电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)最新文献_第4页

n+-p-p+ Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness Determination under Magnetic Field 磁场作用下n+-p-p+硅太阳电池基底最佳厚度的测定

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.127009

C. Thiaw, Mamadou Lamine Ba, M. Ba, G. Diop, Ibrahima Diatta, M. Ndiaye, G. Sissoko

引用次数: 4

General Analytic Solution of the Telegrapher’s Equations and the Resulting Consequences for Electrically Short Transmission Lines 电短传输线电报方程的一般解析解及其结果

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.126007

S. Kühn

{"title":"General Analytic Solution of the Telegrapher’s Equations and the Resulting Consequences for Electrically Short Transmission Lines","authors":"S. Kühn","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.126007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.126007","url":null,"abstract":"Based on classical circuit theory, this article develops a general analytic solution of the telegrapher’s equations, in which the length of the cable is explicitly contained as a freely adjustable parameter. For this reason, the solution is also applicable to electrically short cables. Such a model has become indispensable because a few months ago, it was experimentally shown that voltage fluctuations in ordinary but electrically short copper lines move at signal velocities that are significantly higher than the speed of light in a vacuum. This finding contradicts the statements of the special theory of relativity but not, as is shown here, the fundamental principles of electrical engineering. Based on the general transfer function of a transmission line, the article shows mathematically that an unterminated, electrically short cable has the characteristics of an ideal delay element, meaning that an input signal appears at the output with a slight delay but remains otherwise unchanged. Even for conventional cables, the time constants can be so small that the corresponding signal velocities can significantly exceed the speed of light in a vacuum. The article also analyses the technical means with which this effect can be conveyed to very long cables.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44857583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Quad-Band Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting System 用于射频能量采集系统的四频段矩形天线

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.125006

D. Elsheakh, Mina Farouk, H. Elsadek, H. Ghali

{"title":"Quad-Band Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting System","authors":"D. Elsheakh, Mina Farouk, H. Elsadek, H. Ghali","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.125006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.125006","url":null,"abstract":"The design of multiband microstrip rectenna for radio frequency energy harvesting applications is presented in this paper. The designed antenna has good performance in the GSM-900/1800, WiFi and WLAN bands. In addition, the rectifier circuit is designed at multi resonant frequencies to collect the largest amount of RF ambient power from different RF sources. The developed antenna is matched with the rectifier at four desired frequencies using several rectifier branches to collect the largest of RF power. The proposed rectenna is printed on FR4 substrate with modified ground plane to achieve suitable impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna consists of elliptical radiating plane with stubs and stepped modified ground plane. The rectenna resonates at quad frequency bands at (GSM 900/1800, WiFi band and WLAN bands) with rectifier power conversion efficiency up to 56.4% at 0 dBm input power using the HSMS-2850 Schottky diode. The efficiency is more enhanced by using SMS-7630-061 Schottky diode which is characterized by a low junction capacitance and a low threshold voltage to achieve higher conversion efficiency up to 71.1% at the same 0 dBm input power for the same resonating frequency band.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45862378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Lamella Silicon Solar Cell under Both Temperature and Magnetic Field: Width Optimum Determination 温度和磁场作用下硅片太阳能电池的最佳宽度测定

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.124005

D. Faye, S. Gueye, M. Ndiaye, Mamadou Lamine Ba, Ibrahima Diatta, Youssou Traoré, Masse Samba Diop, G. Diop, A. Diao, G. Sissoko

{"title":"Lamella Silicon Solar Cell under Both Temperature and Magnetic Field: Width Optimum Determination","authors":"D. Faye, S. Gueye, M. Ndiaye, Mamadou Lamine Ba, Ibrahima Diatta, Youssou Traoré, Masse Samba Diop, G. Diop, A. Diao, G. Sissoko","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.124005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.124005","url":null,"abstract":"This work deals with determining the optimum thickness of the lamella wafer of silicon solar cell. The (p) base region makes up the bulk of the thickness of the wafer. This thickness has always been a factor limiting the performance of the solar cell, as it produces the maximum amount of electrical charges, contributing to the photocurrent. Determining the thickness of the wafer cannot be only mechanical. It takes into account the internal physical mechanisms of generation-diffusion-recombination of excess minority carriers. They are also influenced by external factors such as temperature and magnetic field. Under these conditions, magneto transport equation is required to be applied on excess minority carrier in lamella base silicon solar cell. It yields maximum diffusion coefficient which result on Lorentz law and Umklapp process. Then from photocurrent, back surface recombination velocity expressions are derived, both maximum diffusion coefficient and thickness dependent. The plot of the back surface recombination calibration curves as function of lamella width, leads to its maximum values, trough intercept points. Lamella optimum width is then obtained, both temperature and magnetic field dependent and expressed in relationships to show the required base thickness in the elaboration process.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Impact of Onset Ambiguity on SEM Signature and Reduction Approach by Scattering and Polarization Diversification 起始歧义对SEM特征的影响以及散射和极化多样化的归约方法

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.123004

F. Aldhubaib

引用次数: 4

Measurement of Electrical Resistance of Liquid Electrolytes and Materials Containing Them 液体电解质及含电解质材料的电阻测量

