Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the head cavity and submerged nozzle on corner vortices and pressure oscillations in a solid rocket motor with a backward-facing step","authors":"Hongbo Xu,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Chao Huo,&nbsp;Yifang He,&nbsp;Peijin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taking a C1x motor with a backward-facing step which can generate a typical corner vortex as a reference, a numerical methodology using large eddy simulation was established in this study. Based on this methodology, the position of the backward-facing step of the motor was computed and analyzed to determine a basic configuration. Two key geometrical parameters, the head cavity angle and submerged nozzle cavity height, were subsequently introduced. Their effects on the corner vortex motion and their interactions with the acoustic pressure downstream of the backward-facing step were analyzed. The phenomena of vortex acoustic coupling and characteristics of pressure oscillations were further explored. The results show that the maximum error between the simulations and experimental data on the dominant frequency of pressure oscillations is 5.23%, which indicates that the numerical methodology built in this study is highly accurate. When the step is located at less than 5/8 of the total length of the combustion chamber, vortex acoustic coupling occurs, which can increase the pressure oscillations in the motor. Both the vorticity and the scale of vortices in the downstream step increase when the head cavity angle is greater than 24°, which increases the amplitude of the pressure oscillation by maximum 63.0%. The submerged nozzle cavity mainly affects the vortices in the cavity itself rather than those in the downstream step. When the height of the cavity increases from 10 to 20 mm, the pressure oscillation amplitude under the main frequency increases by 39.1%. As this height continues to increase, the amplitude of pressure oscillations increases but the primary frequency decreases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 405-416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodology to simulate interior and intermediate ballistics with dynamic mesh technique and lumped parameter code","authors":"G. Guermonprez ,&nbsp;T. Gaillard ,&nbsp;J. Dupays ,&nbsp;J. Anthoine ,&nbsp;R. Demarthon","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this paper is to simulate and study the early moments of the reactive ballistics of a large caliber projectile fired from a gun, combining 0D and 2D axisymmetric Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches. First, the methodology is introduced with the development of an interior ballistics (IB) lumped parameter code (LPC), integrating an original image processing method for calculating the specific regression of propellant grains that compose the gun propellant. The ONERA CFD code CEDRE, equipped with a Dynamic Mesh Technique (DMT), is then used in conjunction with the developed LPC to build a dedicated methodology to calculate IB. First results obtained on the AGARD gun and 40 mm gun test cases are in a good agreement with the existing literature. CEDRE is also used to calculate intermediate ballistics (first milliseconds of free flight of the projectile) with a multispecies and reactive approach either starting from the gun muzzle plane or directly following IB. In the latter case, an inverse problem involving a Latin hypercube sampling method is used to find a gun propellant configuration that allows the projectile to reach a given exit velocity and base pressure when IB ends. The methodology developed in this work makes it possible to study the flame front of the intermediate flash and depressurization that occurs in a base bleed (BB) channel at the gun muzzle. Average pressure variations in the BB channel during depressurization are in good agreement with literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 447-464"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of isolators in two-phase kerosene/air rotating detonation engines","authors":"Wenbo Cao ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Weng ,&nbsp;Huangwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the three-dimensional non-premixed two-phase kerosene/air rotating detonation engines with different isolator configurations and throat area ratios are simulated by the Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The effects of the divergence, straight, and convergence isolators on the rotating detonation wave dynamics and the upstream oblique shock wave propagation mechanism are analyzed. The differences in the rotating detonation wave behaviors between ground and flight operations are clarified. The results indicate that the propagation regimes of the upstream oblique shock wave depend on the isolator configurations and operation conditions. With a divergence isolator, the airflow is accelerated throughout the isolator and divergence section, leading to a maximum Mach number (∼1.8) before the normal shock. The total pressure loss reaches the largest, and the detonation pressure drops. The upstream oblique shock wave can be suppressed within the divergence section with the divergence isolator. However, for the straight and convergence isolators, the airflow in the isolator with a larger <em>ψ</em>₁ (0.3 and 0.4) can suffer from the disturbance of the upstream oblique shock wave. The critical incident angle is around 39° at ground operation conditions. The upstream oblique shock wave tends to be suppressed when the engine operates under flight operation conditions. The critical pressure ratio <em>β</em>_cr0 is found to be able to help in distinguishing the propagation regimes of the upstream oblique shock wave. Slightly below or above the <em>β</em>_cr0 can obtain different marginal propagation results. The high-speed airflow in the divergence section affects the fuel droplet penetration distance, which deteriorates the reactant mixing and the detonation area. Significant detonation velocity deficits are observed and the maximum velocity deficit reaches 26%. The results indicate the engine channel design should adopt different isolator configurations based on the purpose of total pressure loss or disturbance suppression. This study can provide useful guidance for the channel design of a more complete two-phase rotating detonation engine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 260-274"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature tensile failure mechanism of RTM-made composite T-joints","authors":"Yujin Zhang ,&nbsp;Evance Obara ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Longyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Shiyun Lin ,&nbsp;Zhilin Han ,&nbsp;Chuyang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the