Journal of Elasticity最新文献

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Gradient-Flow Characterizations of One-Dimensional Quasistatic Viscoelasticity with Bhattacharya-Like Viscosity 具有Bhattacharya-Like黏度的一维准静态粘弹性的梯度流动特性
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10223-2
Alexander Mielke, Billy Sumners
{"title":"Gradient-Flow Characterizations of One-Dimensional Quasistatic Viscoelasticity with Bhattacharya-Like Viscosity","authors":"Alexander Mielke,&nbsp;Billy Sumners","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10223-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10223-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the equation of one-dimensional quasistatic nonlinear viscoelasticity of strain-rate type with Dirichlet boundary conditions, in the particular case that the underlying dissipation geometry (provided by the viscosity) is comparable to the Bhattacharya metric on probability densities. We establish a global existence result for weak solutions, with an approach based on a spatial discretization allowing us to work directly with the Riemannian metric associated to the viscosity. Strong convergence of spatially discrete solutions is shown directly – this is possible thanks to Lipschitz estimates achieved locally on energy sublevels enabled by an explicit derivation of the stretching of tangent vectors under the flow in the discrete setting and the relationship to the Bhattacharya metric. We furthermore prove gradient-flow representations for the solutions: they are curves of maximal slope and, under a global convexity hypothesis on the energy sublevels, we prove they satisfy a metric evolutionary variational inequality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-026-10223-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some Remarks on Structured Keyfitz-Kranzer Systems 关于结构化Keyfitz-Kranzer系统的几个问题
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10220-5
Ralph Saxton, Katarzyna Saxton
{"title":"Some Remarks on Structured Keyfitz-Kranzer Systems","authors":"Ralph Saxton,&nbsp;Katarzyna Saxton","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10220-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10220-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several applications for systems of conservation laws of the form <span>(U_{t} + (Phi (U) U)_{x} =0)</span>, <span>(U: R_{t}times R_{x}rightarrow R^{n})</span>, <span>(ngeq 2)</span>, with <span>(Phi (U) = phi (r, Theta ): R^{n}rightarrow R)</span>, <span>(r = |U|)</span>, and <span>(Theta = U/|U|in S^{n-1})</span>, are obtained by imposing structural conditions to provide a classification framework for solutions dependent on the form of <span>(phi (U))</span>. By prescribing the evolution of a particular eigenvalue, we can categorize classes of such functions, <span>(phi )</span>, for which this evolution is met, into depending on either a scalar field <span>(z=rK(Theta ))</span>, where <span>(K: S^{n-1}rightarrow R)</span>, or on the vector field <span>(Theta )</span>, and find for which the amplitude of solutions may blow up in finite time. As a consequence, solutions to the corresponding Riemann problems can be divided into those with are classical and those which involve delta-shocks and/or vacuum states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metric Implications in the Kinematics of Surfaces 曲面运动学中的度量含义
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10218-z
André M. Sonnet, Epifanio G. Virga
{"title":"Metric Implications in the Kinematics of Surfaces","authors":"André M. Sonnet,&nbsp;Epifanio G. Virga","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10218-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10218-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the direct approach to continua in reduced space dimensions, a thin shell is described as a mathematical surface in three-dimensional space. An exploratory kinematic study of such surfaces could be very valuable, especially if conducted with no use of coordinates. Three energy contents have been identified in a thin shell, which refer to three independent deformation modes: stretching, drilling, and bending. We analyze the consequences for the three energy contents produced by metric restrictions imposed on the admissible deformations. Would the latter stem from physical constraints, the elastic response of a shell could be hindered in ways that might not be readily expected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-026-10218-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On an Axisymmetric Contact Problem for a Piecewise Homogeneous Space with a Disc-Shaped Crack Under Static Friction 静摩擦作用下含盘状裂纹的分段均匀空间轴对称接触问题
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10219-y
Vahram N. Hakobyan, Lilit L. Dashtoyan, Harutyun A. Amirjanyan, Lusine V. Hakobyan
{"title":"On an Axisymmetric Contact Problem for a Piecewise Homogeneous Space with a Disc-Shaped Crack Under Static Friction","authors":"Vahram N. Hakobyan,&nbsp;Lilit L. Dashtoyan,&nbsp;Harutyun A. Amirjanyan,&nbsp;Lusine V. Hakobyan","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10219-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10219-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses two axisymmetric contact problems for a piecewise homogeneous space. Space consists of two dissimilar half-spaces with an interphase disc-shaped crack, onto one of the edges of which an absolutely rigid stamp is pressed, taking into account static friction. The radius of stamp is less than or equal to the radius of the crack. By using discontinuous solutions of the axisymmetric theory of elasticity, the governing equation of the problems is obtained both in the form of one singular integral equation of the second kind with respect to the reduced unknown contact pressure in the first case and a system of singular integral equations with respect to reduced normal contact pressure and dislocations of the displacements points of the crack edges in the second case. The solution of the governing equations in both cases is constructed using the numerical-analytical method of mechanical quadratures. A numerical calculation was carried out and patterns of change of important physical and mechanical characteristics for problems were identified depending on the physical, mechanical and geometric characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closed-Form Magnetoelastic Stiffness and Coupling Moduli of Helically Anisotropic Thin Tubes 螺旋各向异性薄管的闭型磁弹性刚度和耦合模量
