中华儿科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Characteristics and outcomes of bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss in children following implementation of a standardized hearing assessment process].","authors":"Z Z Dou, G Liu, J F Shi, Q Wang, L Y Guo, X Jin, Q J Li, Y Li, B Hu, Y Zhou, T M Chen, Z P Zheng, X Guo, X Y Wang, H J Xiao, Y T Li, L Zhu, H H Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260709-00542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260709-00542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the types and outcomes of hearing loss in children with bacterial meningitis following the implementation of a standardized hearing assessment process. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort study included 397 children with bacterial meningitis who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2019 and December 2025, and who completed at least one hearing assessment during hospitalization. Hearing loss was evaluated. According to the type and causes of hearing loss, the ears were divided into 5 groups: bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss, structural abnormality-associated sensorineural hearing loss, non-structural conductive hearing loss, structural abnormality-associated conductive hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss. The proportions of ears with hearing recovery to normal were compared between the bacterial meningitis-related hearing loss group and the non-structural conductive hearing loss group using a Chi-square test or Fisher's exact text. <b>Results:</b> Among the 397 children included, 63 cases (15.9%) had hearing loss, and 25 cases (6.3%) had bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss. Hearing loss involved 85 ears, including 32 ears (37.6%) with bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss, 17 ears (20.0%) with structural abnormality-associated sensorineural hearing loss, 32 ears (37.6%) with non-structural conductive hearing loss, 3 ears (3.5%) with structural abnormality-associated conductive hearing loss, and 1 ear (1.2%) with mixed hearing loss. Bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss was predominantly severe to profound (78.1% (25/32)), whereas all non-structural conductive hearing loss was mild to moderate (100.0% (32/32)). The proportion of ears with hearing recovery to normal was lower in the bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss group than in the non-structural conductive hearing loss group (<i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> A standardized hearing assessment process may help differentiate the type and possible causes of hearing loss. Although bacterial meningitis-associated hearing loss is identified in only a small proportion of patients, it is predominantly severe to profound and shows a low rate of recovery during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1259-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Standardizing the application of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in the treatment of childhood primary immune thrombocytopenia].","authors":"R H Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260820-00649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260820-00649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1207-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of sustained efficacy of rituximab in children with new-onset nephrotic syndrome].","authors":"L Y Chen, Q Y Li, F Liu, G Q Qi, X J Zhang, Y Y Jin, J J Wang, H D Fu, J H Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260706-00535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260706-00535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the sustained efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in children with new-onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 24 children with new-onset INS who received RTX as initial therapy at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between February 2022 and April 2024 were enrolled. Pre-treatment clinical data, treatment response, dynamic changes in peripheral blood B cells, relapse, and adverse events were collected. Relapse-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. <b>Results:</b> Among the 24 children who received RTX, 17 were boys and 7 were girls, with an age at onset of 4.9 (2.9, 8.7) years. Sixteen patients (67%) achieved complete remission (CR) within 4 weeks after RTX treatment, with a time to CR of 18.0 (10.2, 21.2) days. The other 8 cases (33%) did not achieve CR at 6 weeks after RTX treatment (5 with partial remission and 3 without remission), and all subsequently achieved CR after full-dose glucocorticoid therapy. The 16 patients with early CR had a follow-up of 33.6 (27.1, 36.4) months, and 12 maintained drug-free CR at the end of follow-up. Eleven cases (46%) experienced infusion reactions, 12 cases (50%) had infectious events, and 4 cases (17%) developed neutropenia. All adverse events were grade 1-2. <b>Conclusions:</b> RTX monotherapy as initial treatment can induce CR in a subset of children with new-onset INS, and these patients can maintain drug-free remission during follow-up. The drug is generally well tolerated. However, some patients have an insufficient response to RTX and still require glucocorticoid induction.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1264-1269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in pharmacogenetics of glucocorticoid-induced adverse reactions in children].","authors":"Z J Zhang, Z L Lu, L Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260420-00333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260420-00333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1291-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sowing hope, safeguarding new beginnings].","authors":"A Wei, M Q Qin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260827-00667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260827-00667","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1303-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Critical care ultrasound-guided resuscitation for septic shock in a child with cancer].","authors":"Y Ren, Q Zhang, H Ren, J Zhang, S J Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260730-00595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260730-00595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1285-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A prospective birth cohort study on the association between human milk osteopontin and infant physical growth].","authors":"G Y Zhang, S X Wu, N Zhu, Y Y Xing, R B Hu, X H Tan, Q L Cui, J Jing, L Cai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260808-00616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260808-00616","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore the association between human milk osteopontin and infant physical growth, and to examine its differences between full-term and preterm infants. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A prospective cohort study was conducted. From November 2023 to June 2025, a total of 196 mother-infant dyads who provided human milk samples and participated in follow-up visits were enrolled at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. All participants were divided according to gestational age at birth into a preterm group (32-&lt;37 weeks) and a term group (37-&lt;42 weeks). Human milk samples were collected at 0-7, 8-14, and 35-49 d after birth, and osteopontin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Combined with feeding information, the average daily intake of osteopontin within 6 months of age was estimated. Infant length, weight, and head circumference were measured at 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months of age, and length-for-age Z-score (LAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), head circumference-for-age Z-score (HCZ), and weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the associations of osteopontin concentrations and intake with infant physical growth. Stratified analyses were performed by preterm and term birth status, and differences in the associations between strata were evaluated. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among the 115 mother-infant dyads, 59 infants were in the full-term group and 56 infants in the preterm group. The osteopontin concentrations in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were (235±47), (160±30), and (105±27) mg/L, respectively. Transitional milk osteopontin concentrations were positively associated with LAZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.19, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0.04-0.35), and mature milk osteopontin concentrations were both positively associated with WAZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.19, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0.04-0.35) and WLZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.20, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0.06-0.34). The average daily intake of osteopontin during the mature milk period within 6 months of age was also positively associated with WAZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.27, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0.13-0.40), WLZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.25, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0.09-0.40), and HCZ (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.13, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt; 0-0.25). The overall average daily intake of osteopontin within 6 months of age with WAZ, WLZ, and HCZ were also observed (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). Moreover, the positive associations of osteopontin concentrations and intake with LAZ, WAZ, and WLZ were observed in both term and preterm infants (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), with no statistically difference in the associations between the two groups (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05). However, the positive associations of transitional and mature milk osteopontin concentrations, as well as daily intake of osteopontin during the mature milk period and overall within 6 months of age, with HCZ were all stronger in preterm infants than those in term infants (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Human milk osteopontin concentrations and intake are positively ","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1251-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of the percutaneous ventricular assist system in 2 children with heart failure].","authors":"X H Wu, Z Zhao, Y Y Liu, Z Wang, H Xu, X Y Hong","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260407-00277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260407-00277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1282-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of efficacy and prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome].","authors":"J Man, X W Qian, W J Jiang, P Wang, L Liu, L Yu, M Y Zhang, Z R Xu, H S Wang, F H Luo, X C Wang, X W Zhai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260602-00432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260602-00432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for the treatment of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome in children. <b>Methods:</b> In this case series study, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, transplantation protocols, post-transplant disease remission, and survival status of 9 children with IPEX syndrome who underwent allo-HSCT at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from July 2020 to December 2025 were collected. The transplantation experiences were summarized and the efficacy and safety of allo-HSCT for IPEX children were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> All 9 children were males. Eight children developed symptoms within the first month of age, and 1 at 5 years of age. The initial presentations were diarrhea in 4 children, diabetes mellitus in 2 children, and rash in 3 children. FOXP3 gene variants were maternally inherited in 8 children and <i>de novo</i> in 1 child. A total of 11 HSCT were performed in 9 children, with an overall engraftment of 9 times. Two children who experienced primary graft failure achieved successful engraftment after second HSCT at intervals of 3 and 4 months, respectively. Donor sources included 4 haploidentical donors, 3 unrelated cord blood and 2 matched unrelated donors. All conditioning regimens were based on fludarabine and busulfan. The age at transplantation was 37.5 (12.4, 70.3) months, with a follow-up of 17.4 (9.7, 26.8) months. All 9 children survived. Eight children achieved complete donor chimerism, and 1 had mixed chimerism. The times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 13 (11, 18) and 9 (9, 29) d, respectively. The times for absolute CD19⁺and CD4⁺ cell counts exceed 2×10⁸ cells/L were 165 (94, 270) and 165 (100, 183) d, respectively. Five children developed grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), all presenting as skin involvement and resolved following glucocorticoid-based immunosuppressive therapy. No grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute GVHD or chronic GVHD occurred. Recurrent diarrhea, anemia, severe infection, eczema, and nephropathy all achieved complete remission through allo-HSCT. Among the 5 children with hypothyroidism and 2 children with diabetes mellitus, levothyroxine and insulin replacement therapy were still required, with well-controlled conditions. No new autoimmune diseases developed. <b>Conclusions:</b> allo-HSCT is an effective curative approach for IPEX syndrome, capable of halting disease progression, but cannot reverse pre-existing endocrine damage. No severe infections and GVHD occurred post-transplantation. Early diagnosis and early transplantation are crucial for improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1245-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in the application of anakinra in pediatric autoinflammatory diseases].","authors":"R H Weng, J Yang, T Y He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260418-00329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20260418-00329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":60813,"journal":{"name":"中华儿科杂志","volume":"64 11","pages":"1295-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}