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A New Look at Old Armenisms in Kartvelian 以卡特维利亚语重新审视旧亚美尼亚语
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/006
Rasmus Thorsø
{"title":"A New Look at Old Armenisms in Kartvelian","authors":"Rasmus Thorsø","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/006","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is concerned with the most ancient layer of Armenian loanwords (armenisms) in the Kartvelian languages. Due to the relatively conservative historical phonology of Kartvelian, compared to Armenian, it appears that more archaic forms have occasionally been preserved. These forms can be identified on the basis of the comparative method. Here, six of the previously proposed armenisms and one new proposal, a word for ‘crane’, are discussed. It is proposed that this stratum of loans probably dates to the latter half of the 2nd millennium BC and prior to the breakup of Proto-Georgian-Zan.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75425719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Brief Introduction to Harsnerēn Harsnerēn简介
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/004
Carla Kekejian
{"title":"A Brief Introduction to Harsnerēn","authors":"Carla Kekejian","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/004","url":null,"abstract":"Harsnerēn, meaning ‘Language of the Bride’ in Armenian, was a gesture-based form of communication used by married women. Harsnerēn was used when communication was absolutely necessary, as restrictions were typically placed on the speech of married women. The fieldwork for this study was conducted in six villages in Armenia where the author of this article filmed and documented first-hand accounts of uses of Harsnerēn. Harsnerēn, while observed as a tradition of the past, allows for an examination of the relationship between language and power dynamics in intimate, familial, and social relationships in modern society.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80203661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Forms of the Indefinite Article in Eastern Armenian Pre-Modern, Early and Colloquial Eastern Armenian Sources 前现代、早期和口语东亚美尼亚语中不定冠词的形式
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/009
H. Sargsyan
{"title":"The Forms of the Indefinite Article in Eastern Armenian\u0000 Pre-Modern, Early and Colloquial Eastern Armenian Sources","authors":"H. Sargsyan","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the formal distinction of the indefinite article from the quantifier ‘one’ in Early and pre-Modern Armenian texts by three 18‑19th century authors as well as in a colloquial Modern Eastern Armenian dialogue. The key question is whether these sources use the same forms for both functions. The paper gives typological, diachronic, and areal perspectives to the analysis of non-standard data rarely included in discussions of the historical grammar of Armenian. It also touches upon some general issues of grammaticalization of the forms of ‘one’ as an indefinite article and the use of numeral classifiers in colloquial Eastern Armenian.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constructions clivées en arménien moderne 现代亚美尼亚的分裂建筑
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/010
Victoria Khurshudyan, A. Donabédian
{"title":"Constructions clivées en arménien moderne","authors":"Victoria Khurshudyan, A. Donabédian","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/010","url":null,"abstract":"As in French or English, cleft constructions in Modern Armenian are biclausal constructions with a matrix clause and a relative-like clause, with an identificational clause as a matrix clause headed by a copula (in present or past), while in the relative-like clause introduced by the main subordinator, the relativised argument is coindexed with the argument of the copula. Typologically, cleft constructions are considered typical of languages with rigid word order; however, they are common in Modern Armenian, a language with flexible word order. It is argued that the intensity of focalisation depends on the strategy used, with simple prosody marking associated with the lowest level of intensity, and preverbal position and clefts associated with intermediate and high-intensity focalisation respectively. The existence of cleft-like constructions in Classical Armenian and both Modern Armenian standards is argued to be evidence of diachronic continuity and a possible grammaticalization path from cleft constructions to the auxiliary movement focus strategy.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91553721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Anonymous Saint in the Armenian Tradition Alexi(an)os the Voluntary Pauper or the Anonymous ‘Man of God’? 亚美尼亚传统中的无名圣人亚历克西(亚历克西)是自愿的乞丐还是无名的“神人”?