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10217-0
Darius Diogo Barreto
{"title":"Closed-Form Magnetoelastic Stiffness and Coupling Moduli of Helically Anisotropic Thin Tubes","authors":"Darius Diogo Barreto","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10217-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10217-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Helically poled magnetoelastic tubes enable programmable extension, torsion, and inflation under magnetic loading, making them attractive for soft robotic and tubular actuation systems. Building on a previously developed variational formulation, explicit closed-form expressions are derived for the effective axial, torsional, inflation, and magnetoelastic coupling stiffnesses in the thin-tube limit. A consistent asymptotic reduction transforms the three-dimensional nonlinear magnetoelastic problem into a compact Cosserat-type model with analytically identifiable moduli that depend explicitly on the poling angle, elastic anisotropy, and magnetoelastic parameters. Unlike classical piezomagnetic formulations, the present approach captures geometry-induced coupling arising from helical magnetization and establishes a direct link between three-dimensional field equations and reduced-order structural behavior. The resulting expressions clarify how helicity governs chiral and non-chiral actuation pathways: azimuthal magnetic fields activate extension and inflation only in the presence of helicity, whereas axial magnetic loading induces deformation even for purely axial poling, with the torsional response depending on field orientation. The formulation recovers known limiting cases and yields physically consistent predictions across a range of material and geometric parameters. Order-of-magnitude estimates based on experimentally reported properties of magnetoactive elastomers further indicate that the predicted responses lie within realistic deformation regimes. The closed-form stiffness relations provide a rigorous and computationally efficient framework for rapid parametric analysis and support the systematic design of magnetically actuated soft tubular devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uniform Stress Field Within a Multicoated Anisotropic Elastic Elliptical Inhomogeneity in Anti-Plane Shear 反平面剪切中多涂层各向异性弹性椭圆非均匀性的均匀应力场
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10216-1
Xu Wang, Peter Schiavone
{"title":"Uniform Stress Field Within a Multicoated Anisotropic Elastic Elliptical Inhomogeneity in Anti-Plane Shear","authors":"Xu Wang,&nbsp;Peter Schiavone","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10216-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10216-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the anti-plane elasticity problem of an <span>(N)</span>-phase composite comprising of an internal anisotropic elastic elliptical inhomogeneity bonded to an infinite anisotropic elastic matrix through <span>(N-2)</span> intermediate anisotropic elastic coatings when the matrix is subjected to uniform remote anti-plane shear stresses. We prove that the internal stress field within the elliptical inhomogeneity is still uniform when the geometries of the outer <span>(N-2)</span> elliptical interfaces are designed for given elastic constants for the <span>(N-2)</span> coatings, given aspect ratio of the innermost elliptical interface (with its two principal axes along the two coordinate axes) and given thickness parameters of the coatings. All the 2<span>(N)</span> complex coefficients appearing in the one-to-one mapping functions can be simply determined using the derived recurrence relation. The internal uniform stress field within the elliptical inhomogeneity is obtained using the transfer matrix method. The general result is demonstrated through an example of a double coated elliptical inhomogeneity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wedging of an Elastic Wedge Along a Semi-Infinite Crack Taking into Account Rotation at Infinity 考虑无穷远处旋转的弹性楔块沿半无限裂纹的楔入
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10214-3
V. I. Ostryk
{"title":"Wedging of an Elastic Wedge Along a Semi-Infinite Crack Taking into Account Rotation at Infinity","authors":"V. I. Ostryk","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10214-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10214-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The problem of wedging an elastic wedge by a rigid plate of constant thickness along a semi-infinite crack on its axis of symmetry is considered. At infinity, each of the half-wedges is not loaded and rotates from the axis of symmetry of the wedge by a certain angle. Friction forces in the contact domain of each of the crack faces with the plate are not taken into account. An integral equation of the problem with a difference kernel on a system of finite and semi-infinite intervals is obtained. Using the Wiener–Hopf method, the integral equation is reduced to an infinite system of algebraic equations with exponentially decreasing coefficients, which is solved by the reduction method. The size of the contact domains and the angle of rotation of the half-wedges at infinity are determined. The stress distributions in the contact domains and on the crack extension, the normal displacements of the crack faces, the stress intensity factor, and the contact stress intensity factor are obtained. It is shown that taking into account rotation at infinity significantly reduces the intensity of stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip and at the edges of the contact domains of the crack faces with the plate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Generalized Noll Stress for Non-ordinary Particle Dynamics 非普通粒子动力学的广义诺尔应力
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10215-2
Xuan Hu, Shaofan Li
