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Modern English-Language Historiography on Challenges to Russian Autocracy During the Crimean War 关于克里米亚战争期间俄国专制制度所受挑战的现代英语史学

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623090058

R. A. Khaziev

{"title":"Modern English-Language Historiography on Challenges to Russian Autocracy During the Crimean War","authors":"R. A. Khaziev","doi":"10.1134/s1019331623090058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331623090058","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The article analyzes noted books written by leading contemporary English-language researchers who offered non-trivial solutions to the scientific and historiographical re-actualization of the most important events of the Crimean War of 1853–1856. The studied array of historiographical sources indicates that the history of the Crimean War, which plays an important role in the collective memory of the Anglo-Saxon world, has evolved by the second decade of the 21 century into a renewed ideology. It focused on the differences between British/European and Russian imperial identities viewed from a hybrid perspective (acculturation, multivariate analysis, ethnopsychology, etc.) in chronicling the military campaign of 1853–1856. This article aims to systematize the latest English-language historiographical sources on the Crimean War, to determine the scientific effectiveness of the research approaches used by scholars, and to outline the direction of possible further research. The examination of the results of studies conducted by English-language scholars on the participation of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War allows us to state that, while different in quality, they are mainly dominated by viewpoints oriented towards advocacy by the authors of the historical interests of their countries with few attempts to reach the level of non-aligned research discourse of “ours and theirs.” These historiographical tendencies are to a greater extent predetermined by the belief well-established in foreign Russian studies that research should conform to the current political trend. This approach sometimes generates the effect of tunnel vision for the complex totality of the Russian imperial archetype that underwent a multifactorial national, subnational and global impact during the Crimean War.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Underground Warfare in Sevastopol (1854–1855): The Struggle between French and Russian Mine Systems 塞瓦斯托波尔的地下战争（1854-1855 年）：法国和俄罗斯地雷系统之间的斗争

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1134/s101933162309006x

S. S. Kurochkin

{"title":"Underground Warfare in Sevastopol (1854–1855): The Struggle between French and Russian Mine Systems","authors":"S. S. Kurochkin","doi":"10.1134/s101933162309006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s101933162309006x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The course of the struggle between Russian and French sappers in Sevastopol during the Crimean War (1853–1856) is analyzed, and the plans adopted during the fighting for waging an underground war on the part of both besiegers and defenders are studied. The purpose of this article is to study the tactics chosen by Russian and French military engineers to achieve their goals during the siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), to analyze the general results of their confrontation, and to clarify the influence of the underground war on the general course of the siege of the fortress city and on the further development of military engineering science. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the records of both sides (Russian and French combat logs) to identify what information about the enemy the besiegers and the defenders had at various stages of the siege and from what premises they proceeded when making certain decisions in planning their underground work. Both tactical and technical aspects of the confrontation between Russian and French miners are examined, and organizational factors in the construction of countermine systems in front of Russian fortifications are identified that allowed Russian miners to effectively contain French underground work until the end of the siege of the city. It is demonstrated that due to more advanced underground warfare tactics, Russian military engineers, despite the limited technical means available (especially at the initial stages of countermine construction), managed to achieve superiority over the enemy, preventing French sappers from damaging the fortifications of the defensive line on the southern side of Sevastopol.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overcoming Problems in the Development of the Metallurgical Industry to Ensure the Technological Sovereignty of Russia Considering the State of the Mineral and Raw Material Base 考虑到矿产和原材料基础的状况，克服冶金工业发展中的问题以确保俄罗斯的技术主权

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623040044

L. I. Leont’ev, O. V. Zayakin, A. I. Volkov

引用次数: 0

Documents from Registry Office Archives on the Demographic Situation in the Soviet Village during the Famine of 1932–1933 登记局档案中关于 1932-1933 年饥荒期间苏维埃村人口状况的文件

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080099

V. V. Kondrashin

引用次数: 0

The Number of Russian Troops on the Eve of the Smolensk War (1632–1634): The Enumerative List of 1630 and Compilation of the First National Estimates of Military People 斯摩棱斯克战争（1632-1634 年）前夕的俄罗斯军队人数：1630 年的统计表和第一次全国军事人口估计汇编

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080129

A. V. Malov

引用次数: 0

Gone with the Death…. HOW MANY SOVIET PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR? 消失的死亡....有多少苏联人在伟大的卫国战争中丧生？

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080130

P. M. Polian

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The Formation of a Per Capita Population Census System of the Russian Empire in the 18th Century 18 世纪俄罗斯帝国人均人口普查系统的形成

