Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献

{"title":"Ballistic response mechanism and resistance-driven evaluation method of UHMWPE composite","authors":"Yemao He ,&nbsp;Johnny Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanan Jiao ,&nbsp;Hongshuai Lei ,&nbsp;Zeang Zhao ,&nbsp;Daining Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite in the design of lightweight protective equipment, has gained a lot of interest. However, there is an urgent need to understand the ballistic response mechanism and theoretical prediction model of performance. This paper explores the ballistic response mechanism of UHMWPE composite through experimental and simulation analyses. Then, a resistance-driven modeling method was proposed to establish a theoretical model for predicting the bulletproof performance. The ballistic response mechanism of UHMWPE composite encompassed three fundamental modes: local response, structural response, and coupled response. The occurrence ratio of these fundamental response modes during impact was dependent on the projectile velocity and laminate thickness. The bulletproof performance of laminate under different response modes was assessed based on the penetration depth of the projectile, the bulging height on the rear face of the laminate, the thickness of remaining sub-laminate, and residual velocity of the projectile. The absolute deviations of bulletproof performance indicator between theoretical value and experimental value were well within 11.13%, demonstrating that the established evaluation model possessed high degree of prediction accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient and accurate numerical method for simulating close-range blast loads of cylindrical charges based on neural network","authors":"Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Changhai Chen ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Yaowen Yu ,&nbsp;Yuansheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problems of low accuracy by the CONWEP model and poor efficiency by the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method in predicting close-range air blast loads of cylindrical charges, a neural network-based simulation (NNS) method with higher accuracy and better efficiency was proposed. The NNS method consisted of three main steps. First, the parameters of blast loads, including the peak pressures and impulses of cylindrical charges with different aspect ratios (<em>L</em>/<em>D</em>) at different stand-off distances and incident angles were obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulations. Subsequently, incident shape factors of cylindrical charges with arbitrary aspect ratios were predicted by a neural network. Finally, reflected shape factors were derived and implemented into the subroutine of the ABAQUS code to modify the CONWEP model, including modifications of impulse and overpressure. The reliability of the proposed NNS method was verified by related experimental results. Remarkable accuracy improvement was acquired by the proposed NNS method compared with the unmodified CONWEP model. Moreover, huge efficiency superiority was obtained by the proposed NNS method compared with the CEL method. The proposed NNS method showed good accuracy when the scaled distance was greater than 0.2 m/kg^1/3. It should be noted that there is no need to generate a new dataset again since the blast loads satisfy the similarity law, and the proposed NNS method can be directly used to simulate the blast loads generated by different cylindrical charges. The proposed NNS method with high efficiency and accuracy can be used as an effective method to analyze the dynamic response of structures under blast loads, and it has significant application prospects in designing protective structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 257-271"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HTEC foot: A novel foot structure for humanoid robots combining static stability and dynamic adaptability","authors":"Jintao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuechao Chen ,&nbsp;Zhangguo Yu ,&nbsp;Lianqiang Han ,&nbsp;Zhifa Gao ,&nbsp;Qingrui Zhao ,&nbsp;Gao Huang ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive bionic feet, known for their human-like compliance, have garnered attention for their potential to achieve notable environmental adaptability. In this paper, a method was proposed to unifying passive bionic feet static supporting stability and dynamic terrain adaptability through the utilization of the Rigid-Elastic Hybrid (REH) dynamics model. First, a bionic foot model, named the Hinge Tension Elastic Complex (HTEC) model, was developed by extracting key features from human feet. Furthermore, the kinematics and REH dynamics of the HTEC model were established. Based on the foot dynamics, a nonlinear optimization method for stiffness matching (NOSM) was designed. Finally, the HTEC-based foot was constructed and applied onto BHR-B2 humanoid robot. The foot static stability is achieved. The enhanced adaptability is observed as the robot traverses square steel, lawn, and cobblestone terrains. Through proposed design method and structure, the mobility of the humanoid robot is improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 30-51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow field distribution and overpressure characteristics inside the crew compartment of a truck-mounted howitzer under the effect of muzzle blast","authors":"Shengcheng Wei ,&nbsp;Linfang Qian ,&nbsp;Yadong Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Yin ,&nbsp;Xinyu Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The muzzle blast overpressure induces disturbances in the flow field inside the crew compartment (FFICC) of a truck-mounted howitzer during the artillery firing. This overpressure is the primary factor preventing personnel from firing artillery within the cab. To investigate the overpressure characteristics of the FFICC, a foreign trade equipment model was used as the research object, and a numerical model was established to analyze the propagation of muzzle blast from the muzzle to the interior of the crew compartment under extreme firing condition. For comparative verification, the muzzle blast experiment included overpressure data from both the flow field outside the crew compartment (FFOCC) and the FFICC, as well as the acceleration data of the crew compartment structure (Str-CC). The research findings demonstrate that the overpressure–time curves of the FFICC exhibit multi-peak characteristics, while the pressure wave shows no significant discontinuity. The enclosed nature of the cab hinders the dissipation of pressure wave energy within the FFICC, leading to sustained high-amplitude overpressure. The frame-skin structure helps attenuate the impact of muzzle blast on the FFICC. Conversely, local high overpressure caused by the convex or concave features of the cab's exterior significantly amplifies the overpressure amplitude within the FFICC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 190-205"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the buckling of composite cylinders with reinforced circular hole under hydrostatic pressure","authors":"Zhun Li ,&nbsp;Xinhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kechun Shen ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a type of reinforcing structure for composite shell with single and through hole is presented. The experimental tests for the composite shells without hole, with single hole and reinforced structure, with through hole and reinforced structure subjected to hydrostatic pressure were carried out by the designed experimental test system. The mechanical responses of the composite shells under hydrostatic pressure are obtained by the high-speed camera and strain measurement. The results show that the entire deformation process of the shell can be divided into three: uniform compression, \"buckling mode formation\" and buckling. The \"buckling mode formation\" process is captured and reported for the first time. For the composite shell with single hole, the proposed reinforcing structure has a significant reinforcement effect on the shell and the buckling capacity of the shell is not weaker than the complete composite shell. For the composite shell with through hole, sealing effect can be achieved by the proposed reinforcing structure, but the buckling capacity of the shell after reinforcement can only reach 77% of the original buckling capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective optimization for stable and efficient cargo transportation of partial space elevator","authors":"Gefei Shi ,&nbsp;Zheng H. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function (LD-ASF) in lieu of the classic analytical speed function to control the climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration stability in cargo transportation. The LD-ASF is further optimized for payload transportation efficiency by a novel coordinate game theory to balance competing control objectives among payload transport speed, stable end body's libration, and overall control input via model predictive control. The transfer period is divided into several sections to reduce computational burden. The validity and efficacy of the proposed LD-ASF and coordinate game-based model predictive control are demonstrated by computer simulation. Numerical results reveal that the optimized LD-ASF results in higher transportation speed, stable end body's libration, lower thrust fuel consumption, and more flexible optimization space than the classic analytical speed function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure and temperature effects resulting from impact onto materials of different reactivity","authors":"Andreas Heine,&nbsp;Matthias Wickert","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressure and temperature increase resulting from the impact of different threats onto target materials is analyzed with a unified laboratory-scale setup. This allows deriving qualitative information on the occurring phenomenology as well as quantitative statements about the relative effects sizes as a function of target material and threat. The considered target materials are steel, aluminum, and magnesium. As threats, kinetic energy penetrator, explosively formed projectile, and shaped charge jet are used. For the investigated combinations, the measured overpressures vary by a factor of up to 5 for a variation of the material, by a factor of up to 7 for a variation of the threat, and by a factor larger than 15 for a simultaneous variation of both. The obtained results as well as the experimental approach are relevant for the basic understanding of impact effects and risks due to material reactivity. The paper combines two main aims. Firstly, to provide a summary of own prior work in a coherent journal article and, secondly, to review and discuss these earlier results with a new perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high maneuvering motion strategy and stable control method for tandem twin-rotor aerial-aquatic vehicles near the water surface","authors":"Sifan Wu ,&nbsp;Maosen Shao ,&nbsp;Sihuan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhilin He ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Jinxiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maneuverability and stealth of aerial-aquatic vehicles (AAVs) is of significant importance for future integrated air-sea combat missions. To improve the maneuverability and stealth of AAVs near the water surface, this paper proposed a high-maneuverability skipping motion strategy for the tandem twin-rotor AAV, inspired by the motion behavior of the flying fish to avoid aquatic and aerial predators near the water surface. The novel tandem twin-rotor AAV was employed as the research subject and a strategy-based ADRC control method for validation, comparing it with a strategy-based PID control method. The results indicate that both control methods enable the designed AAV to achieve high stealth and maneuverability near the water surface with robust control stability. The strategy-based ADRC control method exhibits a certain advantage in controlling height, pitch angle, and reducing impact force. This motion strategy will offer an inspiring approach for the practical application of AAVs to some extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 206-220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage analysis caused by 60Co ions in functionally graded materials","authors":"Zübeyde Özkan ,&nbsp;Uğur Gökmen ,&nbsp;Sema Bilge Ocak","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials (FGCM/FGHCM) were produced by adding B₄C, TiO₂, and B₄C+TiO₂ ceramic materials at various ratios (0–50%) into the AA6082 matrix. The analysis of the damage caused by ⁶⁰Co ions' (1.173–1.1332 MeV) on the material was examined using the SRIM/TRIM Monte Carlo simulation software. In the simulation, the following data regarding the atoms of the target materials were obtained: ion distribution, target ionization, total displacements, surface binding energy, lattice binding energy, and displacement energy. Among the studied four materials, the one with the highest ion range value was found to be AA6082 with 8550 Å. TiO₂ was found to be the reinforcement material that reduced the ion range the most in the material. Due to its high binding energy, B₄C reinforced AA6082+(0–50%) B₄C FGCM was found to have the least vacancy with 4782/ion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of angle of incidence on stabbing resistance in advanced protective textiles: Novel experimental framework and analysis","authors":"Mulat Alubel Abtew ,&nbsp;François Boussu ,&nbsp;Irina Cristian","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters, to the authors' knowledge, no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles. Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested. Two samples, one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers, from each fabric type structure, were prepared, and tested against stabbing at [0°], [22.5°], and [45°] angle of incidence. A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized. The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch (HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively. A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature (BFS) on the backing material after every specimen test. Each silicon print was then scanned, digitized, and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables, including Depth of Trauma (DOT), Depth of Penetration (DOP), and Length of Penetration (LOP). Besides, the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level. The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles. The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence, but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer, armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing, testing, optimizing, and using protective textiles in various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"44 ","pages":"Pages 67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}