自我保健最新文献_第10页

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GAMBLERS ANONYMOUS 匿名赌徒的性别差异

自我保健 Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2190/4A25-MBXK-81UX-JLVA

Peter Ferentzy, W. Skinner, P. Antze

{"title":"GENDER DIFFERENCES IN GAMBLERS ANONYMOUS","authors":"Peter Ferentzy, W. Skinner, P. Antze","doi":"10.2190/4A25-MBXK-81UX-JLVA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/4A25-MBXK-81UX-JLVA","url":null,"abstract":"Gamblers Anonymous (GA) has earned a reputation in the literature as a fellowship with very few women and as host to a recovery culture that marginalizes women’s needs and concerns. A notable example would be the preponderance of “war stories”—recovery jargon for graphic and often disturbing accounts of one’s life in active addiction—said to alienate many women. However, a 16-month study of GA in the Toronto area has found that this mutual aid organization has changed significantly over the last 10 to 15 years. The number of women in the Toronto area now stands at possibly 20% and rising, war stories no longer predominate, and other changes amenable to women have also taken place. There is good reason to believe that these shifts in GA’s recovery culture have not been limited to Toronto. Still, this was a preliminary study, and these findings call for detailed quantitative verification. *While this article has not been submitted elsewhere, sections from it were based on our final report: Ferentzy, P., Skinner, W., Antze, P. (2004) “Exploring Mutual Aid Pathways to Gambling Problems,” Final Report submitted to the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre after a 16-month study of Gamblers Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. Funding this study was provided by the Ontario Gambling Research Centre.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"38 1","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

SELF-MANAGEMENT IN ONLINE SELF-HELP GROUPS FOR BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: FINDING THE RIGHT GROUP, A SPECULATIVE HYPOTHESIS 乳腺癌患者在线自助小组的自我管理:寻找合适的小组，一个推测性的假设

自我保健 Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2190/0009-9E12-HT6D-3J13

M. Lieberman

{"title":"SELF-MANAGEMENT IN ONLINE SELF-HELP GROUPS FOR BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: FINDING THE RIGHT GROUP, A SPECULATIVE HYPOTHESIS","authors":"M. Lieberman","doi":"10.2190/0009-9E12-HT6D-3J13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/0009-9E12-HT6D-3J13","url":null,"abstract":"A common strategy to maximize the effectiveness of psychotherapy is patient placement to a particular form or type of psychotherapy. Six online selfdirected breast cancer groups (N = 114) were studied to explore the speculative hypothesis that participants select the particular group that best fits their needs. All the groups encouraged “lurking,” reading the postings before joining. Seventy-four percent lurked, half of them for about a week, the other half from two to eight weeks. Forty-eight percent shopped for “the right fit” by trying out other Internet BC groups. We found that: 1) pre-post measures (six months) show substantial improvement; 2) analysis of between groups differences in outcomes was not significant; and 3) analysis of processes linked to positive outcomes (Helpful Group Experiences and negative emotional expression) differed among the groups. The findings may be explained by the prospective members’ ability to sample a variety of groups and to select the one that they believe will be the most comfortable and helpful to them. A common strategy used to maximize the effectiveness of professionally provided psycho-social intervention is matching a patient to a particular form or type of psychotherapy. For nearly 50 years clinicians have written about and studied criteria for such placement. An organized matching strategy is not an option for both traditional and online self-help groups. The goal of this study is to examine a speculative hypothesis: in online SHG groups, matching to a specific group occurs through the active choices made by participants. Specifically, the study explores the common practice of “lurking,” reading the group members messages but not","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"3 1","pages":"313-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85589068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLIO SURVIVOR SELF-HELP ORGANIZATIONS 小儿麻痹症幸存者自助组织的特点

自我保健 Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2190/BACM-GF7X-LGAM-QRER

G. Sloss, Sandra S. French

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF POLIO SURVIVOR SELF-HELP ORGANIZATIONS","authors":"G. Sloss, Sandra S. French","doi":"10.2190/BACM-GF7X-LGAM-QRER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/BACM-GF7X-LGAM-QRER","url":null,"abstract":"While polio has been largely eliminated from the developed world, millions of survivors suffer not only the direct effects of this disease but many face new obstacles 20 to 40 years after “recovering” from the initial viral infection. With few of today’s doctors familiar with how polio affects the body, survivors have created self-help groups for social support and to disseminate the most recent information on what is commonly referred to as “post polio syndrome” or “post polio sequelae.” Post polio groups differ from other health focused groups like cancer and obesity, in that they do not have a new pool of potential members from which they can recruit. However, our survey of 83 polio self-help groups finds several similarities in organizational goals, structure, and services to other types of self-help organizations. The groups’ focus was primarily on providing members with health related information and social support. Leaders tended to be well educated professional females. Many post polio self-help groups had alliances with other polio groups and with medical clinics and hospitals. Polio reached epidemic proportions in the United States in the 1940s and early 1950s (Neus, 1999). Since then, however, in a review of major diseases, McKinlay and McKinlay (1990) reported polio to be one of the few diseases to have declined due to direct medical intervention. Indeed, Salk and Sabin were hailed as heroes for their work on polio vaccines. In the late 1980s work began to eradicate polio from the earth. Polio has been absent in the United States since 1979, from the","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"190 1","pages":"281-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79528541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR FOR HIV-RELATED SOCIAL SERVICES AMONG THE URBAN POOR 城市贫困人口寻求艾滋病毒相关社会服务的行为

