International Journal of Speleology最新文献

Reverse pseudo-gours: a new sub-type of folia observed in the Nerja Cave (SE Spain) 反向伪窟窿：在内尔哈洞穴（西班牙东南部）观察到的一种新的叶片亚型

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.53.1.2485

Cristina Liñán Baena, C. Jiménez de Cisneros, Yolanda Del Rosal, Paolo Forti

{"title":"Reverse pseudo-gours: a new sub-type of folia observed in the Nerja Cave (SE Spain)","authors":"Cristina Liñán Baena, C. Jiménez de Cisneros, Yolanda Del Rosal, Paolo Forti","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.53.1.2485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.53.1.2485","url":null,"abstract":"A new sub-type of folia named “reverse pseudo-gour” has been observed and described in the Nerja Cave, southern Spain. It consists of fairly vertical, thin barriers (about 5 mm high and 2 mm thick) that develop on the underside of a sub-horizontal surface (shelfstone) and grow in the opposite direction to normal gours (rimstone dams), generating sinuous shapes. Their mineral composition is essentially calcium carbonate, although globular aggregates composed of clay and phosphate minerals have also been identified. The genesis and evolution of these reverse pseudo-gours occur just at the air-water interface and are controlled by (1) the sub-horizontality of the surface on which they develop, (2) scarce to very scarce calcite supersaturation, and (3) progressive and slow lowering of the water level. Thus, reverse pseudo-gours represent the shape limit to which a folia reaches when its development occurs just below a nearly horizontal ceiling and the feeding water saturation is extremely low. Although this new sub-type of folia has only been observed in the Nerja Cave, it is highly probable that it exists in several other caves around the world because the factors controlling its development are not very strict.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"177 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paleokarst coastal caves at Torricelle Hills (Lessini Mountains, Venetian Prealps, Italy) 托里塞勒山(意大利威尼斯普雷阿尔卑斯的莱西尼山脉)的古岩溶海岸洞穴

4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2462

Guido Gonzato, Enrico Borghi, Roberto Chignola, Nereo Preto, Guido Rossi

{"title":"Paleokarst coastal caves at Torricelle Hills (Lessini Mountains, Venetian Prealps, Italy)","authors":"Guido Gonzato, Enrico Borghi, Roberto Chignola, Nereo Preto, Guido Rossi","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2462","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a set of paleokarst caves at Torricelle Hills near Verona (Southern Alps, Italy.) At this locality, erosional surfaces and paleokarst cavities show that sedimentation of late Paleogene neritic limestones was interrupted by subaerial exposure. Karst features developed during a phase of marine regression that started after the early Oligocene and ended in the mid Miocene. These caves were originally completely filled by iron oxides- and hydrated oxides-rich paleosol sediments (ochre) that, for centuries, have been mined for pigments. Mining activity emptied the caves, leaving the voids and related shapes mostly intact; as a result, the original morphologies have been exhumed, making these caves a rare example of explorable paleokarst. These “ochre caves” were mapped in a series of surveys over a few years. The exploration of overall 4.5 km of accessible passages in four caves yielded a wealth of information on speleological features, stratigraphy, paleontology, and paleogeography, and here we exploit this information to infer the genesis of these unusual caves. Their evolution started in phreatic conditions, characterized by very slowly moving or still waters that led to the formation of solution facets. A vadose phase of development ensued, followed by infilling by reworked soil-derived sediment and associated paragenetic modifications. Sediment accumulation ended with the complete fossilization of the caves under epiphreatic conditions. Siliciclastic and carbonate sediments containing littoral fossils indicate that the caves developed in the vicinity of a coast, and that they were subject to marine ingression. Overall, these paleokarst coastal caves seem to be a fossilized example, well preserved and explorable, of the Carbonate Island Karst Model on larger islands. We interpret these caves as conduits that drained the freshwater lens in a spatially limited carbonate peninsula that existed in this part of the Lessini paleocoastline between the Oligocene and the Miocene.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal dynamics of karst surface dissolution based on a limestone tables experiment (Slovak karst) 基于石灰岩台面试验(斯洛伐克岩溶)的喀斯特地表溶蚀季节性动态

4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2468

Alena Gessert, Zdenko Hochmuth

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of karst surface dissolution based on a limestone tables experiment (Slovak karst)","authors":"Alena Gessert, Zdenko Hochmuth","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2468","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical denudation in karst is the basic process of karst relief formation. However, it is influenced by many factors of varying intensity that depend on the climatic conditions and characteristics of each given location. Based on measurable results of weight loss of limestone tablets, we monitored the intensity of chemical denudation in two areas of the Slovak Karst, Silica Plateau and Jasov Plateau that are situated in the most developed karst plateau region of Slovakia. Both experimental sites are similar in terms of geographical conditions, thus comparable between them. In each locality, we placed three sets of standardized tablets at a depth of 50 cm, 20 cm, and on the soil surface. The research began in December 2016 and has continued up to the end of 2021, with drying and weighing of the samples taking place each three months. The lowest weight loss was recorded on samples placed on the surface (in both sites) and the highest at the depth of 20 cm. This is due to biological activity in the soil during the growing season (2.65 - 2.82 mg/cm 2 /year). The highest weight losses over time are observed at the turn of winter and spring, where the effect of snowfall and snow melting water plays an important role. The average dissolution rate in the spring season is between 3.78 and 4.12 mg/cm 2 /year, whereas in winter is from 3.24 to 4.06 mg/cm 2 /year.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictive modeling of cave entrance locations: relationships between surface and subsurface morphology 洞穴入口位置的预测建模：地表和地下形态之间的关系

