Glass Physics and Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of Formation of Semiconductor Glass–Ceramics during Bulk Isothermal Crystallization of As2Se3Sn0.4 Glass","authors":"E. V. Shkol’nikov","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600693","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>¹¹⁹Sn nuclear gamma-resonance spectroscopy (¹¹⁹Sn NGRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and long-wavelength IR spectroscopy, as well as measurements of density, microhardness, and electrical conductivity parameters of quenched samples, were used to study step-by-step kinetically coupled structural–chemical and phase transformations during bulk isothermal crystallization of As₂Se₃Sn_0.40 (7.4 at % Sn) semiconductor glass at 240°C, leading to the formation of electrically conductive, chemically resistant glass–ceramics. Analysis using the generalized Kolmogorov–Avrami equation showed that, homogeneous nucleation and two-dimensional growth of finely dispersed SnSe and SnSe₂ crystals occur at the first stage of reconstructive crystallization at a temperature of 240°C, with the predominance of the SnSe phase, which initiates heterogeneous nucleation and two-dimensional growth of crystals of the main As₂Se₃ phase at the second stage. Changes in vibrational spectra and electrical conductivity parameters at different stages of bulk crystallization of As₂Se₃Sn_0.40 glass at 240°C are discussed. The kinetics of isothermal crystallization of glass at the first stage are also studied using continuous conductometry at temperatures of 240 and 260°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"568 - 578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Sers Enhancement Efficiency of Silver, Gold, Copper, and Their Bimetallic (Ag–Au, Au–Cu) Nanoparticles","authors":"D. A. Soldatova,&nbsp;A. Del Carpio Rocha,&nbsp;D. A. Lukyanov,&nbsp;I. A. Sokolov,&nbsp;A. V. Povolotskiy","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625601054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625601054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, silver nanoparticles remain one of the most prevalent substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), owing to their high enhancement efficiency across a broad range of excitation wavelengths. However, their practical application is limited by inherent drawbacks, including poor biocompatibility and a propensity for oxidation. To address these limitations, this study investigates the efficacy and stability of bimetallic alloy nanoparticles as alternative SERS substrates. Spherical silver–gold (Ag–Au) and gold–copper (Au–Cu) alloy nanoparticles were synthesized via laser ablation in aqueous media, a versatile technique chosen for its applicability to various compositions, unlike many conventional methods that are often material-specific. Among the synthesized alloys, the Ag–Au (2 : 1) composition demonstrated the highest SERS activity, exhibiting an enhancement factor only 1.5 times lower than that of pure silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Au–Cu (1 : 1) sample displayed greater enhancement efficiency at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm compared to monometallic gold or copper nanoparticles, while concurrently demonstrating superior stability. These findings indicate that bimetallic alloy nanoparticles are promising candidates for SERS applications, with their performance potentially surpassing that of their constituent pure metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"534 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Porous Textural Characteristics and Morphology of Saponite Particles","authors":"O. Yu. Golubeva","doi":"10.1134/S108765962560108X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S108765962560108X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on the porous textural characteristics and morphology of saponite NaMg₃[AlSi₃O₁₀](OH)₂·<i>n</i>H₂O is studied. Saponite is synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization from a gel of the corresponding composition in the temperature range from 200 to 350°C, the duration of synthesis ranges from 2 to 12 days, at a pressure of 700 atm. The obtained samples are studied using X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. It is established that varying the synthesis conditions makes it possible to obtain saponite with different degrees of crystallinity and porosity. The morphology of the particles is also determined by the synthesis conditions and can be spongy or lamellar. The possibility of forming a spongy structure using saponite is demonstrated for the first time. The specific surface area can vary in the range from 170 to 690 m²/g.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"642 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Surface Polishing on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Crystal Glass","authors":"Yanjie Shi,&nbsp;Lida Luo,&nbsp;Qingwei Wang","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600206","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crystal glass is characterized by a high transmittance, high refractive index, good hardness, and chemical stability, which makes it an excellent material for use in a wide variety of decoration, lamp, handicrafts, high-grade tableware, and jewelry. Nevertheless, these applications of crystal glass involve complicated mechanical processing, including cutting and polishing. This article examines the morphology, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of crystal glass following a range of processing treatments. The findings revealed that the surface roughness of the crystal glass subjected to mechanical processing was markedly diminished, while the optical transmittance was enhanced. However, the hardness of the polished sample exhibited a notable decline. Concurrently, the quantity of lead ion precipitation following acid immersion increased considerably, reaching 2.63 mg/L. After acid treatment, many hydrogen ions appeared on the surface, and the water contact angle of the sample significantly increased, especially for untreated crystal glass samples with more surface area.