自我保健 Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2190/9QMQ-DXLN-7H5X-LPXQ

I. Montoya

{"title":"HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOR FOR HIV-RELATED SOCIAL SERVICES AMONG THE URBAN POOR","authors":"I. Montoya","doi":"10.2190/9QMQ-DXLN-7H5X-LPXQ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/9QMQ-DXLN-7H5X-LPXQ","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the factors affecting the help-seeking behavior for HIV-related social services among a sample of HIV+ urban poor individuals. In particular, the article examines how financial transfers from friends and family affect the decision to seek HIV social services from public and community organizations. The effect of transfers on the help-seeking behavior is examined while controlling for sociodemographic factors, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) status, and HIV-transmission mode. The determinants of help-seeking behavior were estimated by conducting nine logistic regressions on a sample of 501 HIV+ individuals. The results showed that financial transfers from friends and family had a negative effect on individual’s help-seeking behavior for social HIV-services, especially for supportive services. The results also showed that sociodemographic factors and HIV-transmission mode were significant determinants in the help-seeking behavior for HIV-services. One of the central issues surrounding public health policy is how to meet the increasing demand for social services from individuals living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis of HIV and AIDS makes many individuals more *Support for this research was provided by grant #DA11414 to the collaborating investigators from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"31 1","pages":"299-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88098434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EXPERIENCING MY MID-LIFE CRISES AND AFTERWARD: VARIOUS HERMENEUTICAL ANALYSES OF LIVED EXPERIENCES Part 1 经历我的中年危机及其之后:对生活经验的各种解释学分析第1部分

自我保健 Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.2190/EE7V-870H-KWN4-06HH

E. Barton

引用次数: 2

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POSTTREATMENT ATTENDANCE IN ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS: THEORY AND METHODS TO INFORM PROVIDER REFERRALS 影响匿名戒酒者治疗后出勤的因素:理论和方法来告知提供者转介

自我保健 Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2190/W3BX-9CUJ-9PGL-HW43

R. Cloud

{"title":"FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE POSTTREATMENT ATTENDANCE IN ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS: THEORY AND METHODS TO INFORM PROVIDER REFERRALS","authors":"R. Cloud","doi":"10.2190/W3BX-9CUJ-9PGL-HW43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/W3BX-9CUJ-9PGL-HW43","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse researchers are reporting that weekly posttreatment twelve-step (TS) meeting attendance predicts substantially superior drinking outcomes. Unfortunately, research has consistently observed a high rate of posttreatment AA attrition and underutilization. The primary aims of this analysis are to advance theory of TS affiliation and to test the feasibility of identifying patients who are at risk for posttreatment AA disaffiliation. The analysis uses Project MATCH data consisting of subjects who were assigned to the twelve-step facilitative treatment condition (N = 582). Corroborating other research, results suggest that average weekly attendance at one year posttreatment is associated with abstinent rates almost two times that of less than weekly attendance; unfortunately, over 70% of the subjects attended less than weekly. Analysis using binary logistic regression suggests seven variables can explain a large proportion of the variance among those with less than weekly or no AA attendance at the one year follow-up interval. The results are explained in terms of two theories: First, those who attend weekly may have a greater need for social support (stress and copying theory); and second, those who are a better fit within the AA culture (person-in-AA organizational fit theory). Last, a simple four variable prediction model was able to predict a large proportion of those who reported less than weekly attendance (sensitivity = .78, specificity = .77). Although research has generally reported favorable effects related to treatment, alcohol dependence is best characterized as a chronic-relapsing condition with","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"45 1","pages":"135-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87867419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

OUTPATIENT SELF HELP FOR DRUG DEPENDENT INDIVIDUALS IN GERMANY--APPROACHES, CLIENTELE, AND EFFECTS 德国药物依赖个体的门诊自助——方法、客户和效果

自我保健 Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2190/0J9M-DUYT-1L1T-PKKH

