{"title":"Energy Efficiency in OLSR Protocol","authors":"C. Taddia, A. Giovanardi, G. Mazzini","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288562","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study in details the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol for ad hoc networks. In particular, we investigate its performance by focusing the attention on its energy efficiency. To have some terms of comparison the performance are compared with those of other routing schemes. Furthermore, to improve the energy efficiency by increasing the network life time, we propose and discuss a power controlled version of OLSR. OLSR power controlled provides the optimal paths in terms of minimum power needed to reach the destination, and not in terms of number of hops as in the classic version. By means of extensive simulations, we show that, in many system conditions, OLSR power controlled is able to achieve good energy savings","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"70 1","pages":"792-796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75142388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When Does Cooperation Have Better Performance in Sensor Networks?","authors":"A. Sadek, Wei Yu, K. Liu","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288423","url":null,"abstract":"The gains of cooperative communications in wireless networks have been explored recently under the ideal assumption of negligible receiving and processing power. In sensor networks, the power spent for listening and computing can constitute a significant portion of the total consumed power, and such an overhead can reduce the gains promised by cooperation. In this paper, cooperation gains are investigated by taking into consideration such overheads in the analytical framework. The performance metric considered is the energy efficiency of the system measured by the total power required to achieve a certain quality of service requirement. The analytical and numerical results reveal very interesting threshold behavior below which direct transmission is more energy efficient, and above which cooperation provides more gains. Such a tradeoff is shown to depend on many parameters such as the relative locations of the source and destination, the values of the receive and processing powers, the application, and many other factors. Moreover, there are experimental results conducted to verify the channel model assumed in the paper","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"56 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76113215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doughnut Effect in Wireless Sensor Network and its Solution","authors":"K. Padmanabh, R. Roy","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288589","url":null,"abstract":"The sensor nodes in a network are connected to the outer world via a base station. Base stations (BS) have some back up power and it is not suppose to fail due to shortage of battery power. The nodes which are away from the base station communicate to it via the nodes which are in proximity of BS. Thus the nodes which are nearer to BS have additional communication responsibilities of forwarding data of distant nodes. Thus the nodes which are in proximity of BS will run out of battery very soon and create bottleneck for communication. In this paper we have proposed that if the density of sensor nodes increases as we move towards base station this effect can be minimized. We found the exact density of the sensor nodes at a particular distance from BS to avoid bottleneck phenomenon around it. We have considered the real life scenario (i) sensor nodes are dropped from the aeroplane with possible error in its position from predetermined coordinates and (ii) nodes generates data only when there is an event of interest with a given probability of occurrence. The main contribution of this paper with our proposed strategy is lifetime offered per unit cost of deployment is almost double","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"242 1","pages":"957-963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bachir, L. Samper, D. Barthel, M. Heusse, A. Duda
{"title":"Link Cost and Reliability of Frame Preamble MAC Protocols","authors":"A. Bachir, L. Samper, D. Barthel, M. Heusse, A. Duda","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288523","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that preamble MAC protocols have higher energy efficiency compared to traditional low power MAC protocols based on common sleep/wakeup schedules. One efficient implementation of preamble MAC protocols is frame preamble MAC in which the MAC preamble is replaced by a series of frames. In this paper, we consider four frame preamble MAC protocols, namely: persistent MFP (micro frame preamble), non persistent MFP, persistent DFP (data frame preamble), and non persistent DFP. We study their energy cost and communication reliability by assuming a simple binary symmetric channel error model","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"32 1","pages":"632-638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76019446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-Layer Analysis of Error Control in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"M. Vuran, I. Akyildiz","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288515","url":null,"abstract":"Severe energy constraints and hence the low power communication requirements amplify the significance of the energy efficient and preferably cross-layer error control mechanisms in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, a cross-layer methodology for the analysis of error control schemes in WSNs is presented such that the effects of multi-hop routing and the broadcast nature of the wireless channel are investigated. More specifically, the cross-layer effects of routing, medium access and physical layers are considered. This analysis enables a comprehensive comparison of forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) in WSNs. FEC schemes improve the error resiliency compared to ARQ. In a multi-hop network, this improvement can be exploited by reducing the transmit power (transmit power control) or by constructing longer hops (hop length extension), which can be achieved through channel-aware routing protocols. The results of our analysis reveal that for certain FEC codes, the hop length extension decreases both the energy consumption and the end-to-end latency subject to a target PER compared to ARQ. Thus, FEC codes can be regarded as an important candidate for delay sensitive traffic in WSNs. On the other hand, transmit power control results in significant savings in energy consumption at the cost of increased latency. Moreover, the cases where ARQ outperforms FEC codes are indicated for various end-to-end distance and target PER values","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"62 1","pages":"585-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80558002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasa Sarafijanovic-Djukic, M. Piórkowski, M. Grossglauser
