预防医学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"An Intervention to Reduce Psychosocial and Biological Indicators of Stress in African American Lupus Patients: The Balancing Lupus Experiences with Stress Strategies Study.","authors":"Edith M Williams,&nbsp;Megan Penfield,&nbsp;Diane Kamen,&nbsp;James C Oates","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.41005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.41005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Very little is known about the impact of psychosocial stress on African American lupus patients. Due to the exposure of African Americans to a unique trajectory of stressors throughout life, it may be critical to understand the relationship between psychosocial stress and underlying biological mechanisms that influence disease activity and pathology in this high risk group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Balancing Lupus Experiences with Stress Strategies (BLESS) study piloted the validated \"Better Choices, Better Health\" Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) in 30 African-American lupus patients participating in the SLE Clinic Database Project at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). Measures of psychosocial and biological indicators of stress were collected in all of the patients in each of the study conditions before and after intervention activities, as well as four months post-intervention, to assess the effectiveness of the program in reducing perceived and biological indicators of stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participation in the workshops had large effects upon depression (<i>d</i>=1.63 and <i>d</i> = 1.68), social/role activities limitations (<i>d</i> =1.15), health distress (<i>d</i> =1.13 and <i>d</i> = 0.78), fatigue (<i>d</i> =1.03), pain (<i>d</i> =0.96), and lupus self-efficacy (<i>d</i> =0.85). Neither the differences in cortisol or DHEA levels pre- and post-intervention were found to be significantly different between intervention participants and controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention workshops acted to reduce perceived stress and improve quality of life. Our findings imply that comparable, if not more significant gains in relevant health indicators are possible in African American patients when provided the opportunity to participate in CDSMP's.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4079044/pdf/nihms591407.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32484575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive cardiovascular disease lifestyle treatment controlled trial among high-risk African Americans.","authors":"Sharon K Davis, Rakale Quarells, Gary H Gibbons","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2013.39071","DOIUrl":"10.4236/ojpm.2013.39071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included a randomized treatment/controlled intervention trial among 136 African Americans residing in Atlanta, GA who were overweight and had elevated blood pressure. The treatment group was exposed to 3-months of a multi-component intervention and the control to an abbreviated 6-week intervention after the completion of the treatment group's intervention. The main outcomes included mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean waist circumference, mean body mass index (BMI), mean number of times exercise per week, mean number of servings of fruits and vegetables per day, and mean level of daily stress. Data were collected at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Separate linear regressions were used with an established significance level of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant net improvement in treatment group when compared to controls in waist circumference, BMI, times weekly exercise, servings of fruit and vegetables per day (p < 0.001, 0.04, 0.02, 0.002, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure also significantly improved within the treatment group for overall hypertensives from baseline to 6-month follow-up (90.9 mmHg to 83.1 mmHg, p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that a comprehensive lifestyle intervention can improve cardiovascular risk factor profile among high risk African Americans. Caregivers should encourage patients to participate in such programs and public health policymakers should allocate resources to community based health oriented organizations to implement comprehensive lifestyle program.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"3 9","pages":"526-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32444750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed methods evaluation of a randomized control pilot trial targeting sugar-sweetened beverage behaviors.","authors":"Jamie Zoellner,&nbsp;Emily Cook,&nbsp;Yvonnes Chen,&nbsp;Wen You,&nbsp;Brenda Davy,&nbsp;Paul Estabrooks","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2013.31007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2013.31007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and low health literacy skills have emerged as two public health concerns in the United States (US); however, there is limited research on how to effectively address these issues among adults. As guided by health literacy concepts and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this randomized controlled pilot trial applied the RE-AIM framework and a mixed methods approach to examine a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intervention (SipSmartER), as compared to a matched-contact control intervention targeting physical activity (MoveMore). Both 5-week interventions included two interactive group sessions and three support telephone calls. Executing a patient-centered developmental process, the primary aim of this paper was to evaluate patient feedback on intervention content and structure. The secondary aim was to understand the potential reach (i.e., proportion enrolled, representativeness) and effectiveness (i.e. health behaviors, theorized mediating variables, quality of life) of SipSmartER. Twenty-five participants were randomized to SipSmartER (n=14) or MoveMore (n=11). Participants' intervention feedback was positive, ranging from 4.2-5.0 on a 5-point scale. Qualitative assessments reavealed several opportunties to improve clarity of learning materials, enhance instructions and communication, and refine research protocols. Although SSB consumption decreased more among the SipSmartER participants (-256.9 ± 622.6 kcals), there were no significant group differences when compared to control participants (-199.7 ± 404.6 kcals). Across both groups, there were significant improvements for SSB attitudes, SSB behavioral intentions, and two media literacy constructs. The value of using a patient-centered approach in the developmental phases of this intervention was apparent, and pilot findings suggest decreased SSB may be achieved through targeted health literacy and TPB strategies. Future efforts are needed to examine the potential public health impact of a large-scale trial to address health literacy and reduce SSB.