自我保健最新文献

{"title":"MENTAL HEALTH CLINICIANS' 12-STEP REFERRAL PRACTICES WITH DUALLY DIAGNOSED CLIENTS","authors":"Cherie L Villano, A. Laudet, A. Rosenblum, C. Fong, S. Magura, T. Betzler, Howard S. Vogel, E. Knight","doi":"10.2190/4VXR-74QE-964D-0XKB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/4VXR-74QE-964D-0XKB","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines mental health clinicians’ beliefs about dually diagnosed clients’ self-efficacy and capacity for recovery and attitudes toward and referrals to traditional 12-step groups for such clients. Clinicians evidence moderate confidence in dually diagnosed clients’ self-efficacy and capacity for recovery, positive attitudes toward 12-step groups, but rarely refer dually diagnosed clients to traditional 12-step groups. Clinicians’ beliefs that dually diagnosed clients were unlikely to achieve total recovery are associated with less frequent 12-step referrals. Findings support the need for a dualfocus 12-step group that addresses both substance use and mental health disorders—such as Double Trouble in Recovery (DTR)—and the importance of staff training on client empowerment for recovery, including 12-step utilization. *This study was funded by NIDA Grant #R01DAO15912 (PI: S. Magura).","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"49 1","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74331585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Destigmatization of HIV: Progress or Regress?","authors":"I. Coulter, C. Maida","doi":"10.2190/VK83-87L0-K726-67GH","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/VK83-87L0-K726-67GH","url":null,"abstract":"The HIV epidemic has resulted in a renewed interest by social scientists in stigmatization and in a corresponding need to reconceptualize stigma, especially its relationship to power. While the professions have some power to control stigma, the emergence of self-help and mutual aid groups such as those founded by the gay activists involved in the AIDS epidemic, has shown that patients are not simply passive victims in the process of stigmatization. This new approach to stigma raises the questions: does destigmatization occur? What would constitute evidence of such a process? This article examines the change from seeing HIV as an epidemic and as a fatal disease to seeing it as a chronic illness—a possible example of destigmatization in action, noting the basic problems and promise of this process.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"439 1","pages":"213-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84531339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROVIDING NORMATIVE FEEDBACK ON THE INTERNET TO STIMULATE SELF-EVALUATION OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND CANNABIS USE","authors":"Steven W. Villafranca, K. Weingardt, K. Humphreys, J. Cunningham","doi":"10.2190/5X95-18BJ-63M6-218A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/5X95-18BJ-63M6-218A","url":null,"abstract":"An internet application was created to provide users with personalized normative feedback regarding their use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Ninety-nine participants completed the alcohol assessment, 52 completed the cannabis assessment, and 60 completed the smoking assessment. Respondents expressed interest in the expansion of the site to include illicit use of prescription medications, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine. As far as the authors know, the present study, at time of preparation of this manuscript, is the first to examine e-mail broadcasting as a recruitment strategy, and to use normative feedback regarding cannabis usage over the internet. The use of personalized feedback over the internet offers an extremely costeffective approach to helping substance users who may not access traditional treatment services.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"123 1","pages":"87-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83511991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MY MID-LIFE CRISIS AND AFTERWARD: VARIOUS HERMENEUTICAL ANALYSES OF LIVED EXPERIENCES: PART 3 - MEN'S WORK AND SOME THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS","authors":"E. Barton","doi":"10.2190/5UK2-0M3Q-C3AN-0CUJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/5UK2-0M3Q-C3AN-0CUJ","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"1 1","pages":"155-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89203537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PROPOSED MODEL FOR INTEGRATING MEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICES","authors":"I. Montoya, D. Bell","doi":"10.2190/52GL-FFV2-N8CX-VJP8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/52GL-FFV2-N8CX-VJP8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To present four treatment models and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing HIV risk for high-risk patients. Methods: Four models are described: 1) Traditional Medical Practice Model; 2) Physician Management Model; 3) Integrated Provider-Patient Management Model; and 4) Integrated Network Treatment Model. Data from a study of 168 drug user and nonuser social networks are used to simulate the effects of each practice model on HIV transmission and seroconversion. Survey respondents described sexual and injection risk behaviors and partners for the last 30 days. An HIV risk index was computed for each individual, combining reported risk behaviors, HIV prevalence rates for partners and HIV transmission probabilities for each risk behavior. To evaluate the 4 models, 1 person from each network was selected as a “patient” and a simulation was performed to estimate the number of network members who would seroconvert to HIV over a 10-year period as affected by prevention efforts within each model. Results: The simulation projected that 99.7 persons in the social networks studied would seroconvert over 10 years without any intervention. The Integrated Network Treatment Model produced the greatest reduction in risk, producing 12.6 fewer seroconversions over 10 years. Conclusions: The greater the patient involvement in prevention-oriented interventions, the greater the effect. The most pronounced effect occurs when a patient’s unique social network is included in the prevention effort. *This study is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse #R01-DA11414. Opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86432857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MY MID-LIFE CRISIS AND AFTERWARD: VARIOUS HERMENEUTICAL ANALYSES OF LIVED EXPERIENCES: PART 2 - HEART CHALLENGES AND SOCIAL SUPPORT","authors":"E. Barton","doi":"10.2190/AW1M-CJJ2-F8GB-Q42F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/AW1M-CJJ2-F8GB-Q42F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"55 1","pages":"151-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85968935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Initial Imprinting of the Self-Help Groups of Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous in Greece: The Demographic Facts","authors":"Raftopoulos Antonis, Flora Katerina","doi":"10.2190/B064-7Q58-32T4-8585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/B064-7Q58-32T4-8585","url":null,"abstract":"Although the self-help groups of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) in Greece count more than 20 years of life, the related research in the field in this country is limited. This study is the first in this