医学微生物学(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Burden of Hepatitis B Viral Infection among Workers in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. Simidele, A. Oladimeji, A. Joseph, V. Aduayi, Nwadioha Ihenacho Samuel","doi":"10.4236/OJMM.2018.84008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMM.2018.84008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are particularly at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections due to contact with infectious material like contaminated blood and body fluids or contact with HBV contaminated fomites. HBV vaccine is efficient in preventing infection though 5% - 10% of individuals are non-responders. HBV vaccine was introduced into Nigerian childhood immunization services in year 2004. However, routine vaccination of HCWs is often not implemented due to cost in resource limited settings like ours. Therapeutic options are also not affordable and available options do not guarantee complete cure. This study aimed at determining the burden of HBV infection among HCWs in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, in order to institute prompt treatment as a way of curbing HBV spread and disease progression. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December, 2016. Staff from various cadres in EKSUTH, who accepted to participate, was recruited into the study. Following informed consent, 5 mls of blood collected from each participant was screened for HBV markers using HBV serologic combo test kit. Demography and Information on risk factors were collected with questionnaire. Results: A total of 965 participants, of which 323 (33.5%) were males and 642 (66.5%) were females, were recruited. Majority (72.6%) were married. History of unprotected sexual contact and multiple sexual partners was found in 62.3% and 54% of participants, respectively. In this study, 43 (4.5%) were HBsAg positive, out of which 40 (93%) had HBV infection (HBcAb positive). Prevalence of HBV infection was significantly higher among males than females (p value 0.004). Majority (60.5%) of infected individuals were 30 to 49 years of age. All infected participants had no previous vaccination, but no serologic evidence of previous vaccination was seen among vaccinated individuals. Conclusion and Recommendation: We concluded that Hepatitis B virus infection is still high among HCWs and significantly higher among males than females. Vaccinated individuals were found to be HBsAg negative, but had no detectable protective immunoglobulin against HBV. We recommend pre-employment screening and free vaccination of all staff in our health institutions, post vaccination immunization status assessment and provision of standard and affordable treatment for infected individual in order to achieve vision 2030 of HBV eradication.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"8 1","pages":"85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of Toxoplasma gondii in Humans and Livestock Animals: An Emerging Silent Threat for Bangladesh","authors":"T. Rahman, Atiqur Rahman, Sajib Chakraborty","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.84010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.84010","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular, zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. It can potentially infect almost all mammalian and avian hosts including one-third of the human population world-wide. The major target group of the parasite includes immunocompromised patients (e.g. AIDS, cancer, organ transplantation) and fetus bearing pregnant women where it develops toxoplasmic encephalitis, myocarditis, chorioretinitis and abnormal fetal brain development or stillbirths respectively. In this review, we have presented the current status of T. gondii infection in livestock animals and human population in Bangladesh to assess the country-wide relative risk. Although exact prevalence is difficult to predict due to the scarcity of data, nevertheless existing literature suggests that 16% - 39% humans and 8% - 70% domestic animals are infected with T. gondii, which implies Bangladeshi population is at high risk of toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, we have proposed a potential area of research to decipher the genetic diversity and transmission routes of T. gondii infection into Bangladeshi population.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46632162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Chicken and Pigeon Meat in Gazipur Area of Bangladesh","authors":"A. Banik, N. Mohammad, T. Akter, K. Fatema, M. Abony","doi":"10.4236/OJMM.2018.83007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMM.2018.83007","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aims of this work undertaken to investigate and identify the prevalence of Enterococcus spp isolated from Chicken and pigeon meat and determine the using antibiotics sensitivity against isolates for human safety. This study was conducted in center of excellence lab in Microbiology Department of Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh during August, 2017 to March, 2018. Methodology and Results: Twenty four samples were collected in pre-sterilized zip-lock bags from different Gazipur area in different local meat vendors. All samples were transported to the Microbiology Laboratory of Primeasia University and analyzed according to standard analysis methods. Total viable count (TVC) and Total Enterocooci count (TEC) were estimated by using plate count agar (PCA) and Bile Esculineagar plates respectively. Various Selective media and Biochemical tests were used for presumptive isolation and identification. