{"title":"Understanding the Gap between the IEEE 802.11 Protocol Performance and the Theoretical Limits","authors":"M. Durvy, Patrick Thiran","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288497","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol to perform well in multi-hop ad hoc networks has been recently questioned. We observe levels of spatial reuse that are 30% to 50% away from the theoretical limit. The goal of this paper is to answer the following question: what prevents the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol from operating at the limit determined by its physical layer? We identify three problems in the contention resolution mechanism of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol, and we show that they account for most of the gap separating the actual and optimal performances of the protocol. For each of the problems, we propose a solution that, once implemented, allows us to quantify the impact of the problem on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. The resulting protocol operates 10% to 15% away from the theoretical limit. Finally, we show that reducing the overhead of the protocol to some negligible quantity brings the spatial reuse of the protocol to the theoretical limits. It also makes apparent the powerful organizing capacity of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"32 1","pages":"412-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82058391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on an Enhanced Link-Stability based Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Networks","authors":"Wen-Fong Wang, Po-Hun Shih","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288563","url":null,"abstract":"In a mobile ad hoc network, each node can move arbitrarily such that its network topology may change frequently. This mobility factor may incur link failure during data packet transmission. The SSA routing protocol can get longer lived routes for ad hoc networks by using a route selection criteria based on signal strength and location stability. It indeed reduces route reconstruction that is caused by the link failure, and thus increases network throughput and decreases overhead. However, SSA is only suitable to the condition of high node density and low mobility, which is the most stable situation for ad hoc networks, due to the route selection strategy in its control algorithm. To compensate SSA for its weakness in the condition of high node density and high mobility and the condition of low node density and low mobility, we proposed an enhanced scheme named as SSA+. In this paper, we will describe the mechanisms of SSA+ and conduct several simulation experiments to verify and evaluate the performance of our scheme with respect to SSA. Simulation results show that SSA+ can effectively reduce the route reconstructions needed in all conditions","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"67 1","pages":"797-802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83710225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective Dissemination of Presence Information in Highly Partitioned Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"C. Lindemann, O. P. Waldhorst","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288428","url":null,"abstract":"Presence technology enables users of an instant messaging (IM) system to determine if their contacts are online and ready to communicate. In this paper, we propose an effective approach for the proactive dissemination of frequently changing presence information in highly partitioned mobile, wireless networks with IEEE 802.11 technology. Although communication techniques for intermittently connected networks have been extensively studied in the field of delay tolerant networking, the fact that presence information is highly delay sensitive requires a thorough revision of these techniques. To this end, we use discrete-event simulation based on a high-level stochastic model of the IM system to compare different approaches for disseminating presence information in terms of sustained consistency (i.e., fraction of time presence information is in a coherent state) and traffic requirements. Building upon the outcome of the simulation study, we propose the system for presence information exchange by epidemic dissemination (SPEED). Results of a detailed ns-2 simulation study show that SPEED outperforms an approach based on optimized flooding by up to 20% in terms of sustained consistency for low node density and saves up to 48% of control traffic for medium to high node density","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"32 1","pages":"236-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82613404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Efficient Transmission Scheme for Data-Gathering in Mobile Sensor Networks","authors":"Chao Wang, P. Ramanathan","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288506","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile sensor networks are being envisioned for certain applications like habitat monitoring and environmental sensing. For instance, mobile sensor nodes are attached to selected animals to gather data about their behavior. These data are uploaded to stationary units for detailed analysis over wireless ad-hoc networks. Since the mobile sensor nodes are likely to operate on batteries, reducing energy consumption for such data gathering is an important issue. This paper proposes a transmission scheme for power-adjustable radio to optimize transmit energy efficiency subject to given overflow and delay constraints. The energy efficiency is defined as the expected transmit energy to deliver one unit of data from sensor node to stationary unit. An analytical model is developed to estimate the unit energy, data throughput and delay for a sensor node in the single-hop case. Simulation results show that the model achieves very good accuracy. The proposed transmission scheme is then adapted to the multi-hop scenario. Simulations based on radio parameters from a sensor board demonstrate that high energy efficiency can be achieved by the transmission scheme in both single-hop and multi-hop cases","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"2014 1","pages":"498-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86551267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Practical Approach to Landmark Deployment for Indoor Localization","authors":"Yingying Chen, J. Francisco, W. Trappe, R. Martin","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288441","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the impact of landmark placement on localization performance using a combination of analytic and experimental analysis. For our analysis, we have derived an upper bound for the localization error of the linear least squares algorithm. This bound reflects the placement of landmarks as well as measurement errors at the landmarks. We next develop a novel algorithm, maxL minE, that using our analysis, finds a pattern for landmark placement that minimizes the maximum localization error. To show our results are applicable to a variety of localization algorithms, we then conducted a series of localization experiments using both an 802.11 (WiFi) network as well as an 802.15.4 (ZigBee) network in a real building environment. We use both received signal strength (RSS) and time-of-arrival (ToA) as ranging modalities. Our experimental results show that our landmark placement algorithm is generic because the resulting placements improve localization performance across a diverse set of algorithms, networks, and ranging