Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Microspherical Single Crystal Diamond Indenter as a Means of Obtaining Stress-Strain Diagrams","authors":"A. S. Kushnereva,&nbsp;G. Kh. Sultanova,&nbsp;A. S. Useinov,&nbsp;A. A. Rusakov,&nbsp;V. V. Solovyev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700724","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Obtaining a stress-strain diagram using tensile testing machines involves testing a sample of large volume. An alternative to such tests is the automated ball indentation test (ABI test) designed to determine the dependence of stress on plastic deformation of metallic materials and structural elements. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of the technique developed for plotting a stress-strain diagram using large spherical indenters (of 250–1500 μm in diameter) for work with a microspherical indenter with a diameter of 5 μm. The use of such an indenter makes it possible to study small-sized material samples, from which it is impossible to prepare samples for a standard uniaxial tensile experiment. The indenter of small diameter is used to study individual phases of heterogeneous materials and grain boundaries as well as thin films, coatings, and surface layers of the sample. In this study, the shape of the obtained imprints on the surface of the samples is examined both by a noncontact method using confocal optical 3D-profilometry and by a contact method using atomic-force microscopy. The noncontact method, as it has a higher speed, is used to determine the grain sizes of alloys; the contact method, as it has a higher lateral resolution, is used to measure the diameter of imprints. A series of experiments are carried out on tensile testing of alloys on a universal testing machine and on indentation of samples made from the same alloys. The values of elastic moduli and temporary resistances of the V95, VT1, and VT6 alloys are obtained, which coincide within the error limits in two different experiments. Stress-strain diagrams are plotted experimentally using instrumental indentation and analysis of the geometry of residual imprints when using a spherical tip made of a single crystal diamond with a small radius of curvature (of 2.5 μm).</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"262 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Biaxial Mechanical Loading on the Magnetic Characteristics and Harmonic Spectrum of 65G Spring Steel","authors":"I. S. Malakhov,&nbsp;R. A. Sokolov,&nbsp;K. R. Muratov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700438","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report experimental data and mathematic modeling results obtained with the aim of assessing the effect of biaxial mechanical loading on magnetic characteristics of 65G spring steel. The magnetic characteristics of the steel specimen included its magnetic hysteresis loop, whose harmonic spectrum was analyzed at different external load combinations. It has been shown that, in the region where magnetic parameters were measured, the specimen was subjected to a relatively uniform tensile stress. The load distribution over specimen sections shows that, in the case of uniaxial tension along the horizontal or vertical axis, the type of stress distribution remains unchanged provided there is no strong anisotropy. In addition, increasing the external biaxial tensile load has been shown to cause a decrease in coercive force, whereas under uniaxial load the coercive force rises and harmonic components undergo sharp changes (at a load near 50 MPa), which can be interpreted as evidence of residual internal stress redistribution processes in the material. Our results can be useful in ensuring safe operation of parts made of spring steel and provide a basis for designing a magnetic method of assessing loads of complex configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"150 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Formic Acid as a Mobile Phase Additive on the Retention of Dead Time Markers in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography","authors":"O. I. Grinevich,&nbsp;T. M. Baigil’diev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700530","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of formic acid as a mobile phase additive on the retention time of five compounds (sodium nitrite, potassium iodide, acetone, uracil, oxalic acid) selected as dead time markers was studied in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). All the studied compounds were shown to have weak retention on the surface of octadecylsilica gel under neutral conditions. However, the introduction of an acidic additive to the mobile phase leads to an increase in the retention of compounds giving an alkaline reaction. This effect was particularly strong for sodium nitrite. The lowest retention time was observed for oxalic acid, and it can be recommended as a dead time marker for the analysis of weakly polar and nonpolar compounds in neutral and acidic media.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"22 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Ballast in a Rapidly Heated Graphite Furnace: Lead and Cadmium Assay in Seawater","authors":"A. Yu. Sadagov,&nbsp;Yu. M. Sadagov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700505","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of Pb and Cd atomization in seawater samples have been examined in a rapidly heated (a heating rate of 10°C/msec) graphite furnace with a ballast. A method is proposed to determine the concentrations of Pb and Cd in seawater samples using a Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption (ETAA) spectrometer with a tantalum ballast inside a rapidly heated graphite furnace without preliminary sample preparation and/or without adding chemical modifiers. The experiments involved seawater samples from the Baltic and Black Seas and samples of a model seawater solution with a salinity of 35 g/L. When a graphite furnace is heated, sample vapors condense on the surface of a relatively cold ballast. This is followed by re-evaporation into a heated analytical cell when the ballast is heated by radiating furnace walls. The shift of the atomization process to the region of a steady-state and high furnace temperature, as well as decreasing background absorption during atomization, help reduce the chemical and spectral matrix influence on the analytical signal. The standard addition method adapted to the spectrometer conversion function is used to compensate for the element assay bias. The analytical and metrological parameters of the technique have been established: the characteristic masses are 2.2 pg for Pb and 0.17 pg for Cd. The characteristic concentrations are 0.44 μg/L for Pb and 0.034 μg/L for Cd, respectively. The detection limits are 0.20 μg/L (Pb) and 0.02 μg/L (Cd). The upper assay limits equal 0.50 μg/L for Pb and 0.05 μg/L for Cd. The random and systematic components of the error in element assay in the seawater samples are no higher than 10%.