{"title":"Distributed control of hybrid AC microgrids with dynamic active and reactive power capacity tuning","authors":"I. Nutkani, P. Loh, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342573","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids comprise of emerging generation technologies such as fuel cell, solar PV, wind turbine generator, storage and loads. They can, in principle, operate at different voltages and frequencies. Tying them either to the mains grid or among themselves would certainly require some interlinking power converters, whose control should preferably be done autonomously without demanding communication links. This paper proposes distributed control for power management between two Microgrids interlinked through inverters. The control scheme aims to reduce the reactive power loading stress on DERs and also allows active power transfer from overloaded grid to under- loaded grid. The performance of proposed control has been verified in simulation and through a scaled-down experimental system.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"101 1","pages":"1954-1959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87936177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rowe, Terrence J. Summers, Robert E. Betz, Tim Moore
{"title":"An Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for enhanced Q'-V droop in a microgrid","authors":"C. Rowe, Terrence J. Summers, Robert E. Betz, Tim Moore","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342384","url":null,"abstract":"The state of the art power balancing control utilized in microgrids is known as `Power Frequency Droop'. Contemporary power frequency droop schemes utilise Proportional Integral (PI) controllers for voltage magnitude control. The power quantity directly coupled to the voltage is Q' (Q-dash power). Q' is present in, and affects, the error signal of the PI voltage controller. The controller is acting on two input signals, voltage and Q'. To avoid control interactions, the filtering applied to Q' must be significantly slower than the filtering applied to the voltage. Thus the need to avoid control interactions leads to decreased bandwidth of the power control loop. This paper introduces an adaptive sliding mode voltage controller that is able to increase the power control loop bandwidth. The effectiveness of the control scheme is proven by results presented from SABER® simulations and a dSPACE® hardware system consisting of two inverters.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"31 1","pages":"2727-2734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89106636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. D. de Lacerda, E. D. da Silva, E. C. dos Santos Junior, C. Jacobina
{"title":"Reduced switch count three-phase AC-to-AC converters with input Power Factor Control","authors":"A. L. D. de Lacerda, E. D. da Silva, E. C. dos Santos Junior, C. Jacobina","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342707","url":null,"abstract":"Main goal of this paper is to investigate four three-phase proposed AC-to-AC converters. Coupling of input inductors of a basic topology, allows improve the input power factor and input current waveform and the introduction of a three-level leg allows for DC-bus voltage control. This happens without any complicated switching modulation or current feedback control. The topologies can operate with either variable or fixed output frequency. The main characteristics of the proposed configurations are presented and experimental results verify the theoretical studies.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"46 8","pages":"1017-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91489898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement-based analytical model of Conduction and Switching Losses of three-phase AC-DC matrix rectifier","authors":"K. You, D. Xiao, M. F. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the analytical models of Conduction and Switching Losses (CASLs) of the three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier. An analytical model of CASLs is obtained through the examination of operating principles for three-phase ac-dc matrix rectifier. The effectiveness of the models has been experimentally verified.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":" 10","pages":"302-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91512670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and control system design for an integrated solar generation and energy storage system with a ride-through capability","authors":"Xiao-yu Wang, M. Yue, E. Muljadi","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342472","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a generic approach for PV panel modeling. Data for this modeling can be easily obtained from manufacturer datasheet, which provides a convenient way for the researchers and engineers to investigate the PV integration issues. A two-stage power conversion system (PCS) is adopted in this paper for the PV generation system and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can be connected to the dc-link through a bi-directional dc/dc converter. In this way, the BESS can provide some ancillary services which may be required in the high penetration PV generation scenario. In this paper, the fault ride-through (FRT) capability is specifically focused. The integrated BESS and PV generation system together with the associated control systems is modeled in PSCAD and Matlab platforms and the effectiveness of the controller is validated by the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"3727-3734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90222762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topology and PWM method dependency of high frequency leakage current characteristics of voltage source inverter driven AC motor drives","authors":"N. O. Çetin, A. Hava","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342324","url":null,"abstract":"In PWM inverter based AC motor drives, high frequency common-mode voltage (CMV) causes high frequency common-mode current (CMC, motor leakage current). With its magnitude reaching ampere levels, the CMC can induce bearing failures, drive nuisance trips, EMC issues etc. The CMC is dependent on the inverter topology (two or three-level), PWM method (pulse pattern), and the filters if active/passive mitigation methods used. This paper investigates the CMV/CMC properties of the two and three-level VSIs [with and without common-mode inductor (CMI)] for various PWM methods. It shows the peak CMC is highly dependent on the PWM method and pulse sequence (in addition to dv/dt). The PWM methods pulse pattern and sequence analyses are supported by detailed experiments to illustrate that the reduced CMV PWM methods with proper pulse sequences yield low peak CMC and the inclusion of a CMI filter provides further suppression. Furthermore, the high frequency CMV/CMC spectra for various PWM methods are provided comparatively. It is shown that when the common-mode resonant frequency coincides with the dominant CMV frequency, the CMC can be amplified. As a result a comprehensive leakage current evaluation is provided in the paper. The information is useful for design and implementation of motor drive PWM algorithms and high frequency EMC filters in terms of CMV/CMC performance considering CMV/CMC reduction.