{"title":"On Generalized Noll Stress for Non-ordinary Particle Dynamics","authors":"Xuan Hu,&nbsp;Shaofan Li","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10215-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10215-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Noll lemma for stress representation, originally derived by Noll in the 1950s [1, 2], establishes a rigorous connection between the force vector (or force state) in discrete particle systems at the micro- or mesoscale and the continuum Cauchy stress tensor. This result provides a foundational bridge between particle dynamics formulations, such as peridynamics, and continuum mechanics. The classical form of Noll’s lemma was developed for ordinary particle systems, such as bond-based peridynamics, in which pairwise bond forces are assumed to be collinear with the bond vector. This assumption is consistent with molecular dynamics models governed by central-force interactions. However, it is not generally valid for mesoscale particle systems, where interactions may include non-central forces and the bond force is not necessarily aligned with the bond direction. Examples include micropolar peridynamics, extended bond-based peridynamics, and cohesive peridynamics. In such cases, a direct application of the original lemma can lead to a non-symmetric Cauchy stress tensor, which is incompatible with the local balance of angular momentum in classical continuum mechanics. This limitation indicates that the original formulation of Noll’s lemma is insufficient for general particle interactions. In this work, we develop a generalized form of Noll’s lemma that extends its applicability to general pairwise particle formulations, specifically, ordinary and non-ordinary bond-based peridynamics. The proposed framework accommodates bond forces with both normal and tangential (shear) components at the micro- or meso-scale, and yields a symmetric continuum-scale stress tensor consistent with angular momentum balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-026-10215-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flexoelectricity at Finite Deformations via Toupin’s Electroelasticity 通过Toupin 's电弹性在有限变形下的挠性电
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10210-7
Jinchen Xie, Ali Javili, Christian Linder
{"title":"Flexoelectricity at Finite Deformations via Toupin’s Electroelasticity","authors":"Jinchen Xie,&nbsp;Ali Javili,&nbsp;Christian Linder","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10210-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10210-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexoelectricity represents a higher-order electromechanical coupling phenomenon whereby strain gradients within a material can induce electric polarization. Flexoelectricity is observed in hard dielectric ceramics as well as a wide range of soft matter. This contribution establishes a rigorous and comprehensive framework for finite-deformation flexoelectricity in generalized Toupin’s electroelasticity. Following the variational principle, we present the equilibrium equations, boundary conditions, and constitutive relations for nonlinear flexoelectricity. The existing theory of flexoelectricity at small deformations is reproduced via linearization of the governing equations. As an application example, we derive an exact solution for the finite-deformation problem of a flexoelectric bar. Our exact solution demonstrates remarkable distinctions between nonlinear flexoelectricity and linear flexoelectricity. To underpin the theoretical framework with numerical examples, we establish a mixed finite element formulation for nonlinear flexoelectricity and investigate the finite-deformation problem of flexoelectric solids with a circular cavity. We meticulously highlight the impact of nonlinear effects on electric potential, electric polarization magnitude, and circumferential stress concentration. Our results advance higher-order electroelasticity from both theoretical and computational perspectives, revealing the significance of nonlinearities, hence offering novel insights for the design of soft flexoelectric devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10659-026-10210-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Iteration Method for the Neumann Type Problem of the Elasticity Theory 弹性理论Neumann型问题的迭代方法
IF 2.1 3区 工程技术
Journal of Elasticity Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-026-10212-5
David Natroshvili, George Gotchoshvili, Maia Mrevlishvili
{"title":"Iteration Method for the Neumann Type Problem of the Elasticity Theory","authors":"David Natroshvili,&nbsp;George Gotchoshvili,&nbsp;Maia Mrevlishvili","doi":"10.1007/s10659-026-10212-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10659-026-10212-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We construct a convergent recurrence scheme for a solution of the three-dimensional Neumann type boundary value problem of the elasticity theory when on the boundary of a homogenous anisotropic elastic body the stress vector is prescribed. By the potential method, the boundary value problem is reduced to the second kind Fredholm integral equation with zero index generated by the single layer potential. The corresponding boundary integral operator has a six-dimensional null-space. Therefore, the nonhomogeneous integral equation possesses a solution if the right-hand side vector-function meets the necessary and sufficient solvability conditions, i.e., it is orthogonal to the space of rigid displacements, which are solutions to the corresponding homogeneous adjoint integral equation. First, we reduce the boundary integral equation to the equivalent first kind Fredholm integral equation with symmetric non-negative compact operator. Afterwards, we construct a uniquely solvable modified boundary integral equation with symmetric compact positive operator having the following property: if the above mentioned necessary conditions are satisfied then the solution of the modified boundary integral equation is a particular solution of the original integral equation. Further, we construct a recursive sequence of vector-functions which converges to the unique solution of the modified boundary integral equation in appropriate Bessel-potential spaces of functions defined on the boundary. Using these approximations as densities of the single layer potential, we construct a sequence converging to a particular solution (a particular displacement vector) of the Neumann type boundary value problem in the appropriate Sobolev-Slobodetskii spaces of functions defined in the region occupied by the elastic body. The general solution of the Neumann type boundary value problem can be constructed by adding an arbitrary rigid displacement vector to the obtained particular solution. Evidently, the corresponding strain and stress tensors are defined uniquely.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Elasticity","volume":"158 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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