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Static Strength of Pultruded Fiberglass Composites at Elevated and Reduced Temperatures under a Complex-Stress State","authors":"O. A. Staroverov,&nbsp;A. M. Kuchukov,&nbsp;V. A. Mel’nikova,&nbsp;A. S. Elkin,&nbsp;I. V. Sergeichev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700736","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700736","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pultruded glass-fiber composites have been widely used in road infrastructures and in construction but their strength characteristics under complex stress state at different temperatures have not been determined, which complicates their further use. This work is devoted to the determination of static strength and stiffness of pultruded glass-fiber composites under normal and shear stresses (induced by simultaneous axial loading and torsion of specimens) for three different temperatures. The paper reveals the methodological aspects of testing under multiaxial loading; in particular, it analyzes different variants of specimen tabs. The experimental part included uniaxial tensile, torsion, compression tests, as well as multiaxial combined tensile and compression tests with torsion at normal, elevated, and low temperatures. Sensitivity of pultruded glass-fiber composites to complex stress state is revealed. Failure envelopes were built after axial and multiaxial testing at various temperatures. A failure criterion of the fourth order is proposed. The displacement and strain fields of the tubular specimens were analyzed using the VIC 3D at the chosen loadings and temperatures. The displacement fields were similar on the surfaces of the specimens, which indicates correct and uniform loading. The characteristic fractures are presented. The cracks on the specimens were different and correspond to the respective loading parameters and temperatures. This data allows us to predict the failure of the pultruded glass-fiber composites under complex loadings and different temperatures, which is necessary for the use of such materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"268 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Degradation of a Petrochemical Reactor Wall Using Hydrogen-Saturated Samples","authors":"A. V. Nechaeva,&nbsp;V. A. Polyanskiy,&nbsp;V. V. Shalagaev,&nbsp;Yu. A. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700761","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting the failure-free operation of petrochemical reactors is necessary for the safe functioning of the petrochemical industry. However, in the case of deformation-free brittle destruction, it is not possible to make an adequate forecast based on the results of regulated technical control. One of the sources of such destruction is hydrogen embrittlement. To solve the problem of forecasting without large-sized cuttings from the walls of the equipment, a comparison is made between the mechanical properties of samples cut out of the walls of a destroyed petrochemical reactor after long-term operation and samples made of a sheet of the same steel grade and saturated with hydrogen using the cathodic polarization method to the same concentration that are measured in the walls of the studied reactor. The thickness of the metal sheet, which the walls are made of, is equal to the thickness of the sheet from which the model samples are obtained. The samples were cut out along and across the rolling direction. Comparative studies of the behavior of identical model and “operational” samples are carried out taking into account the development of operational damage, the direction of cutting out of standardized samples for mechanical isothermal tests, and the curing time of samples after hydrogenation. A regulated calculation of the residual life of a reactor is carried out on the basis of mechanical characteristics of samples cut out of it. A fundamental difference in the mechanical characteristics of model and operational samples is discovered. The strength and yield strength values of the model samples do not change, while those cut out of the reactor are 30% less than the initial ones. This difference does not allow the use of model samples saturated with the cathodic polarization to predict hydrogen degradation of steel elements of petrochemical equipment. The insufficiency of the nondestructive testing methods regulated in technical diagnostics is shown since they do not take into account the possibility of the formation of deformation-free hydrogen cracking of the equipment walls. It is shown that the methodology for the regulated calculation of the residual service life carried out during the examination based on both the actual strength properties of the samples and the mechanical characteristics of model hydrogenated samples cut in different directions relative to the rolling direction requires revision.