预防医学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"A profile of traumatic brain injury within hospital emergency departments - a retrospective study in the Republic of Moldova.","authors":"Svetlana Cociu,&nbsp;Angela Cazacu-Stratu,&nbsp;Lilia Chiosea,&nbsp;Gheorghe Rojnoveanu,&nbsp;Serghei Cebanu,&nbsp;Corinne Peek-Asa","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2022.129013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2022.129013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socio-economic problem throughout the world, making epidemiological monitoring of incidence, prevalence, and outcome of TBI necessary. TBI is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly, one of the leading causes being road traffic accidents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted among patients with TBI within 2 medical institutions from Chisinau municipality: Emergency Medicine Institute (EMI) and <i>Valentin Ignatenco</i> Municipal Children's Hospital (MCH). A questionnaire was applied, completed on the basis of medical records according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes. The collection period was August, 1 - October 31, 2018. Data were uploaded using the existing electronic data collection tool - Red Cap and analyzed through Microsoft Excel. Data collection was performed by a resident neurosurgery and a scientific researcher. The ethics committee's approval has been obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There have been identified 150 patients: 57 cases (38.5%) of TBI among children and 93 cases (61.5%) among adults aged between 18-73 years old. A large majority (62%) of head injuries were among patients from the urban area (most in adults - 60% and males - 74%). The most common mechanisms of head injury were falls (53.3%) and road traffic injuries (24%), followed by assault (14.7%) and struck by/or against (8%). The distributions by place of occurrence highlighted that most injuries occurred at home (33.4%) and transport area (25.3%). Most head injuries were registered among men 121(81.2%) with a predominance of minor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (65.1%), followed by moderate GCS (9.4%), while in women all cases with GCS minor (18.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data obtained could be useful for the hospital administration in managing the necessary resources and for conducting information campaigns among the high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"12 9","pages":"175-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10328057/pdf/nihms-1913475.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and skills for management of sexually transmitted infections among rural medical practitioners in Bangladesh.","authors":"Nazmul Alam,&nbsp;Malay K Mridha,&nbsp;Sibylle Kristensen,&nbsp;Sten H Vermund","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2015.54018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2015.54018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexually transmitted infection (STI) management is considered rudimentary among rural medical practitioners (RMPs) in Bangladesh. We sought to understand the level of knowledge and skills in STI management and to assess the impact of a two-day training orientation among RMPs in Tangail district. Data were collected through a baseline survey of 225 practicing RMPs in the study area and a three-month follow-up survey of 99 RMPs who participated in a two-day STI/HIV orientation training. The level of formal training among RMPs ranged from none (22.7%), to paramedical training (14.7%) and local medical assistant training (62.6%). The baseline survey revealed a low level of STI/HIV knowledge and misconceptions about the transmission of STI/HIV among RMPs. RMPs mostly prescribed first line antibiotics for treatment of common reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including STIs, but they rarely prescribed the correct dosages according to the national RTI/STI management guidelines. Only 3% of RMPs were able to correctly answer all four HIV transmission (unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, needle sharing and mother to child transmission) questions at baseline, while 94.9% of RMPs answered all four correctly at three months following the training (p=0.001). Only 10% of RMPs reported suggesting the recommended drug (azithromycin) and only 2% mentioned about the recommended dosage (2gm single dose) for the treatment of urethritis/cervicitis; compared to 49.5% suggested azithromycin at follow-up with 39.4% mentioned the recommended 2gm single dose (p=0.001). Our study found low level of knowledge and poor practices related RTI/STI management among RMPs. Short orientation training and education intervention shown promise to increase knowledge and management skills for RTIs/STIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"5 4","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420026/pdf/nihms683437.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33285742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attendance and Utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC) Services: Multi-Center Study in Upcountry Areas of Uganda.","authors":"Peter Chris Kawungezi,&nbsp;Douglas AkiiBua,&nbsp;Carol Aleni,&nbsp;Michael Chitayi,&nbsp;Anxious Niwaha,&nbsp;Andrew Kazibwe,&nbsp;Elizabeth Sunya,&nbsp;Eliud W Mumbere,&nbsp;Carol Mutesi,&nbsp;Cathy Tukei,&nbsp;Arabat Kasangaki,&nbsp;Sarah Nakubulwa","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2015.53016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2015.53016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally every year 529,000 maternal deaths occur, 99% of this in developing countries. Uganda has high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality ratios, typical of many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent findings reveal maternal mortality ratio of 435:100,000 live births and neonatal mortality rate of 29 deaths per 1000 live births in Uganda; these still remain a challenge. Women in rural areas of Uganda are two times less likely to attend ANC than the urban women. Most women in Uganda have registered late ANC attendance, averagely at 5.5 months of pregnancy and do not complete the required four visits. The inadequate utilization of ANC is greatly contributing to persisting high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda. This study was set to identify the factors associated with late booking and inadequate utilization of Antenatal Care services in upcountry areas of Uganda.