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.122002

K. V. Dobrego, M. Chumachenko, O. Boiprav, N. Grinchik, H. A. Pukhir

{"title":"Measurement of Electrical Resistance of Liquid Electrolytes and Materials Containing Them","authors":"K. V. Dobrego, M. Chumachenko, O. Boiprav, N. Grinchik, H. A. Pukhir","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.122002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.122002","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of the electrical conductivity of electrolytes and heterogeneous materials containing them is accompanied by numerous physical and electrochemical processes, complicating measuring and interpretation of data. As a result, the measurement of the electrical conductivity of such a system is a difficult and not finally resolved problem. The new method of resistance measurement of the electrolytic systems is substantiated and tested on example of heterogeneous electrolytic system “lignin-calcium chloride water solution” in this article. The method is based on measurement of resistance of the electrolytic system at different voltages (DC) on the cell and the consequent approximation of the acquired data taking into consideration volume charges and potential barriers arising on the boarders of electrodes and electrolytic materials. Extrapolation of the resistance to the limiting small current lets one obtain a characteristic value of the active resistance of the electrolytic system. The method is technically simple, inexpensive and has several advantages compared to the methods based on AC measurements.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46204439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Field Shielding Effect of Mountain on the Lightning Electromagnetic Field 山地对雷电电磁场的屏蔽作用

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.122003

Xiaoyu Peng, Lei Wang, Jinbo Zhang, Jiawen Chen, B. Dai

{"title":"The Field Shielding Effect of Mountain on the Lightning Electromagnetic Field","authors":"Xiaoyu Peng, Lei Wang, Jinbo Zhang, Jiawen Chen, B. Dai","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.122003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.122003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have studied the effect of strike to a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by two chains of hills on the lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field at different distances, by using two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) method in cylindrical coordinate systems. In order to analyze the electrostatic shielding effect of strike to a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by two chains of hills on the lightning, we chose three mountains, and the left one is stroke by lightning, and the right one is near the obervation site, and the middle one with the top heights increasing from 0 to 2 km is between them. For the observed point, the electrostatic shielding effect of the right one on the lightning vertical electric field is the most serious, and the electric field is much less than that for strike to flat ground level; compared with the electric field, the shielding effect of the right one on the lightning azimuthal magnetic field becomes less, for most cases, the lightning magnetic field at the observed site is larger than that for flat ground cases mainly due to that of the increment caused by strike to the right mountain. With the increase of distance (e.g., 20 km from the lightning strike point), the shielding effect of the right mountain on the lightning field becomes less, because the reflected wave from the right mountain bottom plays a more important role over intermediate ranges, and the far radiation electromagnetic field peak value becomes larger due to such a reflecting wave. Therefore, in the lightning detecting technique, we should pay more attention to the effect caused by chains of hills on the lightning location and the estimation of lightning current peak.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Simplified Numerical Approach for Simulating Electromagnetic Propulsion 电磁推进模拟的简化数值方法

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-01-19 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.121001

Kaichen Wang, Ruiwen Chen

引用次数: 0

Comparison of FASTMAP and B0 Field Map Shimming at 4T: Magnetic Field Mapping Using a Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequence FASTMAP和B0场图在4T振荡的比较:利用梯度回波脉冲序列进行磁场成像

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2020.128010

M. Jayatilake, C. Sica, Rommy Elyan, P. Karunanayaka

{"title":"Comparison of FASTMAP and B0 Field Map Shimming at 4T: Magnetic Field Mapping Using a Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequence","authors":"M. Jayatilake, C. Sica, Rommy Elyan, P. Karunanayaka","doi":"10.4236/jemaa.2020.128010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2020.128010","url":null,"abstract":"Local susceptibility variations result in B0 field inhomogeneities, causing distortions and signal losses in MR imaging. Susceptibility variations become stronger with increasing B0 magnetic field strength. Active shimming is used to generate corrective magnetic fields, which can be used to improve B0 field homogeneity. FASTMAP is an effective shimming technique for computing optimal coil currents, which uses data from six projection directions (or columns): this technique is routinely used for shimming cubic volumes of interest (VOIs). In this paper, we propose several improvements to FASTMAP at 4T. For each shim coil, using a modified 3D gradient-echo pulse sequence, we compute B0 inhomogeneity maps and project them onto eight 1st and 2nd order spherical harmonic functions. This process is repeated for shim currents between -15,000 to 15,000 with increments of 5000 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) units, and is used to compute the gradient between spherical harmonic coefficients and DAC values for all 8 shim coils—along with the R2 values of linear fits. A method is proposed (based on R2 values) to further refine optimal shim currents in respective coils. We present an analysis that is numerically robust and completely flexible in the selection of the VOIs for shimming. Performance analyses, phantom results, and in vivo results of a human brain are presented, comparing our methods with the FASTMAP method.","PeriodicalId":58231,"journal":{"name":"电磁分析与应用期刊(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"115-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70292713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Shunt Resistance Determination in a Silicon Solar Cell: Effect of Flow Irradiation Energy and Base Thickness 硅太阳能电池分流电阻的测定：流动辐照能量和基底厚度的影响

电磁分析与应用期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.4236/jemaa.2019.1112014

Ousmane Sow, Mamadou Lamine Ba, Hamet Yoro Ba, Mohamed Abderrahim Ould El Moujtaba, Youssou Traoré, Masse Samba Diop, Habiboullah Lemrabott, M. Wade, G. Sissoko

引用次数: 0