海洋科学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Exercise and Structure Improve Juvenile Chinook Salmon Rearing Performance","authors":"J. Voorhees, Nathan Huysman, E. Krebs, M. E. Barnes","doi":"10.4236/OJMS.2021.112006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMS.2021.112006","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment evaluated the use of an exercise routine and \u0000vertically-sus-pended structure during juvenile landlocked fall \u0000Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; mean ± SE, initial weight \u00001.47 ± 0.03 g, total length 56.4 ± 0.4 mm) rearing. Four treatments were used: \u00001) no exercise routine nor vertically-suspended \u0000structure, 2) exercise and structure, 3) exercise and no structure, and 4) no exercise and structure. Water velocities in tanks without exercise were 12 cm/s, \u0000where-as the exercise routine consisted of seven days at 12 cm/s followed by \u0000seven days at 18 cm/s. The structure was an array consisting of four \u0000vertically-suspended aluminum angles. Total tank gain and percent gain were \u0000significantly greater after 50 days in the tanks of salmon subjected to the \u0000exercise routine and structure compared to the three other treatments. Gain and percent gain \u0000were also significantly greater in the tanks receiving structure without \u0000exercise compared to tanks with exercise and no structure or tanks with neither \u0000exercise nor structure. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in the salmon tanks with structure and without exercise compared to all other \u0000treatments. There were no significant differences for individual fish weight, total length, specific growth \u0000rate, or condition factor among any of the treatments at the end of the \u0000experiment. These results indicate \u0000that the use of both an exercise routine and vertically-suspended structure may \u0000be beneficial during the rearing of juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70366137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of Density and Biomass of the Ichthyofauna Associated to Soft Bottoms of a Western Coastal Lagoon of B.C.S., Mexico","authors":"Bruma Rachel Castillo Rosas, E. B. González, Juan Manuel López Viva, J. Quintana, Javier Aguilar Parra, Rodolfo Daniel Acosta Guerrero, Rogelio Esquivel Tiscareño","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2021.114011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2021.114011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70366250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starvation of the Respiratory Metabolism and Locomotion of Aurelia aurita s.l. Ephyrae","authors":"Zhilu Fu, S. Uye","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2021.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2021.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Blooms of the scyphozoan jellyfish Aurelia aurita are greatly regulated by the survival rate of planktonic ephyrae. The ecophysiology of ephyrae is poorly studied compared with polyps and medusae. As extremely strong starvation resistance and recovery capability of A. aurita ephyrae may due to its low metabolic rate as well as starvation may reduce the swimming ability of ephyrae which may lead to the higher predation loss, the effects of temperature and starvation on their respiration and pulsation rates were examined. In this study, ephyrae under different starvation conditions were measured by a fluorescence-based DO meter after 72 h incubation. And the pulsation rates were measured at every 10-d interval in 1-liter plastic bottle by a hand-held counter. The results showed that the mean respiration rates of newly released ephyrae were 0.24, 0.24 and 0.19 μl O2 ephyra-1 d-1 at 15°C, 12°C and 9°C, respectively, and the rates tended to decrease with increasing starvation duration. Carbon weight-specific respiration rates did not change significantly with starvation duration. The dry weight-specific respiration rates of newly released A. aurita ephyrae (i.e., 11.7-14.6 μl O2 mg DW-1 d-1) were nearly one order of magnitude lower than the rates for planktonic larvae of other taxa (e.g., molluscs, crustaceans and fish). The maximum pulsation rate taken by A. aurita ephyrae was 49.2 beats min-1, which represents the maximum swimming velocity to be 8.87 cm·min-1. The pulsation rates were not affected by temperature over the range between 9°C and 15°C. However, they were influenced by starvation duration. Starvation-derived decrease in pulsation together with associated body shrinkage may lead to lower encounter rate of prey and lower escaping ability from predators, which may lead to higher predation loss in the field.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70365758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lagrangian Model PETROMAR-3D to Describe Complex Processes in Marine Oil Spills","authors":"Amilcar E. Calzada, Iván Delgado, C. Ramos, F. Pérez, Dailín Reyes, Dayana Carracedo, Alejandro Rodríguez, Dayron Chang, Javier Cabrales, Alexander Lobaina","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2021.111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2021.111002","url":null,"abstract":"The version 2.1 of PETROMAR-3D model, created in the Center for Marine Meteorology of the Meteorology Institute of Cuba, is presented. This Lagrangian model has been designed to describe the physical processes of marine oil spills in the face of multiple scenarios of the marine environment. Although it is applicable to any part of the world, it is mainly designed for inter-American seas. The novelty has been to integrate the processes of drift and weathering into a model, with updated methods that incorporate 3D phenomena, a very favorable situation to achieve an operating system in Cuba and the region for the immediate and medium term. Python was chosen as the programming language because it has advanced libraries for numerical modeling, automation work and other useful tools for pre-and post-processing. By means of adapters, an important number of atmospheric, hydrodynamic and wave models have been considered to create the scenarios efficiently. The modular distribution in which the code has been created facilitates its use for other dispersion analysis and biophysical applications. Finally, a set of simple images are presented, aimed at informing decision-makers in order to mitigate the effects of the spill on the environment.