中华儿科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of irritable bowel syndrome in children (2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260331-00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260331-00254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"975-984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical characteristics of regional portal hypertension in children presenting with isolated gastric fundal varices].","authors":"D Li, Y L Fang, X M Qin, J Guo, C N Zhao, S Guo, X L Ye, G L Wang, J Zhou, J Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260410-00289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260410-00289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical features of regional portal hypertension (RPH) in children whose primary presentation was isolated gastric fundal varices. <b>Methods:</b> This case series study reviewed clinical data from 8 children diagnosed with RPH complicated with isolated gastric fundal varices at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2017 to January 2026. Data on demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnosis, and treatment were extracted and analyzed for etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. <b>Results:</b> Among 8 children there were 6 males and 2 females, with a diagnostic age of 2.2-11.5 years. The underlying etiologies were pancreatic in 6 children (5 with severe pancreatitis complicated by pancreatic pseudocyst, and 1 with pancreatic involvement secondary to acute leukemia), all involving pancreatic body and tail. One child was of splenic origin (disseminated tuberculosis with splenic involvement), and 1 child was retroperitoneal (secondary to retroperitoneal neuroblastoma). Presenting features included abdominal pain (7 children), vomiting (6 children), and gastrointestinal bleeding　(2 children, 1 of whom with isolated hematemesis, another 1 with hematemesis and melena). Splenomegaly occurred in 7 children. Ascites observed in 5 children, was attributed to the primary disease rather than to RPH. All 8 children had normal platelets, 3 children presented with leukopenia and anemia, which were attributed to the primary disease and secondary lesions. All 8 children had normal liver function, and coagulation function, but all demonstrated splenic vein abnormalities. All 8 children received treatment targeting at the underlying etiology. Somatostatin was administered to 5 children, and hemostatic agents to the 2 children with gastrointestinal bleeding. No child underwent endoscopic intervention. The follow-up ranged from 2 months to 8 years; 1 child with tuberculosis was lost to follow-up. The remaining 7 children showed symptomatic relief and improvement or complete resolution of gastric fundal varices. <b>Conclusions:</b> Regional portal hypertension often manifests as isolated gastric fundus varices and splenomegaly, and may be accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding. Pancreatic, splenic, and retroperitoneal etiologies should be vigilanted. Individualized treatment strategies focused on the primary disease are crucial for improving pediatric RPH outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1060-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Two cases of carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome].","authors":"Y Zhang, M S Ma, J Li, Y Zhou, Z X Yu, J J Jiang, J Ding, H M Song","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260104-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260104-00003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1074-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in transmural healing in pediatric Crohn's disease].","authors":"T Z Zhang, X L Ye, Y Kong, X Y An, J Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260327-00246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260327-00246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1088-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing problems and associations with related factors among preschool children in Yan'an].","authors":"J H Hu, H Qiang, X Zhang, H L Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260202-00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260202-00106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the co-occurring characteristics and associations with the related factors of internalizing and externalizing problems among preschool children aged 3-6 years in Yan'an. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 28^th to March 5^th, 2025, in 189 public kindergartens across 13 districts (counties) in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. A total of 28 000 questionnaires were distributed. The survey collected information including children's age, sex, parental demographic characteristics, family economic status, and lifestyle factors. Children's behavioral problems were assessed using the parent-reported strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Grouped by sex. Based on the presence of internalizing and externalizing problems, participants were classified into 3 groups: no problems group, internalizing-only or externalizing-only problems group, co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems group. Pearson's chi-square test was used for groups comparisons. Multinomial Logistic regression models analysis was conducted. <b>Results:</b> A total of 16 159 valid questionnaires were included, comprising 8 301 boys and 7 858 girls, with the age of (4.8±0.9) years. Among them, 5 289 children (32.73%) had behavioral problems, including 3 598 (22.27%) with the single problem and 1 691 (10.47%) with co-occurring