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"24 11","pages":"3430-3437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91402369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of latch-based and switch-based, sampled-data, three-phase, PWM, voltage-source inverter models for dynamic analysis","authors":"J. Kikuchi, C. Wolf, M. Degner","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342192","url":null,"abstract":"A switch-based, sampled-data, three-phase, pulse width modulated (PWM), voltage-source inverter (VSI) model for dynamic analysis has been derived and compared with the existing latch-based model. Comparisons were made for both time-domain, large-signal and z-domain, small-signal analyses. The switch-based model has the advantage of including inverter switching ripple current in the time-domain, large signal analysis, with minimal computational effort. The z-domain, small-signal model is made time-invariant using an approximation, with the limitations of using this approximation discussed. The switch-based z-domain model shows no significant difference from the latch-based model. This result confirms the validity of the latch-based analysis for z-domain for controller tuning, as long as the approximation needed for time-invariance is valid.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"4619-4626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83419058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doubly fed induction generator in an offshore wind power plant operated at rated V/Hz","authors":"E. Muljadi, M. Singh, V. Gevorgian","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342740","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the concept of constant volt/hertz operation of offshore wind power plants (WPPs). The deployment of offshore WPPs requires power transmission from the plant to the load center inland. Because this power transmission requires submarine cables, there is a need to use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, which is economical for distances greater than 50 km. In the concept presented here, the onshore substation was operated at 60 Hz synced with the grid, and the offshore substation was operated at variable frequency and voltage, allowing the WPP to be operated at constant volt/hertz. In this paper, a variable frequency at rated volt/hertz operation was applied to a Type 3 doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator. The size of the power converter at the turbine can be significantly reduced from 30% of the rated power output in a conventional Type 3 turbine to 5% of the rated power. The DFIG allows each turbine to vary its operating speed with respect to the other turbines. Thus, small wind diversity within the WPP can be accommodated by the DFIG, and the collector system frequency can be controlled by HVDC to follow large variations in average wind speed.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"79 1","pages":"779-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80874448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing energy-efficiency in solar radiation trackers for photovoltaic arrays","authors":"G. M. Dousoky, A. El-Sayed, M. Shoyama","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates PV panels' orientation strategies to achieve the maximum incident radiation over the surface of the solar cells at a reasonable cost. Conventionally, PV panels are tilted with the site's latitude angle or the difference between the latitude angle and the solar declination angle of the site. A monthly-based orientation strategy has been proposed and analyzed in this study. The proposed strategy implies that the PV panels are tilted with the monthly-based angle that achieves the maximum incident radiation. Furthermore, the impact of using the proposed orientation strategy and other conventional strategies on the produced power and on the PV system design features has been investigated in detail. A Japanese city (Fukuoka) and an Egyptian city (Al-Kharijah) have been considered as locations for the PV power system installation. The results showed that the proposed strategy achieved an increase in the produced energy from the PV. Therefore, the cost of the PV power system components can be reduced including the solar cells area, and the land area.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"38 1","pages":"4113-4120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84636987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehwan Kim, Youngsun Lee, W. Choi, Mu-Shin Kwak, Young-kook Lee, J. Seok
{"title":"Maximum voltage utilization of IPMSMs using modulating voltage scalability for wide flux weakening applications","authors":"Sehwan Kim, Youngsun Lee, W. Choi, Mu-Shin Kwak, Young-kook Lee, J. Seok","doi":"10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the development and implementation of a hybrid maximum voltage utilization controller for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) over a wide operating region. It has a structure that combines the current vector control (CVC)-type Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) controller and the modulating voltage scaled controller (MVSC). Particularly, the current regulator is deactivated for achieving the true maximum voltage utilization in the MVSC region. The hybrid structure provides a smooth transition from the CVC to the proposed MVSC mode by deactivating the current regulator in the flux weakening region. A seamless transition to the full six-step modulation can be easily realized by adjusting a scaling gain, which can be considered a very significant merit in terms of power utilization for wide flux weakening applications. This paper also attempts to investigate the torque control accuracy under motor parameter drifts and provide how to decouple its influence using a voltage disturbance state-filter design.","PeriodicalId":6401,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"809-814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88564815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}