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional study design with mixed methods of interviewer administered questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Data was entered using Epidata and analyzed using Stata into frequency tables using actual tallies and percentages. Ethical approval was sought from SOM-REC MakCHS under approval number \"#REC REF 2012-117\" before conducting the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of four hundred one were enrolled with the majority being in the age group 20 - 24 years (mean age, 25.87 ± 6.26). Health workers played a great role (72.04%), followed by the media (15.46%) and friends (12.50%) in creating awareness about ANC. A significant number of respondents went to TBAs with reasons such as \"near and accessible\", \"my husband decided\", and \"they are the only people I know\". 37.63% of the respondents considered getting an antenatal Card as an importance of ANC. 71 (19.67%) respondents gave a wrong opinion (late) on booking time with reasons like demands at work, no problems during pregnancy, advised by friends, just to get a card, long distance and others didn't know. Almost half of the respondents never knew the recommended number of visits. Religion, occupation, level of education, and parity were found to influence place of ANC attendance, number of ANC visits and booking time. Husbands were necessary to provide financial support, accompany their wives ANC clinic, and ensure that they complete the visits. But their response was poor due to: fear of routine investigations and constrained economically.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings show the actual rural setting of ANC services attendance and utilization. Much sensitization has to be done specifically in these rural areas to empower pregnant women and their husbands as to improve ANC attendance and utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/ojpm.2015.53016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33360599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes toward E-Cigarettes, Reasons for Initiating E-Cigarette Use, and Changes in Smoking Behavior after Initiation: A Pilot Longitudinal Study of Regular Cigarette Smokers.","authors":"Carla J Berg,&nbsp;Dana Boyd Barr,&nbsp;Erin Stratton,&nbsp;Cam Escoffery,&nbsp;Michelle Kegler","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.410089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.410089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined 1) changes in smoking and vaping behavior and associated cotinine levels and health status among regular smokers who were first-time e-cigarette purchasers and 2) attitudes, intentions, and restrictions regarding e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a pilot longitudinal study with assessments of the aforementioned factors and salivary cotinine at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Eligibility criteria included being ≥18 years old, smoking ≥25 of the last 30 days, smoking ≥5 cigarettes per day (cpd), smoking regularly ≥1 year, and not having started using e-cigarettes. Of 72 individuals screened, 40 consented, 36 completed the baseline survey, and 83.3% and 72.2% were retained at weeks 4 and 8, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reduced cigarette consumption from baseline to week 4 and 8 (p's < 0.001); 23.1% reported no cigarette use in the past month at week 8. There was no significant decrease in cotinine from baseline to week 4 or 8 (p's = ns). At week 8, the majority reported improved health (65.4%), reduced smoker's cough (57.7%), and improved sense of smell (53.8%) and taste (50.0%). The majority believed that e-cigarettes versus regular cigarettes have fewer health risks (97.2%) and that e-cigarettes have been shown to help smokers quit (80.6%) and reduce cigarette consumption (97.2%). In addition, the majority intended to use e-cigarettes as a complete replacement for regular cigarettes (69.4%) and reported no restriction on e-cigarette use in the home (63.9%) or car (80.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future research is needed to document the long-term impact on smoking behavior and health among cigarette smokers who initiate use of e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 10","pages":"789-800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4236/ojpm.2014.410089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33002646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges Faced by Village Health Teams (VHTs) in Amuru, Gulu and Pader Districts in Northern Uganda.","authors":"Geofrey Kimbugwe,&nbsp;Maghanga Mshilla,&nbsp;Denis Oluka,&nbsp;Olivia Nalikka,&nbsp;Joseph Kyangwa,&nbsp;Stella Zalwango,&nbsp;Uthuman Kilizza,&nbsp;Munanura Turyasiima,&nbsp;Louis Ntambazi,&nbsp;Fred Walugembe,&nbsp;Julius Galiwango","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.49084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.49084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary health care provision through innovative community level interventions such as the Village Health Team (VHT) concept in Uganda can be a rational way of achieving universal access to healthcare. This cross-sectional study interviewed 150 VHT members and 16 key informants in three districts in Northern Uganda to establish the roles of VHTs, the service gaps encountered and the measures in place to address these gaps. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Direct content analysis of themes of transcribed qualitative data was conducted manually for common codes. The majority of the respondents 64.29% (n = 72) reported to have been VHT volunteers for more than 5 years. Among the roles were community mobilization reported by 99.1% (n = 111) and home visiting of individuals reported by 97.3% (n = 109). Lack of transport, motivation, adequate skills and community appreciation with nearly no measures in place to counteract the challenges was reported by almost all respondents. Although the VHT concept can be a significant means of achieving universal access to primary health care, extensive community involvement and motivation of the volunteers are highly needed for a maximum benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 9","pages":"740-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33943763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in relation to Urinary Estrogen DNA Adduct Ratio.","authors":"Kerryn W Reding,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahid,&nbsp;Ercole Cavalieri,&nbsp;Eleanor G Rogan,&nbsp;Brianne S Raccor,&nbsp;Charlotte Atkinson,&nbsp;Mellissa Yong,&nbsp;Katherine M Newton,&nbsp;Johanna W Lampe","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.46050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.46050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estrogen exposure plays a role in breast cancer (BC) development. A novel estrogen biomarker, the estrogen DNA adduct (EDA) ratio, was shown to be elevated in women at high-risk of BC and among BC cases. Modifiable factors may impact the EDA ratio, with studies demonstrating that resveratrol reduces EDA ratio <i>in vitro</i>. We sought to examine the hypothesis that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables is inversely associated with EDA ratio.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis was conducted in 53 pre-menopausal, healthy women aged 40-45 years from a cross-sectional study in which participants provided first-void urine samples and 3-day food records. Urine samples were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The EDA ratio was calculated as the estrogen-DNA adducts divided by estrogen metabolites and conjugates. A trend test was used to assess associations between tertiles of dietary intake using linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for age, total energy, percent adiposity, serum estradiol and estrone-sulfate, we observed inverse associations of EDA ratio with carbohydrate consumption (<i>P</i>=0.01) and vegetable intake (<i>P</i> =0.01). EDA ratio was inversely associated with 5 botanical groups (Chenopodiaceae: <i>P</i>=0.02; Umbelliferae: <i>P</i>=0.03; Compositae: <i>P</i>=0.01; Ericaceae: <i>P</i>=0.01; Musaceae: <i>P</i>=0.03) but not fruit intake overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although these data require replication before conclusions are drawn, this report suggests an inverse association between vegetable and carbohydrate consumption and EDA ratio.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>While more information is still needed, these findings suggest a link between dietary intake and a biomarker that is both associated with high-risk BC status and associated with modifiable factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 6","pages":"429-437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241683/pdf/nihms594035.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32843228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic, Psychosocial, and Health Behavior Risk Factors Associated with Sexual Risk Behaviors among Southeastern US College Students.","authors":"Carla J Berg,&nbsp;Kincaid Lowe,&nbsp;Erin Stratton,&nbsp;Sherell Brown Goodwin,&nbsp;Linda Grimsley,&nbsp;Jan Rodd,&nbsp;Catherine Williams,&nbsp;Cheri Mattox,&nbsp;Bruce Foster","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.46046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.46046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined correlates of 1) being a virgin; 2) drug or alcohol use prior to the last intercourse; and 3) condom use during the last intercourse in a sample of college students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 24,055 students at six colleges in the Southeast to complete an online survey, yielding 4840 responses (20.1% response rate), with complete data from 4514.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression indicated that correlates of virginity included being younger (p < 0.001), male (p = 0.01), being White or other ethnicity (p < 0.001), attending a four-vs. two-year school (p < 0.001), being single/never married (p < 0.001), lower sensation seeking (p < 0.001), more regular religious service attendance (p < 0.001), lower likelihood of smoking (p < 0.001) and marijuana use (p = 0.002), and less frequentdrinking (p < 0.001). Correlates of alcohol or drug use prior to most recent intercourse including being older (p = 0.03), being White (p < 0.01), attending a four-year college (p < 0.001), being homosexual (p = 0.041) or bisexual (p = 0.011), having more lifetime sexual partners (p = 0.005), lower satisfaction with life (p = 0.004), greater likelihood of smoking (p < 0.001) and marijuana use (p < 0.001), and more frequent drinking (p < 0.001). Correlates of condom use during the last sexual intercourse including being older (p = 0.003), being female (p < 0.001), being White (p < 0.001), attending a two-year school (p = 0.04), being single/never married (p = 0.005), being homosexual or bisexual (p = 0.04), and a more frequent drinking (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four-year college attendees were more likely to be a virgin but, if sexually active, reported higher sexual risk behaviors. These nuances regarding sexual risk may provide targets for sexual health promotion programs and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 