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2455

William Blitch, Adia R. Sovie, Benjamin Tobin

{"title":"Predictive modeling of cave entrance locations: relationships between surface and subsurface morphology","authors":"William Blitch, Adia R. Sovie, Benjamin Tobin","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2455","url":null,"abstract":"Cave entrances directly connect the surface and subsurface geomorphology in karst landscapes. Understanding the spatial distribution of these features can help identify areas on the landscape that are critical to flow in the karst groundwater system. Sinkholes and springs are major locations of inflow and outflow from the groundwater system, respectively, however not all sinkholes and springs are equally connected to the main conduit system. Predicting where on the landscape zones of high connectivity exist is a challenge because cave entrances are difficult to detect and imperfectly documented. Wildlife research has a similar issue of understanding the complexities of where a given species is likely to exist on a landscape given incomplete information and presence-only data. Species distribution models can address some of these issues to create accurate predictions of species or event occurrence across the landscape. Here we apply a species distribution model, MaxEnt, to predict cave entrance locations in three geomorphic regions of Kentucky. We built the models with cave locations from the Kentucky Speleological Survey database and landscape predictor variables, including distance from sinkholes, distance from springs, distance from faults, elevation, lithology, slope, and aspect. All three regional models predict cave locations well with the most important variables for predicting cave entrance locations consistent between models. Throughout all three models, sinkholes and springs had the largest influence on the likelihood of cave entrance presence. This unique use of species distribution modeling techniques shows that they are potentially valuable tools to understand spatial patterns of other landscape features that are either ephemeral or difficult to identify using standard techniques.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49101106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate of a cave laboratory representative for rock art caves in the Vézère area (south-west France) 在vsamz<e:1>地区(法国西南部)代表岩画洞穴的洞穴实验室气候

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2442

D. Lacanette, L. Bassel, F. Salmon, J. Portais, B. Bousquet, R. Chapoulie, F. Ammari, P. Malaurent, Catherine Ferrier

{"title":"Climate of a cave laboratory representative for rock art caves in the Vézère area (south-west France)","authors":"D. Lacanette, L. Bassel, F. Salmon, J. Portais, B. Bousquet, R. Chapoulie, F. Ammari, P. Malaurent, Catherine Ferrier","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.2.2442","url":null,"abstract":"Leye Cave (Dordogne, France) is a laboratory cave in the Vézère area, a region that contains some of the most famous rock art caves in the world such as Lascaux, Font-de-Gaume and Combarelles, and is listed as Human World Heritage by UNESCO. Leye Cave was selected because it is representative of painted caves, with respect to parameters such as its geological stage, the presence of water and carbon dioxide, the geological state of its walls, and the size of the cave. These wall states are studied to better understand the conditions of conservation of rock art caves without damaging them. The choice of an equivalent medium, i.e., a non-painted cave, was made to be able to conduct experiments or take measurements that would not have been possible in a rock art cave. The climatic conditions (temperature, hygrometry, etc.) monitored since 2011 are central to our understanding of the genesis and evolution of wall states. Leye Cave is sub-horizontal then descendant, forming a cold air trap. The phenomenon of condensation is thought to be important in the genesis of these wall states. Our article presents a model which describes the competition that exists between the conduction of the rock heating the air and the convection cooling the rock, in the area named the “Throne Chamber”, located in the deepest parts of the cave.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review: De Waele, J., Gutiérrez, F., 2022. Karst hydrogeology, geomorphology and caves 书评：De Waele，J.，Gutiérrez，F.，2022。岩溶水文地质、地貌和洞穴

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2459

A. Auler

引用次数: 1

Cave-dwelling crocodiles of Central Belize 伯利兹中部洞穴鳄鱼

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2470

J. Wynne, Marisa Tellez, K. Hartwell, Stevan Reneau, Gilroy Welch, Kyle D. Voyles, Michael Cal, Reynold N. Cal, Denoy Castillo, Jane Champion