{"title":"Island Hopping: Efficient Mobility-Assisted Forwarding in Partitioned Networks","authors":"Natasa Sarafijanovic-Djukic, M. Piórkowski, M. Grossglauser","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288427","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile wireless ad hoc and sensor networks can be permanently partitioned in many interesting scenarios. This implies that instantaneous end-to-end routes do not exist. Nevertheless, when nodes are mobile, it is possible to forward messages to their destinations through mobility. We observe that in many practical settings, spatial node distributions are very heterogeneous and possess concentration points of high node density. The locations of these concentration points and the flow of nodes between them tend to be stable over time. This motivates a novel mobility model, where nodes move randomly between stable islands of connectivity, where they are likely to encounter other nodes, while connectivity is very limited outside these islands. Our goal is to exploit such a stable topology of concentration points by developing algorithms that allow nodes to collaborate to discover this topology and to use it for efficient mobility forwarding. We achieve this without any external signals to nodes, such as geographic positions or fixed beacons; instead, we rely only on the evolution of the set of neighbors of each node. We propose an algorithm for this collaborative graph discovery problem and show that the inferred topology can greatly improve the efficiency of mobility forwarding. Using both synthetic and data-driven mobility models we show through simulations that our approach achieves end-to-end delays comparable to those of epidemic approaches, while requiring a significantly lower transmission overhead","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"59 1","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85023407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimal Transmission Power vs. Signal Strength as Distance Estimation for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"J. Blumenthal, F. Reichenbach, D. Timmermann","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288558","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks is essential to minimize the complex self-organization task and to enhance network lifetime. Known techniques such as distance estimation based on received signal strength are often inaccurate and produce outliers. We propose a new method to measure a distance using the minimal transmission power between a transmitting node and a receiving node. The determined distance is very precise and has a low variance. It is therefore suitable for localization which is exemplary demonstrated for the approximate \"weighted centroid localization\" algorithm","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"55 1","pages":"761-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76153358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Information Lifetime and the Localization Cost in Sensor Networks with Random Topologies","authors":"C. Westphal","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288501","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor networks (and to some extent ad hoc networks) are networks of nodes with resource constraints, such as a limited battery life, a limited bandwidth or a limited processing capacity. These constraints create a well documented trade-off: each node needs to participate in the network to perform its role or duty, while this participation will deplete the node's resources. Here we consider a particular aspect of this trade-off: the storage of information in the network. Due to the resource constraints, each single node carries an incentive to limit the amount of data it contains. This leads to the expiration of the data carried by the node after a period of time. On the other hand, some data is critical to the functioning of the whole network, and should be found in the network at all times. In C. Westphal (2005), we introduced the trade-off between the finite lifetime of a piece of information at each node, and the survival of this information indefinitely within the network. We then studied this trade-off in a lattice topology and a tree topology. Here, we extend the results of C Westphal (2005) in two directions: we consider random topologies for the underlying network, and we take into account the cost of exchanging information in the network. We show that the maximum number of hops in a request for information broadcast is a critical parameter to ensure the survivability of any information within the network indefinitely. We identify the parameter which minimizes the load on the network for a network graph satisfying the Poisson boolean model. We also show how to minimize the cost of the dissemination on the network, so as to keep this cost decreasing asymptotically to 0","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"22 1","pages":"450-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81594950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LLM:Low Latency MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Sumeet N. Parmar, Sukumar Nandi, A. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288580","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks aim at a special kind of ad hoc networks, exposing an energy-constrained distributed computing environment. Proposed protocols have tried to incorporate power management schemas of the likes of reduced duty cycles and active synchronization. However this has led to a significant loss in the latency of data delivery. In this work we have introduced low latency medium access control (LLM), as a mechanism to deliver data with low latency without compromising the energy efficiency of the network. To this end we exploit the data aggregating properties of a sensor network and introduce a pre-notification packet to keep potential forwarding nodes aware of a forthcoming data packet. Our simulations show that LLM does perform as per expectations","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"35 1","pages":"905-909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83571945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multichannel MAC Protocols for Wireless Networks","authors":"R. Maheshwari, Himanshu Gupta, Samir R Das","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288495","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose two new MAC protocols for multichannel operation in wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. The first protocol, extended receiver directed transmission protocol (xRDT) is based on a previously known multichannel solution called receiver directed transmission (RDT) that uses a notion of quiescent channel. xRDT solves the problems faced by RDT, such as multichannel hidden terminal and deafness, by using an additional busy tone interface and few additional protocol operations. We also develop a novel single interface solution, called local coordination-based multichannel MAC (LCM MAC). LCM MAC performs coordinated channel negotiations and channel switching to provide multichannel support. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these two protocols over two other well-known multichannel protocols - MMAC and DCA - via extensive ns2 simulations","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"244 1","pages":"393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80559065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}