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar media was used for the determination of sensitivity of the isolated strains to commonly prescribe antibiotics. A total of 24 meat samples were examined of which 92% were positive to Enterococcus spp whereas 62.5% were Chicken and 32.5% pigeon. The counts of enterococci range of 0 - 6.49 log CFU/gm in chicken and 4.4 - 6.4 log CFU/gm in pigeon. 22 isolates of enterococci, 77.27% were resistance to Azithromycin, 54.55% to Nalidixic acid and 50% to Sulfamethoxazole. We found high sensitivity of antimicrobial agent against to Imipenem (100%), Ciprofloxacin (81.81%) and (77.27%) both Tetracycline and Erythromycin. Conclusion: Significance and Impact of the study: The study result expressed that awareness of the meat pathogen and when consumption of meat was well cooked of our daily life.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45965054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Action and Scaring of 10% Green Banana Shell in Chronic Wounds","authors":"A. Loyola, R. Fernandes, J. Mendes, Nadir Alves de Oliveira Neta, Luiz Francisley DE Paiva, A. R. Mendonça, Dênia Amélia Novato Castelli von Atzingen","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.83005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.83005","url":null,"abstract":"The percentage of diabetic patients with contaminated lesions increases from 3% to 10%. Treatment with herbal products shows benefits in their use, as well as antioxidant and antifungal activities. Objective: to evaluate the antimicrobial action of 10% banana peel gel and the contraction of diabetic and venous wounds. Methods: individual, analytical, interventional, longitudinal, prospective, randomized study from February to December 2015. Five patients were included in the study; 3 with venous ulcer and 2 with diabetic wound. Application of 10% green banana peel gel and weekly samples were performed. After six days, the second collection was performed. The samples were seeded in the Mannitol salt agar culture medium, MacConkey agar and Saboraund agar with chloramphenicol for isolation of cocci and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli; and fungi. The total counts of bacteria were determined by PCA (Plate Count Agar) and measurement of the lesion margin. There was a reduction of microorganisms with the use of the gel in 53.57% of the patients, and reduction of wound areas in 48.1%.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45196824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Susceptibility Profile In Vitro Fungal Air in a Hospital Environment","authors":"Otávio Vilela de Figueiredo, Luiz Francisley DE Paiva, M. Peixoto, Pedro Guilherme Paula Bariani, T. S. Pinto, M. Teixeira, A. B. A. Teixeira-Loyola","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.83004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.83004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify potentially pathogenic airborne fungi from Hospital das Clinicas Samuel Libanio in the city of Pouso Alegre-MG and evaluate their susceptibility to natural and industrial products. Methods: The air collection was performed by passive sedimentation in the morning during the autumn and winter seasons. Petri dishes were open as the location of air conditioning. The isolates were subjected to pathogenicity test. The identification of the fungi was performed according to the macroscopic evaluation and micromorphology. Potentially pathogenic isolates were susceptibility tested by disc diffusion method. The agents used were insecticides and industrial cleaning products and essential oils of citronella plants, lemon grass, eucalyptus and Melaleuca extracted by steam distillation method. Results: We obtained a total of 356 fungal isolates. The inside door environments were 126 (35.39%) and the outside environments were 230 (64.6%) isolates. The 22 (6.18%) isolates from the inside and 25 (6.18%) outside the hospital showed pathogenic potential. This isolates were identified as Acremonium spp., A. niger, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. Susceptibility testing it was observed that most of the isolates were susceptible to the principle product containing sodium hypochlorite. Citronella oil showed enormous potential inhibition against all isolates. Already lemon grass oil was effective only against isolates of Penicillium spp. Conclusions: All genres identified are significant allergens, which can cause respiratory disease in both immunocompromised individuals such as asthmatics and people with any immune deficit. The monitoring of environmental sources should be performed, especially in special areas with immunocompromised patients. Despite efforts to try to reduce fungal infections hospital there are still flaws in the strategies employed.