context. The study was conducted in a 16-month period (September 2004–January 2006) in the following towns: Athens, Thessaloniki, Serres, Nafplio, Iraklio, and Katerini. It was carried out in the frame of a diplomatic study in the postgraduate program of Social and Clinical Psychology of Addictions and Psychosocial Problems at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki under the supervision of Phoebus Zafiridis. The research aims to provide a general picture of AA and NA groups in Greece at the present time. We profile the people who participate in NA and AA groups. Specifically, this article presents an analysis of the answers of the 18 first items of a questionnaire on the demographic characteristics of AA and NA members. Findings are compared to those provided by the central organizations of AA and NA as well as similar official therapeutic programs in Greece. Our final sample includes 22 members of AA groups and 60 members of NA groups. The approach to the members proved to be the most difficult and important part of the research. The participants responded to 55 questions voluntarily and anonymously. Statistical analysis was conducted with statistical tool SPSS-12, in some cases augmented by qualitative Thematic Analysis. The findings describe the characteristics and main demographic features of our sample, specifically: sex, age, nationality/citizenship, denomination, marital","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"43 1","pages":"193-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84550303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Work Mandate among Drug Users","authors":"I. Montoya","doi":"10.2190/K703-V540-2768-0683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/K703-V540-2768-0683","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the independent effects of work-activityparticipation status (whether a welfare recipient is required to work or is exempt from such requirements) on employment, receipt of cash welfare benefits known as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and psychological functioning. The sample consisted of 228 female TANF recipients, 75 of whom were chronic drug users. Participants were administered self-report instruments to measure self-perceived work skills and barriers to employment, drug use, employment-related variables, TANF receipt, and psychological functioning. Contrary to the tested study hypotheses, results show that the work mandate was not significantly related to employment and was positively related to TANF receipt. The work mandate showed no effect on psychological distress. Aside from initial psychological functioning, selfperceived employment barriers had the only significant impact on change in psychological functioning. Self-perceived office skills was a significant predictor of higher wages earned and less time to employment. It is concluded that training recipient in office skills training while continuing to address other barriers may be the best approach to accomplishing the goals of welfare reform. INTRODUCTION The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) established a new welfare cash assistance program known as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF. PRWORA was enacted in order to curb welfare dependency by setting a five-year lifetime maximum on *This study was supported by grant #R01-DA-11414 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author. 177 2005, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc. recipients’ eligibility for federally funded benefits. In conjunction with this federal time limit, states have been given the responsibility of requiring able-boded recipients of TANF to participate in “work activities,” such as paid employment, volunteer work, classroom training, and on-the-job training, in exchange for cash benefits. Recipients face financial sanctions for non-compliance. Whereas the first wave of welfare reform in 1996 required 50% of TANF families to be engaged in work activities by 2002, a newly proposed policy may require as many as 70% of TANF families to participate in work activities by the year 2007 [1]. The number of qualifying work activities would also be decreased, and the number of hours recipients are required to participate in work activities would increase. In light of these proposed changes, it is crucial to examine the effects of the TANF work mandate to this point. Understandably, studies of the work mandate and welfare reform in general have largely focused on employment rates and welfare receipt. These studies have generally found that welfare reform and the work mandate have been successful in moving welfare recipients into employment, though studies of specific outcomes have","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"33 1","pages":"177-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87910520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARISONS: PROFESSIONALLY-DIRECTED AND SELF-DIRECTED INTERNET GROUPS FOR WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER","authors":"M. Lieberman, M. Golant, Andre Winzelberg, F. McTavish, D. Gustafson","doi":"10.2190/GE85-J31W-XJV7-LB9L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/GE85-J31W-XJV7-LB9L","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological interventions for women coping with breast cancer (BC) have embraced the idea that the open expression of negative emotions is beneficial. This study asks if there is a difference in the amount of negative emotions expressed by members of professional-led compared to self-directed on-line support groups. To answer this question we examined the support group messages written by participants of 11 Internet delivered BC support groups. Seven were facilitated by professionals and four were self-directed. We used two text analysis software programs, LWIC and PCAD, to categorize the interaction. Groups conducted by professionals expressed significantly more negative emotions, anxiety, hostility, and depression and fewer positive emotions than self-directed groups. These differences suggest what leaders encourage, reinforce, model, and may influence members’ behaviors. Professionals encourage the further expression of such emotions, whereas lay leaders more often respond with support and reassurance to members who express painful emotions.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"2016 1","pages":"219-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87825989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CODE OF GRACE: A CULTURAL APPROACH TO 12-STEP FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMS IN HUNGARY","authors":"G. Kelemen, Marta B. Erdos","doi":"10.2190/UQWD-57EU-48RK-6AE5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/UQWD-57EU-48RK-6AE5","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a cultural approach to Hungarian self-help and self-care groups for drug and alcohol addicts. Authors rely on previous results of a qualitative data analysis in outlining a new code of communication, representing differing values, norms, and attitudes of the speech community of sober addicts. Functionally, the code of grace facilitates integration of human experiences that would count as taboos in the dominant culture. Major constituents and interrelations of the code are described.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"49 1","pages":"187-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74746411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}