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/002
A. Rogozhina
{"title":"The Anonymous Saint in the Armenian Tradition\u0000 Alexi(an)os the Voluntary Pauper or the Anonymous ‘Man of God’?","authors":"A. Rogozhina","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will outline the Armenian tradition of the story of the Man of God who became known in Byzantium and the West as St Alexius (Alexis) the Man of God. The Armenian legend has been preserved in two main versions – as a short synaxaric text, such as the ones found in the synaxaries M1512, M1502 of the Matenadaran, and a fuller Life, preserved in fewer manuscripts (M789, M792). The article will also discuss some specific features of the Armenian text, such as its style, the conspicuous absence of personal names and other details that might allow us to trace the origins of this textual tradition, as well as the possible relations of the Armenian Life to the extant Syriac and Greek texts of the saint’s Life.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77592308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grammaticalization of the Definite Article in Armenian 亚美尼亚语定冠词的语法化
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/008
Katherine Hodgson
{"title":"Grammaticalization of the Definite Article in Armenian","authors":"Katherine Hodgson","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/008","url":null,"abstract":"The Classical Armenian definite article system is unusual for Indo-European, but paralleled in prehistoric common Kartvelian. It may represent an intermediate stage in grammaticalization between demonstratives and definite articles. The Kartvelian articles progressed further down the path of grammaticalization, becoming markers of argument status, and eventually being incorporated into the case system. It has been suggested that the modern Armenian definite article has also progressed further than the stage of definiteness marking, becoming a marker of specificity, but in fact, its non-definite uses are better described as associated with nominalisation, and in particular with core argument status, than with specificity.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82703717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Շքակոխեմ զմեր զփրկութիւնն, hapax nella traduzione armena dell’Epideixis di Sant’Ireneo di Lione: ‘gettare sopra come ombra la nostra salvezza’ Շքակոխեմզմերզփրկութիւնն,亚美尼亚在翻译中hapax dell’Epideixis Sant’Ireneo里昂:‘把作为我们salvezza’黯然失色
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/001
Clara Sanvito
{"title":"Շքակոխեմ զմեր զփրկութիւնն, hapax nella traduzione armena dell’Epideixis di Sant’Ireneo di Lione: ‘gettare sopra come ombra la nostra salvezza’","authors":"Clara Sanvito","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/001","url":null,"abstract":"In the Epideixis by St Irenaeus of Lyons, a work originally written in Greek but only transmitted in an Armenian translation, the otherwise unattested compound verb շքակոխեմ occurs twice, with զմեր զփրկութիւնն (or զփրկութիւնս), ‘our salvation’, as its object. To fully understand its meaning, one must account for both elements, namely շուք and կոխեմ. Since no Greek verb exists that is composed of Greek terms equivalent to both, շքակոխեմ is likely not an exact calque but rather a semicalque on a Greek transitive verb. In this investigation three Greek verbs are identified which շքակոխեմ could have translated. On the basis of a detailed study of the usage of each one in the Greek Scripture, the Author argues that շքակոխեմ was used to render ἐπισκιάζω. This hypothesis is substantiated with the help of similar texts by Irenaeus and other Christian authors.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78969861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classical Armenian Deixis Issues of Translation 古典亚美尼亚指示语的翻译问题
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/007
H. Aghababian
{"title":"Classical Armenian Deixis\u0000 Issues of Translation","authors":"H. Aghababian","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the use of deixis in the Armenian translation of the Greek New Testament, with a focus on the medial deictic forms in the gospel of Matthew. Against the two-way deictic distinction in New Testament Greek with proximal οὗτος and distal ἐκεῖνος, the three-way system in Armenian based on the proximal -s-, medial -d- and distal -n- raises questions of how and why the Armenian medial forms are used. Through comparison with Latin, which also has a three-way system (proximal hic, medial iste, and distal ille), and close analysis of key passages, this paper highlights both the semantic values of the Armenian medial forms and the issues of translation that arise as a result of their employment.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73242872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Poetic Middle Armenian of Kafas in the Alexander Romance 《亚历山大罗曼史》中卡法斯的诗性中亚美尼亚人
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/003
A. MacFarlane
{"title":"The Poetic Middle Armenian of Kafas in the Alexander Romance","authors":"A. MacFarlane","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the use of Middle Armenian in the medieval kafas (short monorhymed poems) associated with the legendary history of Alexander III of Macedon in its Armenian translation. These poems, composed in Armenian in the 13th-16th centuries, contain classical and vernacular language. Examining the interplay between the poetic requirements of meter and rhyme and the linguistic features of Middle Armenian, this paper points to cases in the kafas where the choice between words and grammatical forms is dictated by poetry. This includes the use of both classical nominative plural ending -ք and the medieval (and modern) -(ն)եր, and the concurrent comprehensibility of the present and imperfect indicative both with and without the particle կու.","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76634414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
From Manuscript to Tagged Corpora An Automated Process for Ancient Armenian or Other Under-Resourced Languages of the Christian East 从手稿到标记语料库:古代亚美尼亚语或其他基督教东方资源不足语言的自动化过程
«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1 Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/005
B. Kindt, Chahan Vidal-Gorène
{"title":"From Manuscript to Tagged Corpora\u0000 An Automated Process for Ancient Armenian or Other Under-Resourced Languages of the Christian East","authors":"B. Kindt, Chahan Vidal-Gorène","doi":"10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30687/arm/9372-8175/2022/01/005","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a digital corpus enriched by full linguistic annotations is a work which classically integrates several manual steps of acquisition, processing, and data display. Processing presupposes the existence of dedicated and specialised analysis tools, adapted to the state of the language used in the corpus. This paper describes a semi-supervised process for building Armenian corpora from scanned documents. This method is based on a chain of applications pre-trained by Calfa and GREgORI and enabling the complete processing of texts, from their automated input to their linguistic analysis and data display. We provide an assessment of this methodology and benefits of model specialisation, based on digitised copies of a 17th-century manuscript of the Four Gospels (Walters MS W541 = BAL W541, Amida Gospels, ff. 113v-117r: Lk 1:1‑78).","PeriodicalId":6386,"journal":{"name":"«Проблемы прогнозирования» 2022 №1","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84327993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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