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representativeness of EN 1040/13727 Assay Conditions for Evaluating In Vitro the Bactericidal Activity of a Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Benzalkonium Chloride Antiseptic Preparation","authors":"Sylvie Salvatico, C. Feuillolay, Violaine Jabbour, C. Gouhier-Kodas, C. Roques","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.83006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.83006","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The representativeness of the mandatory bacterial strains specified in European standards for in vitro assay of the bactericidal activity of antiseptics was evaluated by testing the activity of an antiseptic combining chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% and benzalkonium chloride 0.5% against 21 additional bacterial strains, and the positive interaction between these two biocidal agents was assessed. Methods and Results: The bactericidal activity of the antiseptic solution used pure or diluted was assessed according to the European standards EN 1040 and EN 13727. The contact time was 1 min at 20°C. Interfering substances used in the EN 13727 assay were bovine serum albumin and sheep erythrocytes, simulating “dirty” conditions, and hard water. A reduction of colony-forming units by ≥5 log10 was deemed to meet the requirements to conclude bactericidal activity. Under “basic” conditions, the bactericidal activity of the antiseptic was observed against all four mandatory strains specified in the standards as well as against nearly all the additional strains tested, including most of those with acquired antibiotic-resistance. The positive interaction between the two biocidal agents was also confirmed. Under “dirty” conditions, the bactericidal activity of the antiseptic solution was maintained against all the mandatory strains and was reduced against only four of the additional strains tested. Conclusions: With regard to the antiseptic tested and under the experimental conditions described, bactericidal activity evidenced against the mandatory strains appeared to be representative of that manifested against a wide range of the main pathogenic bacteria. Reduced bacterial activity against some of the additional strains tested (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae) was observed under “dirty” conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study: EN 13727 with some experimental adjustments represents an additional appropriate standard that needs to be considered for mucocutaneous antiseptic assessment. However, it may be worth including other specific bacterial strains to those specified in the standard, when evaluating antiseptics intended for use in certain clinical situations.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"56-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47225364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Potential Association between Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Medical Waste and Environmental Water","authors":"Md. Shahariar Alam, Sajib Chakraborty, T. Rahman, Md. Ismail Hosen, Anik Paul, A. Hasan, M. Hossain","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.82002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.82002","url":null,"abstract":"Enterobacteriaceae are important human pathogens that cause many food and waterborne illness. Rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in Bangladesh has become a serious problem. Phage-host interaction is now considered as the major driving force for the conversion of non-pathogenic bacteria to pathogenic ones. Evolution of highly pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria largely depends upon the horizontal gene transfer by means of plasmid, megaplasmid and bacteriophages. Conversely, bacteria may acquire a novel defence mechanism called CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) that can restrict horizontal transfer of plasmids and bacteriophages to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial species. In this study, twenty bacterial strains were isolated from water of different medical waste and Buriganga river. Therefore, CRISPR locus was investigated following various biochemical and molecular analysis of those bacterial isolates. Identification of the bacterial isolates was conducted by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based assay of 16S rDNA extracted from those isolated strains. Results indicated that most strains were identified as Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter freundii which mainly cause septicemia, and pneumonia in human. Thereafter, antibiogram of these strains was performed by using 11 different antibiotic discs where bacterial isolates from medical drainage system showed more resistant to antibiotics than the river water. In this study, CRISPR locus was also investigated within the genome of the isolated bacterial stains but unexpectedly, we did not find any CRISPR locus in their genome. In conclusion, we confirm that multi-drug resistant bacterial strains are devoid of CRISPR locus suggesting a possible negative association between CRISPR locus and antibiotic resistance. Further studies to pinpoint are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the association between CRISPR and antibiotic resistance in these isolated strains.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Test Validity of Oxacillin Screen Agar for the Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"H. Sultana, Md Abdullah Yusuf, Jogendra Nath Sarker, Md. Tofael Hossain Bhuiyan, S. Tarafder","doi":"10.4236/OJMM.2018.82003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMM.2018.82003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus may vary in phenotypic and genotypic methods. Objective: The aim of this present study was to validate the oxacillin screen agar test for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was planned to carry out in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January, 2010 to December, 2010 for a period of one (01) year. Different clinical specimens were collected from the patients presented with infections at anybody sites. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were performed by staining, culture and biochemical tests. Oxacillin screen agar test was performed to detect the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PCR was performed for detection of the mecA gene for MRSA. Result: Out of the 22 suspected MRSA isolates 19 were mecA positive by PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of oxacillin screen agar were 100.0% (95% CI 82.3 to 100.0%) and 33.3% (95% CI 24.0 to 90.6%) respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of oxacillin screen agar test were 90.5% (95% CI 81.0 to 95.5%) and 100.0% (95% CI 20.6 to 100.0%) respectively. The accuracy of the oxacillin screen agar test was 90.9% (95% CI 71.7 to 96.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion oxacillin screen agar test has high sensitivity with low specificity for the detection of MRSA.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49108359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizopus oryzae Retro-Orbital Abscess: Comparison of Spores and Hyphae Antifungal Susceptibility and Clinical Outcome","authors":"A. Fonseca, A. B. A. Teixeira-Loyola, L. Lyra, A. F. Busso, Y. Muraosa, H. Taguchi, M. Moretti, A. Schreiber","doi":"10.4236/ojmm.2018.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2018.81001","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizopus is fungus of the order Mucorales, responsible for invasive diseases called mucormycosis. The correct identification of these fungi is one of the main questions raised in the literature since the diagnosis is not simple, being the necessary detection in biopsies of infected tissues and isolation of the microorganism for identification by morphological and molecular methods. In vitro susceptibility testing results are not fully clear since there are reports showing that in vitro resistance does not always mean therapeutic failure. This paper describes a case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a patient with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and secondary mellitus diabetes involving microbiological diagnostic, antifungal susceptibility tests for conidia and hypha and clinical correlation. The causative agent was identified by morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TERB) was determined by broth microdilution method. Standardization of the dynamic growth evaluation patterns using the automated system BCT (BioCell-Tracer®) was obtained allowing to determining hyphae growth control and evaluating the effect of different concentrations of amphotericin B, itraconazole and terbinafine directly on growing hyphae. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) for the combination of the two antifungals that the patient received at the same time, terbinafine and itraconazole, was also determined trying to correlate with clinical outcome. Strains isolated of retro-orbital abscess were identified as Rhizopus oryzae. MIC results (MIC) testing conidia showed high sensibility to amphotericin B and itraconazole in comparison to the obtained for terbinafine. The tests in the automated system BCT using hyphae showed sensibility to all tested antifungal agents and the FIC results for combination in vitro between terbinafine and itraconazole showed synergism consistent with the therapeutic success obtained for the patient who received initial treatment with amphotericin B followed for maintenance treatment with the combination itraconazole and terbinafine","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44644565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Typing of Clinical and Environmental Cryptococcus neoformans Strains Isolated in Italy","authors":"G. Pini, E. Faggi, E. Bravetti","doi":"10.4236/OJMM.2017.74007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMM.2017.74007","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast causing mainly opportunistic infections. DNA molecular typing techniques divided C. neoformans into four major molecular types (AFLP1/VNI, AFLP1A/VNB/VNII, AFLP1B/ VNII, AFLP3/VNIII, AFLP2/VNIV) characterized by different pathogenicity, geographical distribution and susceptibility to antifungal treatments. In this study 170 Italian C. neoformans clinical isolates (CI) and 32 environmental isolates (EI), collected and serotyped during a ten-year period (1985 to 1995), were genotyped using [GACA]4 microsatellite PCR fingerprinting. The molecular types were compared to their geographic distribution, specimen sources and patient’s risk factors. All four molecular types were described among the CI and only VNI and VNIV among the EI. VNIV molecular type was isolated with significant prevalence among the CI and VNI among the EI. A different geographical distribution of molecular types was detected: VNIV was the most prevalent in the North and Center of Italy; VNIII was isolated almost exclusively in the Center. No significant correlation among molecular types versus predisposing diseases or isolation sources was detected. The strains isolated from different body sites of the same patient (17 cases) were of the same genotype. Five out 9 cases relapsed with a different molecular type. This preliminary investigation shows a high intraspecies variability and reveals a nonhomogeneous distribution of C. neoformans molecular types in Italy.","PeriodicalId":58937,"journal":{"name":"医学微生物学(英文)","volume":"07 1","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70327736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}