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70365936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition Changes and Movements in Mixed-Species Groups of Algae Grazing Fish in Jamaica and Grand Cayman Island. Part II","authors":"A. Bloch, Layla Al-Shaer, B. Baumann, M. Draud, M. Itzkowitz","doi":"10.4236/OJMS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Although Caribbean mixed-species herbivorous fish groups are an important component to the reef community by helping to crop algae that often overgrow and kill corals, little is known of how they organize their foraging groups. In spite of a highly flexible membership, the basic structure of these groups consists of a “core species,” that leads the group and often is either the striped parrotfish (Scarus iserti) or the ocean surgeon (Acanthurus tractus). These species lead their groups to open areas where they feed largely on low profile turf algae. Other members prefer macro algae and are termed “associate species,” of which the two common species we studied were the stoplight parrotfish (Sparisoma viride) and the redband parrotfish (Sparisoma aurofrenatum). In spite of the large difference in group sizes between Jamaica and Grand Cayman Islands, the relationships between movement patterns and compositional changes were largely consistent. There was no support for the hypothesis that these dramatic and continuous group changes were related to foraging success. Instead, we speculated that these group changes perhaps were designed to maintain cohesion among a membership that was spread over a wide area. We also examined if associates species may be more than just passive followers of core species but rather instigated the attracting or the building of core groups. Both associate species do attract striped parrotfish in open areas and thus appear active in initiating mixed-species groups. Finally, given that associate species seem to derive little foraging benefit from following core species, we tested the hypothesis that associate species joined core groups to gain protection against predators. Associate species do not selectively join the larger groups of striped parrotfish but appear to join core species randomly and the groups they joined resembled the wide assortment of core groups available in the area. Thus, while associates may be joining core groups for protection, this protection was not based on sizes of core groups.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70366232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metals Concentration in Sediments of South Brittany Waters, France: An Ecological Risk Assessment Approach","authors":"M. Ong, H. Pan, N. Shazili, D. Menier, V. Dupont, S. Révillon, A. Connell","doi":"10.4236/OJMS.2021.111004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMS.2021.111004","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution patterns of selected heavy metals content in sediments from the Bay of Quiberon and Gulf of Morbihan were studied to understand the current heavy metals contamination due to urbanization and mariculture activities in the coastal area. Therefore, a survey was conducted and 196 sediments collected were characterized for heavy metals content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after mix acid digestion process. The distribution maps of the concentrations of the heavy metals studied were produced as an isopleth map based on data interpolation by the ArcGIS software application. The association with the adverse effects on aquatic organisms was determined by the classification of the sediment according to the sediment quality guidelines. Therefore, two approaches were employed namely: direct comparison with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and comparison with other numerical SQGs, threshold effect level/probable effect level, and effect range low/effect range medium. In order to estimate the effect of multiple contaminations of heavy metals, the mean-ERM-quotient was calculated at each sampling point.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70366426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dietary Importance of Kelp-Derived Detritus to Pelagic and Benthic Consumers along the West Coast of Vancouver Island, Canada","authors":"B. Ramshaw, E. Pakhomov","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2021.114012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2021.114012","url":null,"abstract":"Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the relative dietary importance of kelp-derived detritus to plankton and benthic organisms along a gradient of kelp abundance driven by recovering sea otter populations along the west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI), Canada. The study used region-specific kelp isotope values (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and season-specific phytoplankton isotope values to model dietary contributions of kelp-derived detritus (KDD). In general, KDD contributions were moderate to high in most plankton size fractions during the summer and decreased during the winter, particularly in the kelp sparse region. Hypothesized regional and spatial (distance from the coast) differences in kelp detritus contributions to zooplankton were not evi-dent. Modeled estimates o f the KDD contribution to benthic invertebrates were high (>40%) and independent of the organism size, among regions and between seasons, with the exception of Astraea gibberosa in the kelp abundant region. Local oceanography, natural kelp isotope signature variation, and significant overlap between kelps’ and blooming phytoplankton isotope values led to a large uncertainty in the assessed KDD contributions in benthic organisms. These results highlighted the importance of the KDD as a widespread and stable year-round food source in coastal kelp populated regions.