Frederic Fredersdorf, Nanda Beck

引用次数: 1

THE IMPACT OF A BRIEF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION PROGRAM ON PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE 一个简短的基于正念的减压计划对感知生活质量的影响

自我保健 Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2190/RJFN-VE8H-WWH6-R5QD

B. Jacobs, L. Nagel

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF A BRIEF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION PROGRAM ON PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIFE","authors":"B. Jacobs, L. Nagel","doi":"10.2190/RJFN-VE8H-WWH6-R5QD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/RJFN-VE8H-WWH6-R5QD","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine if a five-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, that incorporated mindfulness meditation and yoga, positively influenced perceived quality of life as defined and described by the World Health Organization (WHO). A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group, 2 × 2 repeated measures (pre/post) factorial design was used to examine an employee wellness program at a southwestern university. A total of 51 university employees participated in the study: 21 employees who were enrolled in the MBSR program (intervention group) and 30 randomly selected employees (comparison group). Fifty-two questions from the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire— the WHOQOL-100—tested the research hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate that the MBSR program has a positive influence on perceived quality of life specific to four domains measured in this study, i.e., physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The biomedical model definition of health is currently the most widely used in medical research and simply conceptualizes health as the absence of disease or infirmity. However, the World Health Organization’s (World Health Organization, 2001a) most recent definition of health is based on a biopsychosocial model of medicine that considers the absence of disease or infirmity as well as a person’s physical, mental, and social well-being. The WHO’s model has gained increased popularity over the past 20 years (Larson, 1999). As a component of this","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"12 1","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87470645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

A NATURALISTIC COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES AT SOCIAL AND CLINICAL MODEL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PROGRAMS 社会和临床模式药物滥用治疗方案结果的自然比较

自我保健 Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2190/CK88-84XD-PRGE-0B1P

L. Kaskutas, L. Ammon, C. Weisner

{"title":"A NATURALISTIC COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES AT SOCIAL AND CLINICAL MODEL SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PROGRAMS","authors":"L. Kaskutas, L. Ammon, C. Weisner","doi":"10.2190/CK88-84XD-PRGE-0B1P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/CK88-84XD-PRGE-0B1P","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1970s, much of the public treatment system in California has been based on a social model orientation to recovery for alcoholics, but there has been minimal research on program outcomes. This article reports on follow-up interviews conducted with a representative sample of 722 people who had entered treatment about a year earlier in public and private programs, including publicly-funded social model detoxification and residential programs, and clinical model programs in hospitals and HMO clinics. Social model clients came to treatment with more severe legal and employment problems, whereas those seeking treatment at clinical programs reported more severe family problems. At follow-up, clients at both types of programs reported attending a similar number of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings, but social model clients reported going to more Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings and being involved in more AA activities. Social model clients were less likely than clinical model clients to report problems with alcohol or drugs at follow-up, but the odds of reporting other problems (e.g., medical, psychological, legal, family/social) were similar. The program effect for better alcohol outcomes at the social model programs was partially *This research was supported by the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA grants R01 AA09750-04 and P50 AA05595) and the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT)/National Evaluation Data Technical Assistance Center (NEDTAC contract 270-94-0001).","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"4 1","pages":"111-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79890784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

SUBSTANCE ABUSE: THE NEED FOR SECOND-ORDER CHANGE 药物滥用:需要二阶改变

自我保健 Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.2190/7EEP-D4HH-PAAA-L87P

Bradley Olson, J. Ferrari, Margaret I. Davis, L. Jason

{"title":"SUBSTANCE ABUSE: THE NEED FOR SECOND-ORDER CHANGE","authors":"Bradley Olson, J. Ferrari, Margaret I. Davis, L. Jason","doi":"10.2190/7EEP-D4HH-PAAA-L87P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2190/7EEP-D4HH-PAAA-L87P","url":null,"abstract":"Under modern managed care, private and public sector inpatient substance abuse have reduced their services dramatically. Compounding this problem is the finding that various traditional substance abuse treatment programs, including inpatient and outpatient treatment programs, have high rates of recidivism. There is a need to develop and evaluate lower cost, non-medical, community-based care options for individuals recovering from substancerelated disorders. Therapeutic communities, self-help groups, communal recovery homes, harm reduction interventions, and preventive communitybased interventions have features that might impact “processes of change,” particularly those proposed in the transtheoretical model of change (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). These more comprehensive community-based interventions might influence a wide range of processes to produce second-order change (Watzlawick, Weakland, & Fisch, 1974). Substance abuse and addiction are among the most pressing health and social issues facing the international community (Leshner, 1998). In the United States, *The authors appreciate the financial support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA12218) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA13231).","PeriodicalId":64356,"journal":{"name":"自我保健","volume":"31 1","pages":"91-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78870327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11