世界临床传染病学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Treatments and limitations for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A review of current literature","authors":"R. Kashyap, Aditya S. Shah, Taru Dutt, Patrick M. Wieruszewski, Jaishid Ahdal, R. Jain","doi":"10.5495/WJCID.V9.I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5495/WJCID.V9.I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Treatments and limitations for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A review of current literature","PeriodicalId":56483,"journal":{"name":"世界临床传染病学杂志(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44690480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmolyte transport in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and the role in pathogenesis.","authors":"William R Schwan,&nbsp;Keith J Wetzel","doi":"10.5495/wjcid.v6.i2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5495/wjcid.v6.i2.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osmolyte transport is a pivotal part of bacterial life, particularly in high salt environments. Several low and high affinity osmolyte transport systems have been identified in various bacterial species. A lot of research has centered on characterizing the osmolyte transport systems of Gram-negative bacteria, but less has been done to characterize the same transport systems in Gram-positive bacteria. This review will focus on the previous work that has been done to understand the osmolyte transport systems in the species <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and how these transporters may serve dual functions in allowing the bacteria to survive and grow in a variety of environments, including on the surface or within humans or other animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":56483,"journal":{"name":"世界临床传染病学杂志(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/4f/nihms800331.PMC4943863.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34680521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological functions and clinical implications of fibrinogen-like 2: A review.","authors":"Genyan Yang,&nbsp;W Craig Hooper","doi":"10.5495/wjcid.v3.i3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5495/wjcid.v3.i3.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrinogen-like 2 (FGL2) encompasses a transmembrane (mFGL2) and a soluble (sFGL2) form with differential tertiary structure and biological activities. Typically, mFGL2 functions as prothrombinase that is capable of initiating coagulation in tissue without activation of the blood clotting cascade, whereas sFGL2 largely acts as an immunosuppressor that can repress proliferation of alloreactive T lymphocytes and maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells. Protein sequences of FGL2 exhibit evolutionary conservation across wide variety of species, especially at the carboxyl terminus that contains fibrinogen related domain (FRED). The FRED of FGL2 confers specificity and complexity in the action of FGL2, including receptor recognition, calcium affiliation, and substrate binding. Constitutive expression of FGL2 during embryogenesis and in mature tissues suggests FGL2 might be physiologically important. However, excessive induction of FGL2 under certain medical conditions (<i>e.g</i>., pathogen invasion) could trigger complement activation, inflammatory response, cellular apoptosis, and immune dysfunctions. On the other hand, complete absence of FGL2 is also detrimental as lack of FGL2 can cause autoimmune glomerulonephritis and acute cellular rejection of xenografts. All these roles involve mFGL2, sFGL2, or their combination. Although it is not clear how mFGL2 is cleaved off its host cells and secreted into the blood, circulating sFGL2 has been found correlated with disease severity and viral loading among patients with human hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. Further studies are warranted to understand how FGL2 expression is regulated under physiological and pathological conditions. Even more interesting is to determine whether mFGL2 can fulfill an immunoregulatory role through its FRED at carboxyl end of the molecule and, and vice versa, whether sFGL2 is procoagulant upon binding to a target cell. Knowledge in this area should shed light on development of sFGL2 as an alternative immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation or as a biomarker for predicting disease progression, monitoring therapeutic effects, and targeting FGL2 for repression in ameliorating fulminant viral hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56483,"journal":{"name":"世界临床传染病学杂志(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5495/wjcid.v3.i3.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33996887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of <i>fim</i> genes in uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli.</i>","authors":"William R Schwan","doi":"10.5495/wjcid.v1.i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5495/wjcid.v1.i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections in women, causing significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Adherence to host epithelial cells is a pivotal step in the pathogenesis of UPEC. One of the most important virulence factors involved in mediating this attachment is the type 1 pilus (type 1 fimbria) encoded by a set of <i>fim</i> genes arranged in an operon. The expression of type 1 pili is controlled by a phenomenon known as phase variation, which reversibly switches between the expression of type 1 pili (Phase-ON) and loss of expression (Phase-OFF). Phase-ON cells have the promoter for the <i>fimA</i> structural gene on an invertible DNA element called <i>fimS</i>, which lines up to allow transcription, whereas transcription of the structural gene is silenced in Phase-OFF cells. The orientation of the <i>fimS</i> invertible element is controlled by two site-specific recombinases, FimB and FimE. Environmental conditions cause transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in UPEC cells that affect the level of regulatory proteins, which in turn play vital roles in modulating this phase switching ability. The role of <i>fim</i> gene regulation in UPEC pathogenesis will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":56483,"journal":{"name":"世界临床传染病学杂志(英文版)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638964/pdf/nihms-399044.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31403128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}