Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Study of the Structure of Filler Composite Wire for Surfacing Wear-Resistant Layers","authors":"I. E. Kalashnikov,&nbsp;R. S. Mikheev,&nbsp;L. I. Kobeleva,&nbsp;P. A. Bykov,&nbsp;I. V. Katin,&nbsp;O. A. Ovchinnikova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700717","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700717","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The quality and properties of the deposited wear-resistant layers depend on the technological modes of surfacing and the type of filler materials used. The results of studying the structure of filler composite wire for surfacing wear-resistant layers are presented. Wire based on an aluminum alloy (hypereutectic silumin), silicon carbide (SiC) powders, and titanium intermetallic compound (Ti₂NbAl) is produced using powder metallurgy. The powders of SiC or Ti₂NbAl (taking into account their content in the final material of 5 wt %) and the matrix silumin alloy prepared in the form of chips are processed in a planetary mill. The wire is obtained by hot extrusion after holding the prepared components at a temperature of 600°C. Tribological tests of samples are carried out under dry sliding friction conditions (the friction coefficient is recorded continuously during tests). It is shown that the selected extrusion modes and preliminary preparation of the material in a planetary mill make it possible to obtain a pore-free compact material. An analysis of the structure of the resulting material and the character of distribution of reinforcing discrete powders reveals that Ti₂NbAl particles are uniformly distributed over the cross section of the wire, while SiC particles are practically absent in the central part and are concentrated along the periphery of the cross section. The results can be used for the application of composite wire as a filler material. Data on the character of distribution of reinforcing fillers should be taken into account when selecting schemes and modes of arc surfacing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"456 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purity Level of Vanadium, Niobium, and Tantalum (according to Materials in the Exhibition–Collection of Extrapure Substances)","authors":"O. P. Lazukina,&nbsp;E. N. Volkova,&nbsp;K. K. Malyshev,&nbsp;M. F. Churbanov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700900","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700900","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we examine the purity level and impurity composition of the vanadium, niobium, and tantalum samples in the Exhibition–Collection of Extrapure Substances and present estimates of the average and total concentrations of elemental impurities in the purest samples. We examine the impurity composition of the array of the group 5 elements and contributions of particular groups of impurities and discuss the purity level of the group 5 elements and their compounds manufactured in Russia and abroad.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 6","pages":"773 - 781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Tetragonal-to-Cubic Phase Transition of Lithium Lanthanum Zirconate Solid Electrolyte with the Use of Mechanical Activation","authors":"G. B. Kunshina,&nbsp;I. V. Bocharova,&nbsp;A. M. Kalinkin","doi":"10.1134/S002016852470081X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002016852470081X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have studied the effect of mechanical activation and subsequent sintering on the formation of solid electrolyte powder with a cubic structure and the composition Li_6.4Al_0.2La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZ) during solid-state synthesis with the use of the low-melting-point crystalline hydrates (ZrO(NO₃)₂∙2H₂O, Al(NO₃)₃∙9H₂O, and La(NO₃)₃∙6H₂O). Mechanical activation of the sinter cake after the first synthesis step at 900°C, in an AGO-2S planetary mill in 4 × 1 min mode at a relative centrifugal force of 20<i>g</i> led to the formation of powder with a particle size <i>d</i> = 0.42 μm, as evaluated from its specific surface area. Subsequent sintering of the mechanically activated LLZ powder at 1000°C for 4 h ensured a complete transformation of tetragonal LLZ into a highly conductive cubic phase, <i>c</i>-LLZ. The room-temperature ionic conductivity of <i>c</i>-LLZ was 2 × 10^–4 S/cm, as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 5","pages":"676 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of TiSiN Films by Room-Temperature Reactive Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"V. S. Sulyaeva,&nbsp;M. M. Syrokvashin,&nbsp;A. K. Kozhevnikov,&nbsp;E. N. Ermakova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700948","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TiSiN films have been grown by room-temperature reactive magnetron sputtering using a TiSi (10%) cathode of mixed composition. X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data indicated the formation of an amorphous phase containing nanocrystalline TiN inclusions having preferential orientation along the (200) plane, without silicon nitride inclusions. The obtained samples possessed hardness up to 31 GPa. Vacuum annealing at 500°C for 1 h led to an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the films, without changes in preferential orientation. X-ray diffraction characterization of the films annealed in air at temperatures of 500 and 700°C showed that they were oxidation-resistant at moderate temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 6","pages":"723 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame Photometry Determination of Lithium and Calcium in Novel Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials for Osteoplasty","authors":"A. A. Fomina,&nbsp;A. Yu. Demina,&nbsp;N. A. Andreeva,&nbsp;T. N. Penkina,&nbsp;N. V. Petrakova,&nbsp;D. G. Filatova","doi":"10.1134/S002016852470047X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002016852470047X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A