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"299 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Methyl Methacrylate in Aqueous Extracts of Polymethyl Methacrylate by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography","authors":"N. V. Mikhailova,&nbsp;S. V. Stakhanova,&nbsp;Yu. V. Ermolenko,&nbsp;U. L. Kobets,&nbsp;E. G. Vinokurov,&nbsp;I. N. Semenova,&nbsp;Ya. N. Kharakh","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700554","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing an accessible method for determining methyl methacrylate (MMA) in aqueous media is an important task since it is necessary in dental practice to monitor the residual monomer released from denture material, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), into the oral cavity. The proposed electrophoretic method for determining MMA is characterized by high accuracy, short analysis time, and minimal sample preparation. Optimum analysis conditions were determined: surfactant concentration (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) of 80 mmol/L, voltage applied to the capillary of 25 kV, and temperature of 25°C. The developed method was tested on real objects from dental practice: denture base materials intended for the fabrication and rebasing of prosthetic dental appliances. Monitoring of MMA release from PMMA samples allowed assessment of the residual monomer content in deionized water and a saliva-simulating fluid: the concentration of MMA in the model (saliva) solution was 35% lower than in water after 48 h. With direct spectrophotometric detection (λ = 215 nm), the limits of detection for MMA in deionized water and the saliva‑simulating fluid are 0.015 and 0.020 μg/mL, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"32 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile-Based Indicator for Acid-Base Titration","authors":"S. A. Efanov,&nbsp;T. N. Kudryavtseva,&nbsp;E. V. Grekhneva,&nbsp;E. A. Dorofeeva","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700621","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Halochromic textile materials were obtained by functionalizing cotton fabric with halochromic disazo derivatives of 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid using direct dyeing technology. These materials were used as indicators for acid-base titration. Rectangular fragments of the resulting material measuring 20 × 20 mm were placed directly into the titrated solution. Halochromic dye is localized within the fabric fragment, significantly facilitating the titration endpoint visual indication. The color change interval and rate were studied during potentiometric titration of sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and tap water. Approbation of halochromic textile material as an indicator for acid-base titration was carried out using the example of determining the alkalinity of water. The accuracy of results was confirmed using the “introduced–found” method. Halochromic sensor material is characterized by a high rate of color change. In all cases, the material’s color change is visually observed within the titration curve’s transition point. Data obtained for water alkalinity determination using various indicators are in good agreement. The developed material can be used in contactless pH monitoring systems through a transparent wall as an alternative to fluorescent sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"62 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric Properties of High-Energy Microwave-Absorbing Composites","authors":"A. S. Sivak,&nbsp;S. V. Trigorlyi,&nbsp;S. G. Kalganova,&nbsp;Yu. A. Kadykova,&nbsp;G. V. Sakhadzhi,&nbsp;T. P. Sivak,&nbsp;E. Yu. Vasinkina","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700463","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Addressing unresolved issues in microwave electrotechnology, related to mathematical modeling and development of systems or technologies for exposure of materials to an electromagnetic field, requires knowledge of the dielectric properties of high-energy microwave-absorbing composites. In this paper, we present calculation results and experimental data on the dielectric properties of epoxy-matrix composite materials containing various fillers. The dielectric properties of the materials were studied by a waveguide method based on determination of the complex reflection and transmission coefficients of electromagnetic waves in a working chamber containing a sample to be studied. Modeling the electric field distribution, we have optimized the electromagnetic wave geometry in a measuring microwave line (frequency of 2450 MHz). The use of silicon carbide as an absorbing filler in the composite has been shown to ensure a high temperature of its heating through microwave energy dissipation. In addition, the results of full-scale measurements of the dielectric properties of the composites having different fillers agree with those of numerical experiments to within 14%. The results we obtained can be useful in designing new microwave-absorbing polymer-based composites with tailored functional properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"144 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Control by a Digital Thermographic Camera of Aluminum Sheets under High-Density Electric Pulsing","authors":"A. Kh. Valeeva,&nbsp;I. Sh. Valeev,&nbsp;M. V. Markushev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168525700426","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168525700426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the main factors hindering the application of high-density electropulsing technology is the lack of commercial devices to record the temperature of wrought semi-products and billets under conditions of an ultrahigh heating rate and ultrashort annealing time. This paper presents the data on the control of temperature and duration of the stages of heating and cooling of rectangular plates with a thickness of 1 mm and gauge length of up to 92 mm out of cold- and cryo-rolled sheets of the 1560 (Al–6Mg–0.6Mn) and 1965 (Al–8Zn–2Mg–2Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc–0.1Mn) alloys during a single exposure to millisecond pulses with a current density of up to 90 kA/mm². The temperature changes were recorded using a THT-600 digital thermographic camera with a frame rate of 50 Hz. It was found that the temperature measured in the central sample volumes coincides well with the calculated one under heating up to 200°C and weakly depends on their length. The temperature distributions over the width and length of the plates are heterogeneous, and the temperature gradient decreases with their length. The detection of volumes with an increased temperature along the longitudinal edges of the samples was originated by the elecropulsing skin-effect, and those with a reduced temperature near the boundaries of the treated zone were due to intense heat outflow through capture-current traps. The results can be used to improve methods of online temperature control of aluminum semiproducts under electropulsing treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"61 1-6","pages":"171 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}