世界移植杂志最新文献

{"title":"Extracorporeal therapies for post-liver transplant recipient: The road less traveled.","authors":"Anant Vikram Pachisia, Deepak Govil, K N Jagadeesh, Sweta J Patel, Rahul Harne, Divya Pal, Pooja Tyagi, Swagat Pattajoshi, Keerti Brar, Parimal Patel, Ronak Zatakiya","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101975","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracorporeal therapies have a definite role in patients with acute liver failure, acute on-chronic liver failure, and progressive chronic liver disease. They act as a bridge-to-transplant in these patients. With the increasing success of liver transplantation, the immediate postoperative complication spectrum continues to expand. Extracorporeal therapies can play an important role in managing these complications. However, the literature on extracorporeal therapies in the post-liver transplant period is limited. This review article discussed various extracorporeal therapies that are still evolving or marred by limited evidence but can improve patient outcomes. These extracorporeal therapies can be divided into two subgroups: (1) Therapies for infective complications. Endotoxin and cytokine adsorption columns; and (2) Therapies for noninfective complications like small for size syndrome, primary allograft nonfunction, early allograft dysfunction, hyperacute rejection, hepatopulmonary syndrome, <i>etc.</i> (plasma exchange, double plasma molecular adsorption, molecular adsorbent recirculation system, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, among others).</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"101975"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of traditional Chinese medicine in supporting liver transplantation outcomes.","authors":"Hengrui Liu","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.103904","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.103904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent article published by Virches <i>et al</i> highlights the psychological and physical challenges faced by caregivers and emphasizes the transformative role of liver transplantation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may serve as a complementary approach in this context, offering unique benefits such as immunomodulation, neuropsychological regulation, hepatoprotection, and quality-of-life enhancement. TCM's holistic principles and individualized treatments can improve post-transplant recovery, mitigate caregiver stress, and address long-term health risks like metabolic dysfunction. Further research into integrating TCM with conventional medicine could unlock new avenues for improving patient outcomes and caregiver well-being in liver transplantation settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"103904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of implantation of the right graft veins into the inferior vena cava during living donor liver transplantation.","authors":"Davit Beridze, Lasha Mikeladze, Gia Tomadze, Dimitri Kordzaia, Kakhaber Kashibadze","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.102378","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.102378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a crucial alternative to deceased donor transplantation, especially in regions with limited access to cadaveric organs. Right lobe graft implantation into the inferior vena cava (IVC) requires advanced surgical techniques to optimize outcomes and reduce complications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare two venous anastomosis techniques-direct polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafting of V5-V8 veins to the IVC <i>vs</i> triangulation to the right hepatic vein (RHV)-in terms of graft viability and postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients who underwent LDLT with right lobe grafts between 2014 and 2023. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) No venous outflow reconstruction; (2) PTFE graft direct anastomosis to the IVC; and (3) PTFE graft anastomosis using triangulation to the RHV. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes, including bile duct complications, alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels, and graft perfusion, were compared across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 3 (triangulation to RHV) showed significantly improved venous outflow, fewer complications, and faster normalization of liver function tests. Bile duct complications were highest in group 1 (12.8%) and lowest in group 3 (7%). Doppler ultrasonography revealed better graft perfusion in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triangulation to the RHV improves graft viability, reduces biliary complications, and enhances early postoperative outcomes compared to direct PTFE grafting to the IVC.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"102378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes regarding solid organ transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Hayrunnisa Bekis Bozkurt, Öner Özdemir","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.100591","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and emerged in Wuhan, China. It affects millions of people all over the world and has caused the deaths of thousands of people. Mortality rates were higher in transplant recipients and patients awaiting transplantation due to social and psychological issues. It also affected candidates who would be transplant providers and caused the transplant chain to be broken worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has significantly affected solid organ transplantation procedures and led to various changes in protocols and practices to ensure patient safety and increase transplant success. These include challenges in screening protocols, prioritization of cases, telemedicine and virtual consultations, modified surgical procedures, immunosuppression management, updated research and guidelines, post-transplantation process and difficulties to control side effects, difficulties in organ procurement, and patient education/support. It requires a multidisciplinary approach, close collaboration between transplant teams, and adherence to strict infection control measures to ensure the safety of both transplant recipients and healthcare providers. In this article, we compiled the most important points in an overview of this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended travel for donor organs: Is cold static storage still relevant.","authors":"Montana Reynolds, Martin Gerard Walsh, Ervin Y Cui, Divyaam Satija, Doug A Gouchoe, Matthew C Henn, Kukbin Choi, Nahush A Mokadam, Asvin M Ganapathi, Bryan A Whitson","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.102150","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.102150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional limitations of cold static storage (CSS) on ice at 4 °C during lung transplantation have necessitated limiting cold ischemic time (CIT) to 4-6 hours. <i>Ex vivo</i> lung perfusion (EVLP) can extend this preservation time through the suspension of CIT and normothermic perfusion. As we continue to further expand the donor pool in all aspects of lung transplantation, teams are frequently traveling further distances to procure organs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the effect of CSS or EVLP on donors with extended travel distance [> 750 nautical miles (NM)] to recipient.