technique has been proposed for flame photometry determination of lithium additions and calcium, a major component, in the synthesis of novel hydroxyapatite (HA) based materials in order to find relationships between synthesis conditions, the composition of the material, and its functional properties. Ceramic samples were prepared via coprecipitation with the use of lithium carbonate, followed by calcination at 1300°C. We synthesized materials containing 0.25 to 1 at % lithium. Some of the samples contained 0.25 to 1 at % cerium (Ce(NO₃)₃). Lithium in the HA samples was determined using the standard addition method and appropriate reference solutions. Calcium was determined in separate aliquots after a 50-fold dilution. The results demonstrate that lithium concentrations at a level of 0.1 mg/L in hydroxyapatite solutions can be determined by flame photometry with <i>S</i>_r = 0.1. The material is difficult to dope with lithium via coprecipitation from solution. Moreover, heat treatment in the synthesis process has no effect on its result. We propose codoping of the material with lithium and cerium, which ensures incorporation of at least 0.25 at % Li into the structure of HA. The proposed technique can be employed for lithium and calcium determination with the use of a PFA-378 flame photometer in all steps of synthesis of new HA-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"355 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Distribution of Microelements in Hydrocarbon Groups of Oil","authors":"D. I. Panyukova,&nbsp;K. Ossipov,&nbsp;T. A. Maryutina","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700432","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Information on the expanded microelement composition of oil from various classes has practical significance and is of interest for both scientific research and the development of technological processes for its refining. From a geochemical perspective, data on the features on the quantitative distribution of microelements in oil provide an opportunity to identify its genetic differences for oil exploration tasks. In the petrochemical industry, the results of analysis of microelement composition allow for assessing the oil composition at the production stage and monitoring the quality of the obtained products at different stages of refining. In this study, the distribution of microelements in hydrocarbon groups (SARA groups) was investigated using two samples of commercial oil of Russian origin differing in physicochemical properties (heavy high-viscosity and bituminous super-viscous). The content of microelements in the oil samples, comprising their maltenes and asphaltenes, as well as in paraffinic–naphthenic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and resins, was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These components, exept for asphaltenes, were isolated from the maltenes part using liquid adsorption chromatography according to the generally accepted research procedure developed by Joint-Stock Company VNII NP. It was found that most of the detected elements are present in the oil samples at levels more than 1.0, 0.1–1.0, and less than 0.1 μg/g. The concentrations of other elements were below the limits of detection (0.3–9 ng/g). On the basis of the results of analysis, it was established that both oils studied are enriched in microelements and belong to the “vanadium” type. The main trends in the distribution of microelements in hydrocarbon groups indicate their concentration within polar polycondensed structures (resins and asphaltenes).</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"279 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Piezoelectric Sensors for the Determination of Aspartame in Fluids","authors":"A. Yu. Vybornyi,&nbsp;O. A. Shuvalova,&nbsp;A. N. Zyablov,&nbsp;Cao Nhat Linh","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700365","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with an aspartame imprint is synthesized by noncovalent imprinting which is used to modify the surface of the electrode of a piezoelectric sensor. The values of the selectivity coefficients and imprinting factors of the developed MIP-E951 sensor in relation to target molecules and other sweeteners are calculated to confirm its ability to selectively detect aspartame. The range of determined concentrations is 1–1 × 10^–3 g/L; the detection limit of aspartame is 5 × 10^–4 g/L. When analyzing model solutions, it is found that foreign components usually present in soft drinks do not interfere with the determination of aspartame using the MIP sensor. The obtained results are compared with the data of the reference high performance liquid chromatography method: it is shown that the results of two methods are in a good agreement. The developed MIP sensor can be used for simple and rapid determination of aspartame in soft drinks.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"375 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nondestructive Analysis of Fluoroquinolone Drugs by Colorimetric Method Using a Smartphone","authors":"V. G. Amelin,&nbsp;O. E. Emelyanov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700328","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method for nondestructive analysis of pharmaceuticals for the content of fluoroquinolones through diffuse reflection of infrared radiation using a smartphone and a device printed on a 3D printer has been proposed. It has been established that the diffuse reflection of infrared radiation with a wavelength of 850 nm from tablets containing active substances of the fluoroquinolone class can be captured using a smartphone camera. The blister packaging and the tablet coating do not hinder the passage of radiation, as confirmed by comparing the results of colorimetric determination of fluoroquinolones in drug samples both in packaging