high-temperature tensile failure mechanism of RTM (resin transfer moulding)-made symmetric and asymmetric composite T-joints. The failure modes as well as the load-displacement curves of symmetric (three specimens) and asymmetric (three specimens) composite T-joints were determined by tensile tests at room and high temperatures. Progressive damage models (PDMs) of symmetric and asymmetric composite T-joints at room and high temperatures were established based on mixed criteria, and the result predicted from the aforementioned PDMs were compared with experimental data. The predicted initial and final failure loads and failure modes are in good agreement with the experimental results. The failure mechanisms of composite T-joints at different temperatures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that while the failure mode of asymmetric T-joints at high temperatures resembles that at room temperature, there is a difference in the failure modes of symmetric T-joints. The ultimate failure load of symmetric and asymmetric T-joints at elevated temperatures increases and reduces by 18.4% and 4.97%, albeit with a more discrete distribution. This work is expected to provide us with more knowledge about the usability of composite T-joints in elevated temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 371-386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced composite wing design for next-generation military UAVs: A progressive numerical optimization framework","authors":"M. Atif Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Kemal Hasirci ,&nbsp;Berk Gündüz ,&nbsp;Alaeddin Burak Irez","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) revolves around the careful selection of materials that are both lightweight and robust. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) emerged as an ideal option for wing construction, with its mechanical qualities thoroughly investigated. In this study, we developed and optimized a conceptual UAV wing to withstand structural loads by establishing progressive composite stacking sequences, and we conducted a series of experimental characterizations on the resulting material. In the optimization phase, the objective was defined as weight reduction, while the Hashin damage criterion was established as the constraint for the optimization process. The optimization algorithm adaptively monitors regional damage criterion values, implementing necessary adjustments to facilitate the mitigation process in a cost-effective manner. Optimization of the analytical model using Simulia Abaqus™ and a Python-based user-defined sub-routine resulted in a 34.7% reduction in the wing's structural weight after 45 iterative rounds. Then, the custom-developed optimization algorithm was compared with a genetic algorithm optimization. This comparison has demonstrated that, although the genetic algorithm explores numerous possibilities through hybridization, the custom-developed algorithm is more result-oriented and achieves optimization in a reduced number of steps. To validate the structural analysis, test specimens were fabricated from the wing's most critically loaded segment, utilizing the identical stacking sequence employed in the optimization studies. Rigorous mechanical testing revealed unexpectedly high compressive strength, while tensile and bending strengths fell within expected ranges. All observed failure loads remained within the established safety margins, thereby confirming the reliability of the analytical predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 141-155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced dynamic impact resistance of UHMWPE fabrics impregnated with double-thickening shear thickening fluid","authors":"Yiting Meng ,&nbsp;Heyu Chen ,&nbsp;Hengyu Lin ,&nbsp;Zhehong Lu ,&nbsp;Yubing Hu ,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the thermal stability mechanism of thermophilic protein, which presents ionic bonds that have better stability at higher temperatures, this paper proposes the introduction of electrostatic interactions by adding carboxyl-modified silica (C-SiO₂), PAA, and CaCl₂ to achieve higher viscosity over 25 °C. The rheological behavior of C-SiO₂-based shear thickening fluid (CS-STF) was investigated at a temperature range of 25–55 °C. Unlike SiO₂-based STF, which exhibits single-step thickening and a negative correlation between viscosity and temperature. As the C-SiO₂ content was 41% (w/w) and the mass ratio of PAA:CaCl₂:C-SiO₂ was 3:1:10, the CS-STF displayed a double-thickening behavior, and the peak viscosity reached 1330 Pa·s at 35 °C. From the yarn pull-out test, the inter-yarn force was significantly increased with the increasing CS-STF content. Treating UHMWPE fabrics with CS-STF improved the impact resistance effectively. In the blunt impact test, the U-CS fabrics with high CS-STF content (121.45 wt%) experienced penetration failure under high impact energy (18 J) due to stress concentration caused by the shear thickening behavior. The knife stabbing test demonstrated that U-CS fabrics with appropriate content (88.38 wt%) have the best stabbing resistance in various impact energies. Overall, this study proposed a high-performence STF showing double-thickening and enhancing shear-thickening behavior at a wide temperature range, the composite fabrics with the performance of resisting both the blunt and stab impact had broad application prospects in the field of personal protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the explosion load characteristics and structural response law under a cabin water mist environment: Experimental tests and simulations","authors":"Xiaobin Li ,&nbsp;Ya Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Wang ,&nbsp;Xingxing Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the explosion load characteristics and structural response law in a water mist environment in a cabin, explosion experiments are carried out. The weakening rates of the initial peak overpressure, quasistatic pressure and structural residual deflection increase with increasing working pressure of the water mist nozzle. Specifically, the weakening rate of the initial peak overpressure ranges from 7.8% to 31.0%, the quasistatic pressure weakening rate ranges from 29.2% to 41.0%, and the weakening rate of the center of the plate residual deflection ranges from 10.8% to 34.4% under the various working pressures of the nozzles. To further explore the effect of water mist explosion suppression, a method for three-dimensional numerical simulations of water mist weakening the explosion shock wave is established to explore the explosion load characteristics of the compartment and the bulkhead response law. On the basis of the dimension analysis method, empirical formulas are derived to predict the residual deflection