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lung transplants, whose donor traveled greater than 750 NM, were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing Database. Recipients were stratified into either: CSS or EVLP, based on preservation method. Groups were assessed with comparative statistics and survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods. A 3:1 propensity match was then created, and same analysis was repeated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to matching, those in the EVLP group had significantly increased post-operative morbidity to include dialysis, ventilator use, acute rejection, and treated rejection in the first year (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for all). However, there were no significant differences in midterm survival (<i>P</i> = 0.18). Following matching, those in the EVLP group again had significantly increased post-operative morbidity to include dialysis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, ventilator use, and treated rejection in the first year (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for all). As before, there were no significant differences in midterm survival following matching (<i>P</i> = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there was no significant difference in survival, EVLP patients had increased peri-operative morbidity. With the advent of changes in CSS with 10 °C storage further analysis is necessary to evaluate the best methods for utilizing organs from increased distances.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"102150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence, screening, and management of <i>de novo</i> malignancies in liver transplant patients: A review.","authors":"Anmol Singh, Carol Singh, Armaan Dhaliwal, Navdeep Singh, Vikash Kumar, Aalam Sohal, Jonathan Schneider","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101046","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, and liver cancer. Although advancements in surgical techniques, postoperative care, and immunosuppressive therapies have significantly improved outcomes, the long-term use of immunosuppression has increased the risk of complications, including infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Among these, <i>de novo</i> malignancies (DNMs) are a major concern, accounting for 20%-25% of deaths in LT recipients surviving beyond the early post-transplant period. Non-melanoma skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinoma are the most prevalent DNMs. Other significant malignancies include Kaposi's sarcoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, and various solid organ cancers, including head and neck cancers. Compared to the general population, LT patients face a twofold increase in solid organ malignancies and a 30-fold increase in lymphoproliferative disorders. Risk factors for DNM include chronic immunosuppression, alcohol or tobacco use, viral infections, and underlying liver disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of tailored cancer screening and prevention strategies, including regular dermatological examinations, targeted screenings for high-risk cancers, and patient education on lifestyle modifications. Early detection through enhanced surveillance protocols has been shown to improve outcomes. Management of DNMs involves a combination of standard oncological therapies and adjustments to immunosuppressive regimens, with promising results from the use of mTOR inhibitors in select patients. The review highlights the critical need for ongoing research to refine risk stratification, optimize screening protocols, and improve treatment approaches to mitigate the burden of DNMs in LT recipients. By implementing personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies, we can enhance long-term outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"101046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of low-level pretransplant donor-specific antibodies detected by the Luminex platform on acute rejection and long-term graft survival.","authors":"Khawar Abbas, Muhammed Mubarak, Wajiha Musharraf, Abdul Rauf Hafeez, Tahir Aziz, Mirza Naqi Zafar","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.104308","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.104308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Luminex platform, where beads are coated with single human leukocyte antigens (HLA), detects HLA antibodies with higher sensitivity and specificity compared to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay and flow cross-match (FCXM). The clinical significance of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by this method is still under investigation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report the impact of low-level pretransplant DSAs detected by the Luminex platform on the rates of acute rejection (AR), allograft function, and long-term graft survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at the Immunology Department of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan between January 2013 and December 2022. During this period 2714 patients were transplanted. Out of these patients 78 (2.9%) patients had low-level DSAs detected by the Luminex flow beads method and were negative by CDC and FCXM with their donors. All recipients received ABO-compatible live-related kidney transplants. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Graft rejection rates, graft function, and patient and graft survival were analyzed. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated by the full CKD-EPI formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of all recipients was 29.57 ± 10.11 years and 34.53 ± 9.09 years for the donors. In 48 (61.5%) patients, the cause of end-stage kidney disease was unknown. DSA against HLA class I was detected in 36 (46.1%) patients, class II in 35 (44.8%) patients, and both class I and II in 7 (8.9%) patients. AR episodes were encountered in 8 (10.3%) cases. Seven (87.5%) had T cell mediated rejection (type IA) and one acute antibody-mediated rejection. Antibody status was re-evaluated at the time of biopsy-proven ARs. Five (62.5%) patients lost their DSAs, while three (37.5%) had persistent DSAs. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 year was 80.56 ± 27.48 mL/min/1.73 m² and at the last follow-up 73.41 ± 28.80 mL/min/1.73 m². The 1-year and 10-year patient and graft survival rates were 99% and 79% and 95% and 75%, respectively. During the follow-up period, 10 (12.8%) patients died, 8 patients had a functioning graft, and 2 patients had failed grafts. Eight patients died due to cardiopulmonary arrest, and two died due to sepsis with failed grafts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with pretransplant low-level DSAs on Luminex without CDC and FCXM reactivity had good allograft outcomes at 1 year and 10 years as long as they are induced with biological agents and given potent maintenance immunosuppressants.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"104308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivisceral transplantation as a rescue treatment for intestinal failure following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A case report.","authors":"Wethit Dumronggittigule, Prawat Kositamongkol, Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn, Somchai Limsrichamrern, Prawej Mahawithitwong, Chutwichai Tovikkai, Pholasith Sangserestid, Charnwit Assawasirisin","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101427","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) intestinal failure (IF) is rare and associated with poor outcomes. To our knowledge, the role of intestinal transplantation (ITx) as a rescue treatment for this complication has never been reported.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 42-year-old female with a benign neurilemmoma of the duodenum underwent PD. Her superior mesenteric vein (SMV) was injured during surgery and required reconstruction. She experienced SMV thrombosis and bowel gangrene requiring massive bowel resection. Consequently, she developed short gut syndrome and an enterocutaneous fistula, leading to prolonged hospitalization for wound care and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support. She was referred to our hospital for ITx evaluation. Upon arrival, she had cholestasis due to IF-associated liver disease. After gastrointestinal (GI) reconstruction to restore GI continuity, she was eligible for multi-visceral transplantation (MVTx). The anticipated allograft included the stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, and duodenum. She found a suitable donor after two years of waiting. The MVTx procedure was straightforward with signs of immediate function. Enteral feeding was initiated on postoperative day (POD) 7. TPN weaning was achieved on POD 28, and the patient was discharged on POD 69. Two years post-MVTx, she is healthy with excellent graft function. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on MVTx as the treatment for fatal post-PD complications and also the first reported case of ITx in Southeast Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-PD IF is rare and lethal. Intestinal and MVTx might be a rescue treatment for IF after GI surgery in eligible patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"101427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal invasive hemodynamics in heart transplant recipients: A single-center, retrospective study.","authors":"Navin Rajagopalan, Donna R Dennis, Julia Akhtarekhavari, Kenneth Campbell","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101245","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have quantified invasive hemodynamic parameters in post heart transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report the incidence of abnormal hemodynamics in heart transplant recipients at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant and determine if there was any correlation with recipient and donor characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 279 consecutive heart transplant recipients from 2007 through 2020 were analyzed. Clinical variables regarding both recipients and donors as well as hemodynamic variables obtained <i>via</i> right heart catheterization during 1-year and 3-year annual testing were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regression tests were used to determine how recipient and donor variables influenced hemodynamic parameters at 1-year and 3-year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were available for 260 patients and 224 patients at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant respectively. At 1-year, abnormal hemodynamic parameters were common with 24% patients having right atrial pressure (RAP) > 10 mmHg, 52% with mean pulmonary artery pressure > 20 mmHg, and 12% with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) > 18 mmHg. Similar abnormalities were noted at 3-year post-transplant. Recipient body mass index (BMI) demonstrated the strongest correlation with all 3 variables at both 1-year and 3-year by multivariate linear regression analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.001 for both). Both donor age and predicted heart mass difference between recipient and donor were significantly linked to RAP and PCWP at 1-year but did not predict any variables at 3-year post-transplant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abnormal hemodynamics are common at 1-year and 3-year post-transplant and are associated with recipients with high BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"101245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of autophagy in rejection after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review of the literature.","authors":"Shu-Min Jiang, Xue-Jiao Li, Zi-Lin Wang, Zhi-Wei Chen, Zhi-Long Liu, Qiang Li, Xiao-Long Chen","doi":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.103163","DOIUrl":"10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors. However, graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge. While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection, they have not been able to eliminate it completely. The intricate mechanisms underlying transplant rejection have been the subject of intense investigation by transplant immunologists. Among these factors, autophagy has emerged as a key player. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells that mediates autophagocytosis and cellular protection. This process is regulated by autophagy-related genes and their encoded protein families, which maintain the material and energetic balance within cells. Additionally, autophagy has been reported to play crucial roles in the development, maturation, differentiation, and responses of immune cells. In the complex immune environment following transplantation, the role and mechanisms of autophagy are gradually being revealed. In this review, we aim to explore the current understanding of the role of autophagy in solid organ rejection after transplantation. Furthermore, we delve into the therapeutic advancements achieved by targeting autophagy involved in the rejection process.</p>","PeriodicalId":65557,"journal":{"name":"世界移植杂志","volume":"15 3","pages":"103163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}