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s101933162308004x

N. D. Borshchik

{"title":"The Formation of a Per Capita Population Census System of the Russian Empire in the 18th Century","authors":"N. D. Borshchik","doi":"10.1134/s101933162308004x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s101933162308004x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A wide range of issues regarding the mechanism of state registration of subjects of the Russian Empire in the 18th century is covered. It is noted that Peter the Great’s large-scale reforms in all spheres of public life logically showed the imperfection of the then household accounting of the population of the Tsardom of Muscovy. The reasons for the transition to a per capita census of the country’s inhabitants are considered, and the evolution of census accountancy and its complication and improvement throughout the 18th century are traced. The procedure of carrying out “people’s censuses” has been studied. It is shown that the first censuses carried out in the first half of the 18th century were of a transitional nature since they contained features of household descriptions of the population of the Muscovy state. The people’s censuses of the second half of the 18th century were organized on a qualitatively new basis: the survey mechanism was simplified, and unified documentation appeared, uniform for the entire country. It is concluded that demographic information contained in census materials is of critical importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Dynamics of the Largest Cities in Eastern Siberia (1970–1979) 东西伯利亚最大城市的人口动态（1970-1979 年）

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080063

N. V. Gonina

{"title":"Population Dynamics of the Largest Cities in Eastern Siberia (1970–1979)","authors":"N. V. Gonina","doi":"10.1134/s1019331623080063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331623080063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>During the period 1970–1979, Krasnoyarsk krai and Irkutsk oblast were undergoing rapid innovative and strategic industrial development, which was a powerful incentive for urban development and the influx of a large number of young migrants from all over the country. Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk are the largest cities in Eastern Siberia and Siberian significant administrative, industrial, and transport centers, which also received an impetus for accelerated growth. However, despite the influx of financial and human resources, the population of Krasnoyarsk was increasing mainly due to natural growth, which was gradually decreasing by the end of the period under review. Irkutsk, on the contrary, owing to the influx of migrants, showed population growth. Thus, we see a reflection of the general processes of the third stage of demographic transition on local material. In addition, observable were nation-wide phenomena related to state social and demographic policies. When analyzing the annual dynamics of the population, we see that the main role in its changes was played by migration flows, which depended on the economic situation. In addition, when comparing the indicators with other major cities and with data for the country as a whole, one can identify specifics in terms of higher birthrates and lower mortality, which indicates the influence of the economic–geographical location and the local sociocultural situation on the pace and quality of the demographic transition processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Losses of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Great Patriotic War 乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国在卫国战争中的人员伤亡

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080105

G. E. Kornilov

{"title":"Human Losses of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Great Patriotic War","authors":"G. E. Kornilov","doi":"10.1134/s1019331623080105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331623080105","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Historians of Ukraine have long been debating population losses in World War II. Some of them add the losses that occurred as a result of the accession of territories to the Ukrainian SSR in 1939–1940. Others add deaths from hunger in the postwar years. The authors of the publications, with rare exceptions, present an evaluative construction of reality. There are mainly versions in scientific circulation that propose authorial expert opinions based on fragmentary, mostly uncritically comprehended sources. The heated debate, excessive politicization of the topic of Ukraine’s demographic losses, and significant variation in their assessments indicate that this problem has not been solved. The main causes of this historiographical situation are incorrectly chosen methodological approaches to assessing population losses in 1939–1945 (expansion of historical geographical boundaries (at the expense of Crimean and Zakarpattia oblasts, which were not part of the republic in the period under study and were accessioned after the war) and chronological framework) and problems with research sources. Ukrainian historians and demographers largely ignore historical documents stored in Russian federal archives. The conducted “archival reconnaissance” indicates that the calculations of the demography department of the Central Directorate of the UkSSR State Planning Committee and the Statistical Directorate of the Ukrainian SSR, compiled from the end of 1944 through 1946, are of particular scientific interest. The identified historical sources will make it possible to reliably reconstruct the dynamics and composition of the population and contribute to solving the problem of demographic losses of the Ukrainian SSR in 1941–1945 in the context of the demographic development of the Soviet Union.</p>","PeriodicalId":56335,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polish Diaspora of Kuban’: Problems of the Formation, Adaptation, and Preservation of National Identity in the Late 18th–First Third of the 20th Centuries 散居在库班的波兰人"：18 世纪末至 20 世纪前三叶民族身份的形成、适应和保护问题

IF 0.5 4区综合性期刊

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331623080117

S. A. Kropachev, A. I. Selitskii

引用次数: 0