modalities","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"365-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79173633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Data Compression in Wireless Sensor Networks for Civil Infrastructure Health Monitoring","authors":"Shengpu Liu, Liang Cheng","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288567","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an efficient sensor data compression process for civil infrastructure health monitoring applications. It integrates lifting scheme wavelet transform (LSWT) and distributed source coding (DSC), which can reduce the raw data size by 1:27 to 1:80 while having a minor effect on the modal parameters identified from the sensor data. We have compared our algorithms with other data compression algorithms for structural health monitoring. Results show that our algorithms can achieve 80% ~ 100% higher compression ratios with the same signal-restoration quality","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"823-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79547890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robot-Assisted Localization Techniques for Wireless Image Sensor Networks","authors":"Huang Lee, Hattie Dong, H. Aghajan","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288443","url":null,"abstract":"We present a vision-based solution to the problem of topology discovery and localization of wireless sensor networks. In the proposed model, a robot controlled by the network is introduced to assist with localization of a network of image sensors, which are assumed to have image planes parallel to the agent's motion plane. The localization algorithm for the scenario where the moving agent has knowledge of its global coordinates is first studied. This baseline scenario is then used to build more complex localization algorithms in which the robot has no knowledge of its global positions. Two cases where the sensors have overlapping and non-overlapping fields of view (FOVs) are investigated. In order to implement the discovery algorithms for these two different cases, a forest structure is introduced to represent the topology of the network. We consider the collection of sensors with overlapping FOVs as a tree in the forest. The robot searches for nodes in each tree through boundary patrolling, while it searches for other trees by a radial pattern motion. Numerical analyses are provided to verify the proposed algorithms. Finally, experiment results show that the sensor coordinates estimated by the proposed algorithms accurately reflect the results found by manual methods","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"383-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88343229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Realistic Power Consumption Model for Wireless Sensor Network Devices","authors":"Qin Wang, Mark Hempstead, Woodward Yang","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288433","url":null,"abstract":"A realistic power consumption model of wireless communication subsystems typically used in many sensor network node devices is presented. Simple power consumption models for major components are individually identified, and the effective transmission range of a sensor node is modeled by the output power of the transmitting power amplifier, sensitivity of the receiving low noise amplifier, and RF environment. Using this basic model, conditions for minimum sensor network power consumption are derived for communication of sensor data from a source device to a destination node. Power consumption model parameters are extracted for two types of wireless sensor nodes that are widely used and commercially available. For typical hardware configurations and RF environments, it is shown that whenever single hop routing is possible it is almost always more power efficient than multi-hop routing. Further consideration of communication protocol overhead also shows that single hop routing will be more power efficient compared to multi-hop routing under realistic circumstances. This power consumption model can be used to guide design choices at many different layers of the design space including, topology design, node placement, energy efficient routing schemes, power management and the hardware design of future wireless sensor network devices","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"8 1","pages":"286-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Statistical Model for the Evaluation of the Distribution of the Received Power in Ad Hoc and Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Enrica Salbaroli, A. Zanella","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288557","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we consider a scenario composed by nodes which are uniformly and randomly distributed in a given area and derive the distribution of the power received by a given terminal. The model, which takes a propagation environment characterized by distance-dependent loss and log-normally distributed shadowing into account, can be used to evaluate the distribution of the received power in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. In particular, the model is suited to investigate the distribution of the received useful and the interference power in a scenario where all the terminals can communicate with each other using the same radio resource","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"28 1","pages":"756-760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91014326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Wang, Wenzhan Song, Weizhao Wang, Xiangyang Li, T. Dahlberg
{"title":"LEARN: localized energy aware restricted neighborhood routing for ad hoc networks","authors":"Yang Wang, Wenzhan Song, Weizhao Wang, Xiangyang Li, T. Dahlberg","doi":"10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288507","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address the problem of energy efficient localized routing in wireless ad hoc networks. Numerous energy aware routing protocols were proposed to seek the power efficiency of routes. Among them, several geographical localized routing protocols were proposed to help making smarter routing decision using only local information and reduce the routing overhead. However, most of the proposed localized routing methods cannot theoretically guarantee the power efficiency of their routes. In this paper, we give the first localized routing algorithm, called localized energy aware restricted neighborhood routing (LEARN), which can guarantee the power efficiency of its route asymptotically almost sure. Given destination node t, an intermediate node v will only select a certain neighbor v such that < vut les alpha for a parameter alpha < pi/3 in our LEARN method. We theoretically prove that for a network, formed by nodes that are produced by a Poisson distribution with rate n over a compact and convex region O with unit area, when the transmission range rn = radicbetalnl/pin for some beta > pi/alpha, our LEARN routing protocol will find the route for any pair of nodes asymptotically almost sure. When the transmission range rn = radicbetalnl/pin for some beta < pi/alpha, the LEARN routing protocol will not be able to find the route for any pair of nodes asymptotically almost sure. We also conducted simulations to study the performance of LEARN and compare it with a typical localized routing protocol (GPSR) and a global ad hoc routing protocol (DSR)","PeriodicalId":58925,"journal":{"name":"Digital Communications and Networks","volume":"70 1","pages":"508-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85048775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}