6","pages":"387-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32539578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem Drinking Behaviors: Differential Effects of Stress and School Type on College Students.","authors":"Alvin Tran,&nbsp;Eric J Nehl,&nbsp;Jessica Sales,&nbsp;Carla J Berg","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.44027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.44027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given that alcohol use is highly prevalent at US colleges, we explored factors related to problem drinking behaviors (PDB; binge drinking, driving after drinking, sexual intercourse after drinking) among 4098 Black and White students from two- and four-year colleges who completed an online survey. We found an interaction between race and sex such that, among Whites, females had less PDB than males (B = 0.09, CI: 0.05; 0.40, p = 0.01). An interaction between race and school type also existed, such that White students from four-year schools had greater PDB (B = 0.11, CI: 0.20; 0.54, p < 0.001). An interaction between race and stress suggested that Black students were more negatively affected by stress in terms of PBD (B = 0.12, CI: 0.01; 0.07, p = 0.01).</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 4","pages":"216-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4079051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32484576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Black and White Female College Students at Two- and Four-Year Colleges and Universities.","authors":"Carla J Berg,&nbsp;Sherell Brown Goodwin,&nbsp;Erin Stratton,&nbsp;Kincaid Lowe,&nbsp;Linda Grimsley,&nbsp;Jan Rodd,&nbsp;Catherine Williams,&nbsp;Cheri Mattox,&nbsp;Bruce Foster","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.44029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.44029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We compared fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, physical activity (PA), and overweight/ obesity among Black and White females attending two- and four-year colleges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 24,055 students at six colleges in the Southeast to complete an online survey, yielding 4840 responses (20.1% response rate). The current analyses focused on the 2276 Black and White females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that recommended FV intake among White females was associated with greater extraversion (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.00, 1.11, p = 0.05) and greater conscientiousness (OR = 1.08, CI 1.02, 1.14, p = 0.01), whereas among Black females correlates included greater openness to experience (OR = 1.08, CI 1.01, 1.15, p = 0.03). Ordinal logistic regression analyses indicated that, among White females, greater PA was associated with attending a four-year college (Beta = 0.27, CI 0.01, 0.53, p = 0.04), whereas among Black females, correlates were with younger age (Beta = 0.01, CI 0.17, 0.03, p = 0.003) and greater emotional stability (Beta = 0.07, CI 0.01, 0.13, p = 0.02). Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that, among White females, being overweight or obese was associated with older age (OR = 1.08, CI 1.01, 1.16, p = 0.03), attending a two-year college (OR = 1.62, CI 1.22, 2.16, p = 0.001), and lower satisfaction with life (OR = 0.96, CI 0.94, 0.98, p = 0.002), whereas among Black females, being overweight or obese was associated with older age (OR = 1.87, CI 1.10, 1.28, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Identifying factors related to obesity-related factors is critical in developing interventions targeting factors associated with overweight and obesity among Black and White females attending two- and four-year colleges. Moreover, understanding different college settings and the contextual factors associated with overweight/obesity is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 4","pages":"229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200391/pdf/nihms586858.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32757729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Recommendations to Recruiting Women Who Do Not Adhere to Follow-Up Gynecological Care.","authors":"LaShawn Wordlaw-Stinson, Sierra Jones, Shaneese Little, Laura Fish, Adriana Vidal, Jennifer S Smith, Cathrine Hoyo, Patricia G Moorman","doi":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.43017","DOIUrl":"10.4236/ojpm.2014.43017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Non-adherence to recommended follow-up visits after an abnormal cytological finding is associated with poorer outcomes and higher health care costs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the challenges when examining reasons for non-adherence to cervical cancer screening follow-up and to discuss the recommendations to overcome those challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a telephone survey with two subgroups of women: 1) those which adhered to recommended follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test, and 2) those which did not adhere.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The follow-up accrual among non-adherent women lagged behind that of adherers. We were able to contact and conduct a survey with 51% of the adherers and 26% of the non-adherers. The challenges in studying non-adherent women were related to several distinct factors: 1) the definition of non-adherence, 2) the availability of alternate contact information, 3) the amount and type of financial incentives, and 4) the availability of staffing. We describe strategies employed to increase the accrual of non-adherent women.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This paper describes four recommendations that may play a role in understanding and reducing non-adherence to follow-up gynecological care.</p>","PeriodicalId":64464,"journal":{"name":"预防医学期刊(英文)","volume":"4 3","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32477641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}