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"511 - 519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size Dependence of the Density of Certain Substances","authors":"M. Yu. Arsent’ev,&nbsp;M. M. Sychev","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600772","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600772","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Factors influencing the density of nanoparticles include the intrinsic density of the element or compound that forms the nanoparticle, surface properties, pore structure, and agglomeration within suspensions or aggregates. In this case, the first factor is the main one; therefore, the methods for quickly assessing changes in nanoparticle density as a function of particle size, which we considered in this paper, are relevant. An estimate of the actual density of a substance is proposed depending on the number of atoms in a particle (nanoparticle). It is found that density oscillations are observed in the dependence of the nanoparticle density on its radius. Calculations are carried out for C (diamond, graphite, graphene), Fe, Si, and ZrO₂. When density is considered as a function of the number of atoms, oscillations are observed, which vanish at a content of 10⁴ atoms, after which the density approaches values similar to those of bulk materials. The values of the radius of metal microparticles correspond to the values obtained earlier by other authors when explaining the deviation of the specific heat capacity of nanoparticles from the macroscopic heat capacity, based on solutions of the Schrödinger equation. The threshold values of mass and radius are unique for each substance and are significantly smaller than the Planck mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"624 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanically Induced Composites of Gelatin/Polyacrylamide and Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol","authors":"O. N. Dabizha,&nbsp;E. M. Ivan’kova,&nbsp;O. A. Shilova","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600784","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mechanochemical treatment of air-dried mixtures composed of polyvinyl alcohol (or polyacrylamide) and food-grade gelatin at various mass ratios is carried out in a vibrating cup sample grinder for 1, 3, and 5 min. As a result, gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin/polyacrylamide composites are obtained. The structure, morphology, and optical and rheological properties are studied using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron and optical microscopy, gravimetry, viscometry, and turbidity spectroscopy. It is found that mechanical activation promotes noncovalent interactions between components and the formation of a new system of hydrogen bonds, leading to changes in the microstructure of powders and in the viscosity of aqueous solutions. It is shown that mechanochemical activation of gelatin with polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol is a promising method for producing film composites with a wide range of applications, including the pharmaceutical and medical fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"589 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structuring the Ni Matrix with Ti–C Nanostructures Using Surface Chemical Reactions to Create a Composite with Improved Mechanical Properties","authors":"E. G. Zemtsova,&nbsp;P. E. Morozov,&nbsp;V. K. Kudymov,&nbsp;V. M. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1087659624601217","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659624601217","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern technologies for the creation of metal matrix composites (MMCs) are based on the directional nanostructuring (reinforcement) of a metal matrix with ceramic nanostructures leading to reinforced materials with improved mechanical characteristics. MMCs’ development firstly requires to establish chemical and physical parameters that control the properties of solids of varying degrees of complexity and materials based on them. Experimental and theoretical studies of nanostructuring processes help to synthesize nanomaterials with controlled mechanical properties. In this work, composites where titanium carbide (TiC) nanostructures with a size of 1–2 nm are evenly distributed in the bulk Ni matrix were obtained using surface chemical reactions (SCRs). Surface reactions provide the absence of interphase boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"543 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Ion Migration and Kinetics Mechanisms of Crystallization on Microwave Heating Process from Bayan Obo Iron Slag Glass Ceramics","authors":"Wence Xu,&nbsp;Kexuan Shen,&nbsp;Longfeng Tao","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600188","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The collaborative preparation of slag glass–ceramics using iron tailings and fly ash is an important approach to achieving high-value recycling of solid waste. In this study, a method of microwave-assisted heat treatment for preparing slag glass–ceramics was introduced to enhance crystallization efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The