problems. Using the no-problem group as the reference category, after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, maternal age >40 years (<i>OR</i>=0.69, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.53-0.91, <i>q</i>=0.044), maternal education at the senior high school (college) level (<i>OR</i>=0.74, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.64-0.85, <i>q</i><0.001) or bachelor's degree or above (<i>OR</i>=0.67, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.54-0.82, <i>q</i>=0.002), annual household income of ≥100 000 to <200 000 RMB (<i>OR</i>=0.66, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.55-0.78, <i>q</i><0.001), and outdoor activity time ≥3 h per day (<i>OR</i>=0.76, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.68-0.84, <i>q</i><0.001) were all negatively associated with co-occurring problems. Paternal unemployment was positively associated with co-occurring problems (<i>OR</i>=1.73, 95%<i>CI</i> 1.30-2.31, <i>q</i>=0.002). Maternal education at the senior high school (college) level (<i>OR</i>=0.87, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.78-0.96, <i>q</i>=0.046) and outdoor activity time ≥3 h per day (<i>OR</i>=0.88, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.81-0.95, <i>q</i>=0.006) were both negatively associated with the single problem, whereas screen exposure >1 h per day was positively associated with the single problem (<i>OR</i>=1.40, 95%<i>CI</i> 1.26-1.56, <i>q</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems are common among preschool children in Yan'an. Maternal age, maternal education level, paternal employment status, household income, and children's lifestyle factors are associated with co-occurring problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1027-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical study of brentuximab vedotin combined with the ifosfamide and gemcitabine regimen in the treatment of children with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma].","authors":"M Zhang, N Li, S Huang, W Y Dang, H X Gao, X L Yang, Y M Zhang, P Guo, C J Zhou, J Yang, L Jin, Y L Duan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260123-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260123-00076","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with the IGE regimen (ifosfamide, gemcitabine) in the treatment of children's relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; In this case series study, clinical data including age, sex, symptoms, pathological sub-type, clinical stage, previous clinical stage and treatment of the relapsed or refractory cHL children diagnosed and treated at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2022 to August 2025 were collected. All 23 children received 1 to 4 cycles of chemotherapy with BV plus the IGE regimen. Children were followed up until December 31&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;, 2025, and infusion reactions during treatment and adverse reactions after administration were recorded. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among 23 children, there were 16 males and 7 females, the age was 14.8 (12.1, 16.7) years, and there were 3 children of refractory and 20 children of relapsed cHL. Pathological sub-types included 13 children of nodular sclerosis, 1 child of lymphocyte depletion, 7 children of mixed cellularity, and 2 children of lymphocyte-rich type. At initial diagnosis, 3 children presented with stage Ⅱ, 8 with stage Ⅲ, and 12 with stage Ⅳ. All 23 children received chemotherapy, among whom 14 had prior radiotherapy, 3 had programmed death 1 inhibitor treatment (1 of whom underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). At relapse or refractory disease, clinical stage was stage Ⅱ in 5 children, stage Ⅲ in 4 children, and stage Ⅳ in 14 children. A total of 84 cycles of BV combined with IGE regimen chemotherapy were administered. All children received involved-field radiotherapy after chemotherapy. Twenty-one children avoided hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and 3 received single-agent BV maintenance therapy. All 22 evaluable children achieved a treatment response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, and 14 (64%) achieved complete metabolic response (CMR). The follow-up time was 15 (9, 24) months; all 23 children achieved event-free survival, with an overall CMR rate of 91% (21/23). A total of 144 cases of grade 3 or above adverse events were recorded, predominantly myelosuppression, and none of which affected subsequent sequential treatment. Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) in children remained within the normal range before and after treatment. The pre-treatment total B-cell count was 166×10⁶ (38×10⁶, 259×10⁶)/L, which decreased to 17×10⁶ (5×10⁶, 21×10⁶)/L during treatment and recovered to 214×10⁶ (142×10⁶, 266×10⁶)/L at 3 months post-chemotherapy. Both natural killer cells and total T-cell counts were reduced at baseline, declined further during therapy, and returned to pre-treatment baseline levels at 6 months and 9 months after chemotherapy, respectively. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; BV combined with the IGE regimen has demonstrated marked efficacy and a favorable tolerable safety profile in the treatment of relapsed ","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1048-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reflections and prospects on pediatric kidney disease from basic discovery to clinical translation].","authors":"H P Yang, Q Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260612-00468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260612-00468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"971-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sequential anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and daratumumab for refractory nephrotic syndrome in 2 children].","authors":"K Xu, F Wang, J Zhang, P L Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260322-00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260322-00228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1065-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Follow-up outcomes and influencing factors of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> necrotizing pneumonia in children].","authors":"X L Li, Y Y Qi, A Z Lu, D Y Tian, X B Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260228-00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260228-00163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in children with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) at 1 year after discharge. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective cohort study enrolled 60 children with MPNP treated at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, between August 2023 and December 2024. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected during hospitalization. All patients were followed up for one year post-discharge, with serial assessments of symptoms, chest CT, and pulmonary function. Based on final CT findings, patients were categorized into good and poor prognosis groups. Univariate analysis, Lasso regression, and multivariate Logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors and construct a prediction model. <b>Results:</b> Among the 60 children (28 males, 32 females; age at presentation 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) years), 38 cases had good prognosis and 22 cases had poor prognosis. Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis had significantly higher proportions of acute-phase respiratory failure, intensive care unit admission, poor distal ventilation on bronchoscopy, necrotic cavity diameter ≥2 cm on imaging, ≥2/3 single-lobe involvement, multilobar consolidation, and moderate-to-large pleural effusion, as well as greater numbers of involved lobes and total CT scores (all <i>P</i><0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, atelectasis occurred in all 22 cases (100.0%) in the poor prognosis group, with pulmonary cavity formation in 3 cases (13.6%) and abnormal pulmonary function in 8 cases (36.4%). Multivariate analysis identified poor distal ventilation on bronchoscopy (<i>OR</i>=9.29, 95%<i>CI</i> 2.03-60.46, <i>P</i>=0.003) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (per 100 U/L increase, <i>OR</i>=2.16, 95%<i>CI</i> 1.42-3.90, <i>P</i><0.001) as independent predictors of poor prognosis. The combined predictive model based on these two factors achieved an area under the curve of 0.93 (95%<i>CI</i> 0.87-0.99, <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> A substantial subset of MPNP children still exhibit radiological sequelae and functional impairment one year after discharge. Acute-phase poor distal ventilation on bronchoscopy and markedly elevated serum LDH are independent predictors of poor prognosis. The prediction model combining these two factors demonstrates good discriminative ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1034-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical features of pulmonary echinococcosis in 10 children].","authors":"J R Liu, J He, Yusufu Akemu, Q F Li, S L Qin, Y Guo, Yipaguli Simijiang, T Yao, G H Zhou, Yilijiang Tuhongjiang, X Y Zhang, H M Yang, L H Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260112-00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260112-00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To summarize the clinical characteristics of pediatric pulmonary echinococcosis (PE). <b>Methods:</b> Case series study. Clinical data of 10 children with PE hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Medicine and General and Thoracic Surgery at Beijing Children's Hospital Xinjiang Hospital from December 2022 to June 2025 were retrospectively collected, including general information, clinical manifestations, pulmonary imaging findings, laboratory test results, and treatment details. <b>Results:</b> Among the 10 children, there were 7 males and 3 females. Three cases were asymptomatic. Seven cases presented with cough, including 2 cases with chest pain, 1 case with fever, and 1 case with dyspnea. Elevated peripheral blood eosinophil counts were detected in 5 cases. One case initially presented with severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Elevated C-reactive protein levels were noted in 3 cases. Pulmonary CT scans in all 10 children revealed solitary or multiple round or oval cystic fluid-density space-occupying lesions with high-density capsules visible at the margins and uniform density within the cysts. Two cases were complicated by obstructive emphysema, 2 cases by cystic cavities, 1 case by pyothorax. Five children had concurrent hepatic echinococcosis. All 10 children achieved complete intracapsular resection of pulmonary echinococcus cysts. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pediatric PE can be asymptomatic or present with cough, chest pain, and dyspnea. It can initially manifest as ITP. Imaging findings demonstrate solitary or multiple round or oval cystic space-occupying lesions with well-defined hyperdense capsule margins, which may be accompanied by obstructive emphysema.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 9","pages":"1055-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}