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70366905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brachyuran Crab Fauna Character Estimated from Marine Water of Bangladesh and Noted New Record (Crustacea: Decapoda) as Distribution","authors":"N. Alam, S. Chakraborty, M. Hossain, M. Baki, Shayer Mahmood Ibney Alam, Chenhong Li","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104017","url":null,"abstract":"As habitat and \u0000distribution, in the study a total of 18 crab species were identified, belonging to 10 families (Calappidae, Epialtidae, Gecarcinidae, \u0000Grapsidae, Matutidae, Ocypodidae, Panopeidae, Sesarmidae, Varunidae, and \u0000Xanthidae) order Decapoda under subphylum crustacean with relevant distinguish \u0000morphological and meristic character and geographical position. We investigated \u0000crab species of Bangladesh from December 2013 to October 2014. All species \u0000samples were collected by hand picking on a baseline survey in Saint Martin’s \u0000Island (the only coral island of Bangladesh) and adjacent marine water body of \u0000Bay of Bengal, Satkhira area (brackish and freshwater) and mangrove forest area \u0000(Sundarban). Among 18 species, 10 crab species from Family Epialtidae (1 \u0000species), Gecarcinidae (2 species), Ocypodidae (1 species), Panopeidae (1 \u0000species), Sesarmidae (1 species) and Xanthidae (4 species) were newly occurred \u0000in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Cardisoma armatum and Zosymus \u0000aeneus species were larger than other enlisted species.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46108613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ichthyofaunic Inventory and Fish Landings of Lom Pangar Hydropower Dam Reservoir in the Eastern Region of Cameroon","authors":"Achille Njomoué Pandong, B. T. N. Nsangue, Ekmon Mbangue, N’Souvi Kodjo, Maurice Vanlie Kontchou, Asser Yoke, Léopold Tcham, Dieudonné Essola, Micah Adekunle David","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104019","url":null,"abstract":"The Lom Pangar hydroelectric dam project \u0000located in the eastern region of Cameroon was implemented by Electricity \u0000Development Corporation (EDC). The impoundment of the Lom Pangar dam created a \u0000large reservoir with an area ~590 km2 and a useful storage capacity ~6 billion \u0000m3. Thereby, this impoundment has created favourable conditions for the \u0000proliferation of fishery resources. However, a fisheries assessment study based \u0000on fishing activities is essential to attain reliable information for \u0000implementing a management plan to achieve rational and sustainable \u0000exploitation. This study was carried out on the ichtyofaunic inventory and the \u0000assessment of fish landings in Lom Pangar hydroelectric dam reservoir from \u0000April 2016 to September 30, 2016. Three main groups of fishing gear have been \u0000identified, among which gillnets, traps and longlines occupy major fishing \u0000activities. Indeed, the spatial and landing sites surveies were conducted on \u0000species composition, size composition, and quantities of fish landed during the \u0000study period. Moreover, 37 species of fish divided into 16 families were found \u0000in seven different selected fish landing sites. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) was the \u0000major fish species abundantly caught by these fishing gears which accounted for \u000081.60% of the total catch, and the least species was sardine (Sardinella \u0000aurita). A total of 623,229 Kg of fish were landed which were dominated by \u0000those of the Wami landing site with 480,773 Kg representing 76.96% of the total \u0000landed catches. The smallest species caught was the white carp (7 cm) while \u0000the longest one was the catfish (71 cm). In addition, the species of fish in the \u0000breeding season are carp, catfish, viper fish and red tail.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43897563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Human Disturbance on Fiddler Crab (Uca tangeri) Burrow Morphology, Distribution and Chemistry at Eagle Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aroloye O. Numbere","doi":"10.4236/ojms.2020.104015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2020.104015","url":null,"abstract":"Fiddler crabs are described as ecosystem engineers because of their burrow constructing ability. It was hypothesized that human activity will impact crab burrows. The study area was delineated into lowly, medium and highly impacted plots. Crab holes were randomly counted and their width, length and surface area estimated. Burrow soils were collected and analyzed for Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) using spectrophotometric method (HACH DR 890 colorimeter). The result indicates that burrow width was significantly different between impacted plots (P 0.05), but highly impacted plot has the longest length while lowly impacted plot has the shortest length. Again, the surface area of crab burrow varies significantly (P 2) followed by medium (390.30 ± 57.65 cm2) and high (265.16 ± 30.85 cm2) impacted plots. Similarly, lowly impacted area has more number of burrows (n = 55) followed by medium (n = 30) and highly (n = 23) impacted plots. Highly impacted plot had the highest Cd and Pb concentration whereas lowly impacted plot had the highest Zn concentration. This implies that burrow morphology and chemistry exemplify the level of anthropogenic impact.","PeriodicalId":65849,"journal":{"name":"海洋科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41314541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}