relationship between the microstructure and properties of glass–ceramics under the non-thermal effect of microwaves was investigated using traditional XRD, Raman, SEM, and other analytical techniques, and the structural evolution rule of the microcrystalline phase was obtained through in situ tracking tests. The migration and diffusion mechanism of CaF₂ and Fe₂O₃ under the catalytic effect of the microwave electromagnetic field was innovatively studied. The results show that microwave treatments improved crystallization efficiencies, enabling the augite to crystallize uniformly in the glass. Due to the interaction of microwave energy with the absorbing medium in glass ceramics, Ca²⁺ and F⁻ ions preferentially migrate and aggregate, resulting in the “micro-focusing effect” and a decrease in crystallization activation energy. In addition, the microwave electric field accelerated the diffusion of Fe ions, targeted and regulated the silica glass network to polymerize and form the augite.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"520 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vacuum Annealing on the Microstructure and Optoelectronic Properties of AZO Thin Films Deposited on Glass Substrates via Confocal RF Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"Chibani Ouissem,&nbsp;Tahar Touam,&nbsp;Azeddine Chelouche,&nbsp;Fatiha Challali","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600358","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were fabricated at room temperature on glass substrates using confocal RF magnetron sputtering, with a deposition time of 60 min. To assess the effects of thermal treatment, the films were subsequently annealed in a vacuum for 60 min at temperatures of 250 and 450°C. An investigation was carried out to study the films’ physical structure, surface morphology, and optoelectrical characteristics using advanced characterization techniques. The annealing process significantly enhanced the crystalline quality by improving <i>c</i>-axis orientation, increasing crystallite size, and reducing compressive stress. The surface morphology and roughness examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), exhibited noticeable changes with varying annealing temperatures, highlighting a clear dependence on the thermal treatment. Optical properties, measured via UV–Visible spectroscopy, showed that the as-deposited films had an average transmittance of 68.7% in the visible spectrum. After annealing, both optical transmittance and band gap values increased substantially, with higher annealing temperatures further improving the films’ transparency and optical performance. Hall-effect measurements indicated that the electrical properties of the films improved with increasing annealing temperature. Notably, the AZO thin film annealed at 450°C exhibited a lower resistivity of 4.3 × 10^–4 Ω cm and an average optical transmission of 87.5%, along with a high figure of merit (φ_<i>TC</i>) value of 1.1 × 10^–3 Ω^–1. These results highlight the vital role of vacuum annealing in optimizing AZO thin films for optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"491 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Density of Optical Lead-Containing Flint-Group Glasses in the Formation of Their Quantitative X-Ray and Gamma Radiation Attenuation Characteristics","authors":"V. I. Arbuzov","doi":"10.1134/S1087659625600796","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1087659625600796","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dependence of the linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of X-ray and gamma radiation in the range of photon energies, <i>E</i>, from 0.2 to 3.0 MeV for optical lead-containing glasses of the flint group on their density when it changes from 2.50 to 6.79 g/cm³ is studied. The study is based both on the published data on the LAC of such glasses, and the LAC values of an additional 37 grades obtained in this study using data on the composition of the glasses and their density, as well as the mass attenuation coefficients (MACs) of the oxides included in the glass composition. It is shown that for radiation with photon energies of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 MeV, the LAC values of lead-containing glasses of the flint group fit well onto straight lines depending on their density, whose slope decreases with increasing <i>E</i>. At the same time, glasses such as crown flints (CF), flints (F), heavy flints (HF), and super-heavy flints (SHF) form one subgroup, whereas special flints (SF) form another, whose LAC values for each value of photon energy are slightly lower than those of glasses of the first subgroup at approximately the same density values. Equations are derived that describe these straight lines, allowing the LAC of new lead-containing flint glass to be accurately calculated based on their density. For some grades of glass, at energies <i>E</i> from 0.2 to approximately 0.5 MeV, the LAC values are located slightly above or below these lines. These deviations from straight lines are explained by the differences in the nomenclature and concentrations of “heavy” oxides with their higher MAC values (PbO, Ta₂O₅, Gd₂O₃, La₂O₃, BaO, Sb₂O₃, CdO, Nb₂O₅, and ZrO₂) in these glasses and in glasses of other grades with similar density, whose LAC values fit well onto straight lines. At energies <i>E</i> from approximately 0.5 to 3.0 MeV, no deviations of the LAC values of these glasses from straight lines are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":580,"journal":{"name":"Glass Physics and Chemistry","volume":"51 5","pages":"552 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}