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"3 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3755775/pdf/nihms457511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31701744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of obesity on venous thromboembolism: A review.","authors":"Genyan Yang, Christine De Staercke, W Craig Hooper","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2012.24069","DOIUrl":"10.4236/ojpm.2012.24069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has emerged as a global health issue that is associated with wide spectrum of disorders, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is one of the most common vascular disorders in the United States and Europe and is associated with significant mortality. Although the association between obesity and VTE appears to be moderate, obesity can interact with other environmental or genetic factors and pose a significantly greater risk of VTE among individuals who are obese and who are exposed simultaneously to several other risk factors for VTE. Therefore, identification of potential interactions between obesity and certain VTE risk factors might offer some critical points for VTE interventions and thus minimize VTE morbidity and mortality among patients who are obese. However, current obesity measurements have limitations and can introduce contradictory results in the outcome of obesity. To overcome these limitations, this review proposes several future directions and suggests some avenues for prevention of VTE associated with obesity as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"2 4","pages":"499-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4520798/pdf/nihms710005.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33891022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit intake associated with urinary estrogen metabolites in healthy premenopausal women.","authors":"Kerryn W Reding,&nbsp;Charlotte Atkinson,&nbsp;Kim C Westerlind,&nbsp;Frank Stanczyk,&nbsp;Erin J Aiello Bowles,&nbsp;Mellissa Yong,&nbsp;Katherine M Newton,&nbsp;Johanna W Lampe","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2012.21001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2012.21001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary concentrations of 2:16-hydroxyestrone (2:16-OHE₁) approximate concentrations of 2-OHE₁ and 16α -OHE₁ in breast tissue. As estrogens are purported to be involved in breast cancer development, the 2:16-OHE₁ ratio can provide an indication of estrogen metabolite exposure in the breast. With prior studies observing associations between urinary estrogen metabolites and dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber ascertained from food questionnaires, we examined associations between dietary factors ascertained through 3-day food records and urinary 2:16-OHE₁ in 191 pre-menopausal healthy women. Fruit consumption was positively associated with 2:16-OHE₁ after adjustment for total energy, ethnicity, body mass index, parity, smoking history, and serum estradiol (p= 0.003). Fruit consumption was positively associated with 2- OHE₁ concentrations (p=0.006), but was not associated with 16α-OHE₁ (p=0.92). The Musaceae botanical grouping (comprised primarily of bananas) was positively associated with the 2:16-OHE₁ ratio, and Rosaceae (comprised of citrus fruits) and Musaceae botanical groupings were positively associated with 2-OHE₁ (but not 16α-OHE₁) concentrations, after adjustment for confounders. Our data suggest that dietary fruit intake is associated with urinary 2- OHE₁ and the 2:16-OHE₁ ratio and that breast tissue exposure to estrogen metabolites may thus be influenced by diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845414/pdf/nihms-476989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31930192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of local U.S. tobacco policies on youth tobacco use: A critical review.","authors":"Karen B Friend, Sharon Lipperman-Kreda, Joel W Grube","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2011.12006","DOIUrl":"10.4236/ojpm.2011.12006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tobacco use continues to be the leading preventable cause of premature death in the United States, killing over 430,000 people annually. Tobacco initiation and use among youth remains a significant public health concern. Despite declines in U.S. youth tobacco use in recent years, state and national survey results are still cause for alarm. Although traditional school-based curricular programs are the most common strategy to prevent or reduce youth tobacco use, their effectiveness may be limited because young people are immersed in a broader social context in which tobacco is readily available. Environmental strategies change this social context by focusing on policy, enforcement, and media. A compelling body of evidence suggests that interventions at the state and federal levels can, when implemented in combination, reduce youth tobacco use. The impact of policies implemented at the local levels is less well understood and effects of environmental strategies on smokeless tobacco consumption have been largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on environmental strategies implemented at the local level on youth use of both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. We highlight results of the extant literature, hypothesize possible effects where research is lacking, and suggest where future studies might be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 2","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3244049/pdf/nihms323892.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30351146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}