thickness in the center of the bulkheads. These findings provide the fundamental basis for the application of water mist in anti-explosive protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 387-404"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of residual solvent dimethyl formamide on the solid phase ripening of ultrafine explosive 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene","authors":"Jincan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Bing Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Shichun Li ,&nbsp;Haobin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, ultrafine explosives are widely used in military fields. Ultrafine 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) has emerged as an optimal primer for explosion foil initiators due to its excellent thermal stability and high-voltage short-pulse initiation performance. However, the solid phase ripening of ultrafine HNS leads to a degradation in its impact detonation performance. Previous studies have indicated that residual dimethyl formamide (DMF), which is present in ultrafine HNS prepared using the recrystallization method, affects ultrafine HNS ripening. The mechanism of residual solvent effects on solid phase ripening of ultrafine HNS is unclear. In this work, the specific surface area (SSA) derived from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was utilized for kinetic fitting analysis to explore the mechanism by which residual solvents enhance the solid phase ripening of ultrafine HNS. The results of the SSA measured by in-situ SAXS under conditions of 150 °C for 40 h revealed that the sample with 0.2% residual DMF exhibited a 21.51% decrease in SSA, whereas the sample with only 0.04% residual DMF showed a decrease of 15.66%. Furthermore, the higher amounts of residual DMF accelerated the reduction in SSA with time. Kinetic fitting analysis demonstrated that reducing residual DMF would lower both the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor, consequently decreasing the rate constant of solid phase ripening. The mechanism was speculated that it primarily facilitated the Ostwald ripening (OR). Additionally, contrast variation small angle X-ray scattering (CV-SAXS) confirmed that coating of ultrafine HNS particles is an effective method for inhibiting ripening, significantly reducing both the rate and extent of ripening of ultrafine HNS. This study predicts how residual solvents impact the solid phase ripening process of ultrafine HNS and proposes strategies for enhancing the long-term stability of ultrafine explosives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random walk dispersion model for missile contrail particles in cross-airspace environments","authors":"Chenshuo Li ,&nbsp;Debin Fu ,&nbsp;Tianyu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Missiles provide long-range precision strike capabilities and have become a cornerstone of modern warfare. The contrail clouds formed by missile during their active flight phase present significant challenges to high-altitude environmental observation and target detection and tracking. Existing studies primarily focus on specific airspace regions, leaving critical gaps in understanding the effects of long dispersion times, wide altitude ranges, and variable atmospheric conditions on missile contrail clouds. To address these gaps, this article develops a numerical method based on the Lagrangian random walk model, which incorporates various velocity variation terms, including particle velocity caused by the difference of wind field, by the thermal motion of local gas molecules and by random collisions between contrail cloud particles to capture the influence of environmental wind fields, atmospheric conditions, and particle concentrations on the motion of contrail cloud particles. A general coordinate system aligned with the missile's flight trajectory is employed to represent particle distribution characteristics. The proposed method is in good agreement with the conducted experiments as well as with the available numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed model effectively simulates the dispersion state of contrail clouds, accurately reflecting the impact of large-scale wind field variations and altitude changes with high computational efficiency. Additionally, simulation results indicate that the increased distance between gas molecules in rarefied environments facilitates enhanced particle dispersion, while larger particles exhibit a faster dispersion rate due to their greater mass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 307-320"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot synthesis of PDDA-mediated CuO-functionalized activated carbon fabric for sarin detoxification with enhanced strength and permeability for NBC protective clothing","authors":"Himanshi Dhyani ,&nbsp;Ravindra V. Adivarekar ,&nbsp;Vikas B. Thakare ,&nbsp;Suraj Bharati ,&nbsp;Ajay Dixit ,&nbsp;G. Raviraju ,&nbsp;Prabhat Garg","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism, capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses, despite medical intervention. Therefore, detection, protection, and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders, military personnel, and civilians, driving significant research in this area. Herein, we designed and synthesized a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) mediated cupric oxide (CuO) functionalized activated carbon fabric (ACF), termed ACF@PDDA-CuO, as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing. PDDA, a positively charged polyelectrolyte, effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface, serving as a suitable binder. This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF, where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties, and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin. Comprehensive analyses, including FTIR, BET surface area analysis, SEM, EDS, TEM, STEM, TGA, XPS, and XRD, confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface. The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration. The materials were evaluated for tensile strength, air permeability, water vapor permeability, nerve agent (Sarin) detoxification, and blister agent (Sulfur Mustard) breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing. The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04% of Sarin within 18 h, compared to 25.22% by ACF alone, and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%, air permeability by 24.63%, and water vapor permeability by 3.94%, while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h. These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing, offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"48 ","pages":"Pages 67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}