in the challenging context of ligand binding differential HDX experiments, demonstrating a wealth of additional information that can be acquired when HDX-MS analyses are conducted at the amino acid level.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2315–2318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jasms.5c00229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Gas-Phase Formaldehyde via C2H5O+ Produced by VUV Illumination and Enhanced by Doping Propionaldehyde","authors":"Zhiyang Wei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lixin Shan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yongze Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Luo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shiyu Cheng,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jinian Shu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00181","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00181","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Formaldehyde (CH₂O) is one of the main indoor organic pollutants due to its carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. However, CH₂O has been an undetectable species for common VUV lamp-based photoionization mass spectrometry (PI-MS) due to its high ionization energy. In this article, we report a mass spectrometric technique developed for detecting gas-phase CH₂O by monitoring C₂H₅O⁺ (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 45) formed in VUV illumination and enhanced by doping propionaldehyde. The unique mass peak at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 45 was observed by VUV illuminating ppm-level CH₂O in ∼1300 Pa of nitrogen or synthetic air. The <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 45 ion was assigned to be C₂H₅O⁺ via verification with a high-resolution mass spectrometric measurement and a deuteron transfer experiment. The formation process of the C₂H₅O⁺ ion observed in the experiment is similar to that of C₂H₅O⁺ formed in the combustion of hydrocarbons, discussed in the paper. Doping propionaldehyde in the carrier gas remarkably enhanced the signal intensity of C₂H₅O⁺ by nearly 13 times. The detection sensitivities of CH₂O via C₂H₅O⁺ reached 46.0 counts ppb^–1, and the LOD of the method was 4.3 ppb, enhanced by doping propionaldehyde. The influence of the humidity on the detection could be alleviated with desiccants, and the recovery with CaCl₂·2H₂O as the desiccant was achieved at 30% of the dry condition under 100% RH. This experiment demonstrated that the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 45 ions can be used as the characteristic ion for detecting CH₂O.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2181–2188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into Desorption Mechanisms in a Helium Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Source Using Computational Simulations","authors":"Odhisea Gazeli*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Constantinos Lazarou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcos Bouza,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;David Moreno-González,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Charalambos Anastassiou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Joachim Franzke,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Juan F. García-Reyes*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;George E. Georghiou,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00171","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00171","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding desorption mechanisms is essential for the optimization of analytical techniques that enable the direct sampling and ionization of condensed-phase samples without preparation. The low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization source, first described by Harper (Harper; et al. <cite><i>Anal. Chem.</i></cite> <span>2008</span>, <em>80</em>, 9097–9104) and based on the dielectric barrier discharge principle, is among the more representative and replicated plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization tools for mass spectrometry (MS), although there are a wide array of designs and configurations. However, the fundamental desorption mechanisms directly associated with LTP and other related plasma-based sources remain unclear. In this study, we utilized plasma simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics to understand analyte release from solid samples placed on glass and exposed to the plasma of a simplified helium LTP configuration. Our simulations revealed that the accumulation of surface charge on the sample–substrate that is caused by the plasma results in localized electric fields strong enough to likely aid in disruption of analyte–substrate interactions and facilitate desorption. Importantly, our model estimates that electrons in plasma have energies of approximately 2.5 eV, suggesting this simulated energy level is an indicator for desorption efficiency. Our findings provide new insight into the complex interplay between plasma-induced phenomena and desorption processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2151–2163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jasms.5c00171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cysteine Reactivity Profiling Illuminates Monoclonal Antibody Disulfide Bond Reduction Mechanisms in Biopharmaceutical Process Intermediates","authors":"Taku Tsukidate,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhenshu Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Andrew Hsieh,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Patricia Rose,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xuanwen Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/jasms.5c00204","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.5c00204","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial biotherapeutics in the face of increasing global demand, but their production can be impacted by the reduction of disulfide bonds. This study presents a chemical proteomics workflow aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying disulfide bond reduction in mAbs produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We employed iodoacetamide-desthiobiotin (IA-DTB) and the parallel accumulation and serial fragmentation combined with data-independent acquisition (diaPASEF) methodology for cysteine reactivity profiling and successfully quantified approximately 4,500 cysteine-containing peptides from harvested cell culture fluids (HCCF). Our findings reveal that various protein disulfide oxidoreductases were active in reducing HCCF, offering critical insights into the redox environment affecting mAb stability. Notably, we quantified specific cysteine residues in enzymes such as glutaredoxin and thioredoxin domain–containing protein 12, suggesting potential links between their activity and disulfide bond dynamics. This workflow not only complements conventional abundance proteomics but also enhances our understanding of functional enzyme states in bioprocessing. Ultimately, our approach provides a promising strategy for assessing enzymes contributing to disulfide bond reduction, paving the way for improved manufacturing processes of mAbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":"36 10","pages":"2222–2229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}