and without it, as well as on a split tablet. A correlation between the analytical signal and the concentration of the active substance is observed regardless of the variant of investigation. The possibility of using chemometric methods is demonstrated, which allows for reduced time of analysis and visualization of the obtained data. The data array was processed using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), partial least squares regression (PLS), and the least squares method with the use of PhotoMetrix PRO^® software. Using these algorithms, the identification of drugs by their manufacturer was conducted. Colorimetric signals from tablets of the same manufacturer form distinct clusters on diagrams constructed using the HCA algorithm. Data obtained using PCA indicate the placement of signals from tablets of different manufacturers in separate quadrants, allowing for the identification of the pharmaceutical company and the country of manufacture. For example, the drug Ciprofloxacin with varying concentrations of the active substance produced in Russia is located in quadrants 2 and 4, while products manufactured in India are found in quadrants 1 and 3. The use of chemometric analysis methods for determining active substances is discussed in detail. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results did not exceed 0.07.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"270 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry for Determination of Oxysulfides in Structural Steel","authors":"E. A. Probenkova,&nbsp;E. V. Yakubenko,&nbsp;T. N. Ermolaeva,&nbsp;Yu. N. Orekhova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700456","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700456","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have studied conditions of oxysulfide determination in structural steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry (SAES) using an ARL iSpark Model 8860 spectrometer fitted with the Spark-DAT program option for spark diagram processing. In addition, to improve characteristics of calibration curves for determination of Al, Ca, Mn, and sulfur forming nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs), we used structural steel composition standards. The results demonstrate better sensitivity of Al and Ca determination and an increase in correlation coefficients of calibration curves for Mn and sulfur determination. Since no oxysulfide reference standards are available, the percentage of Al₂O₃MnS, Al₂O₃MnSMgO, Al₂O₃MnSCaS, Al₂O₃CaOCaS, Al₂O₃CaOMgOCaS in steel was pre-evaluated in accordance with the ASTM E1245 Standard (method 3) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the use of an energy dispersive electron probe spectrometry (EDS) system. The results indicate that, in SAES determination of oxysulfides in structural steel, it is reasonable to use corrected algorithms for computer processing of the integrated spectrum, in combination with a pseudoformula. A proper algorithm and a pseudoformula for determination of each component were chosen with the use of Student’s <i>t</i>-test statistic by comparing the percentages of NMIs determined by SEM/EDS and SAES. We chose the spark range and analytical signal integration delay time for Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, and sulfur and confirmed the correctness of results of SAES determination of oxysulfides in the range from 500 to 1900 sparks (<i>t</i>_exp = 0.01) at a signal integration delay time of 110 μs (<i>t</i>_exp = 0.23). The technique for SAES determination of the total percentage of oxysulfides was tested in analysis of industrial structural steel samples. The results confirmed that there was no systematic error and that correct determination data were obtained (<i>t</i>_exp &lt; 4.30). The proposed technique for NMI determination allows the analysis time to be reduced from 18 h (SEM/EDS) to 10 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"259 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Procedure for Determining Priority Phthalates by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry at a Trace Level of Concentrations in Surface Water with a Background Pollution Level","authors":"T. A. Grigoryeva,&nbsp;A. G. Gorshkov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700377","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700377","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A procedure for determining trace concentrations of priority phthalates in surface waters with a background pollution level is validated. Lake Baikal, characterized by a minimal concentration of suspended organic matter, a low degree of mineralization, and a background level of concentrations of organic pollutants, is chosen as a natural model for the study. Four priority phthalates are found in Lake Baikal water: dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-<i>n</i>-butyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate present in a range of concentrations of 0.01 to 0.66 μg/L. The procedure for the determination of phthalates includes a single liquid–liquid extraction of phthalates (<i>V</i>_sample = 1 L) and a direct analysis of the extracts by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Considering the minimum concentration of suspended particles in the water and high sensitivity of mass spectrometry, stages of filtration of samples and concentration of extracts are excluded from the procedure. Deuterated phthalates are used as surrogate internal standards. The laboratory background of phthalates is assessed by conducting a control experiment and multiple extractions. The limits of determination of phthalates are assessed (0.01–0.17 μg/L); the error of determination is 12 to 38%. The procedure was validated during the monitoring of persistent organic substances in the Baikal water for the period of 2015–2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 3","pages":"379 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}