{"title":"Cave-dwelling crocodiles of Central Belize","authors":"J. Wynne, Marisa Tellez, K. Hartwell, Stevan Reneau, Gilroy Welch, Kyle D. Voyles, Michael Cal, Reynold N. Cal, Denoy Castillo, Jane Champion","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2470","url":null,"abstract":"We provide the results on the first systematic effort to study cave-dwelling crocodiles in central Belize. For nearly three decades, managers at Runaway Creek Nature Reserve have frequently observed crocodile tracks and trackways in caves, while subterranean observations of crocodiles were less frequent. We surveyed five caves previously identified as crocodile habitat by wading (up to waist deep) and kayaking; we also deployed trail cameras in five of six flooded caves. Crocodiles were directly observed in two caves and trail camera footage was captured of a crocodile exiting a third cave. Given that introgression between Morelet’s Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii (A.H.A. Duméril & Bibron, 1851)) and the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807) is high throughout their sympatric range and none of the crocodiles were captured, all individuals were identified as Crocodylus acutus x C. moreletii?. Additionally, in the five caves previously identified as crocodile habitat, we identified at least 16 potential prey species including two invertebrate, four fish, one turtle, one bird, several bat, and eight non-bat mammal species via direct observation and trail cameras. Capture, examination, and stomach flushes of cave-dwelling crocodiles, as well as continued monitoring of vertebrates via trail cameras, additional prey species surveys, monitoring of cave temperatures, and developing detailed cave maps of crocodile caves are highly recommended to obtain the information to both characterize crocodile cave use and optimally manage cave resources.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42351624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

4D flow pattern of the longest cave in the Eastern Alps (Schönberg-Höhlensystem, Totes Gebirge) 东阿尔卑斯最长洞穴的4D流动模式(Schönberg-Höhlensystem, Totes Gebirge)

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2471

Lukas Plan, E. Kaminsky, P. Oberender, Clemens Tenreiter, Maximilian Wimmer

{"title":"4D flow pattern of the longest cave in the Eastern Alps (Schönberg-Höhlensystem, Totes Gebirge)","authors":"Lukas Plan, E. Kaminsky, P. Oberender, Clemens Tenreiter, Maximilian Wimmer","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2471","url":null,"abstract":"The Schönberg-Höhlensystem (SBH) is not only the longest cave system in the Eastern Alps (length 156 km, depth 1061 m), but a significant proportion of the passages have developed on or just below two surfaces that dip 1.7° to the NE. These so-called \"speleogenetic phases\" are rarely developed in caves of the Northern Calcareous Alps and have not yet been confirmed by detailed morphological mapping. Furthermore, the deep parts of the cave offer the possibility to study the active epiphreatic zone for a distance of 1.6 km. Detailed morphological mapping shows that the main level at about 1500 m a.s.l. and a second 140 m higher developed as distinct speleogenetic phases, and the dip of the planes to the NE is consistent with palaeo-flow. Isolated vadose trenches formed at saddle points are further evidence. Correlations with other caves at similar altitudes suggest an Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene age. With few exceptions, a northeastern palaeo-flow can be observed down to about 1050 m a.s.l. However, 100 m above this there appears to have been a late phase with an opposite palaeo-flow direction, and below this altitude this SW palaeo-flow direction prevails. These morphological observations allow us to propose a complex model. During low and moderate flow there is drainage to the north. During floods, a restriction in the north causes backwater and an overflow threshold to the SW is exceeded, and then most of the water flows in this direction. This observation of dual flow behaviour can help to better understand the behaviour of the karst water table and to interpret complex results from tracer experiments. The almost ubiquitous paragenetic features in the SBH are due to sediments derived from the local Upper Jurassic Radiolarite Group. For the evolution of karst plateaus in the Northern Calcareous Alps, these observations support a local and rather radial palaeo-drainage of the Totes Gebirge, as opposed to a through-flow of allogenic waters as is likely for other karst massifs.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43633547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why the delay in recognizing terrestrial obligate cave species in the tropics? 为什么在认识热带地区的陆生专性洞穴物种方面出现了延迟?

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2446

F. Howarth

{"title":"Why the delay in recognizing terrestrial obligate cave species in the tropics?","authors":"F. Howarth","doi":"10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2446","url":null,"abstract":"“Nothing could possibly live there!” They believed. Indeed, until recently, few specialized cave- adapted animals were known from volcanic, tropical, or oceanic island caves, and plausible theories had been put forward to explain their absence. But assume nothing in science! One must illuminate, explore, and survey habitats before declaring them barren. Our understanding of cave biology changed dramatically about 50 years ago following the serendipitous discovery of cave-adapted terrestrial arthropods in Brazil and on the young oceanic islands of the Galápagos and Hawai‘i. These discoveries and subsequent studies on the evolutionary ecology of cave animals have revealed a remarkable hidden fauna and created new sub- disciplines within biospeleology. Biological surveys of caves in other regions have continued to expand our understanding of the evolution, adaptation, and ecology of the subterranean biome. We now predict that, rather than being relicts trapped in caves by changing climate, many animals actively colonized caves and adapted to exploit food resources wherever there were suitable subterranean voids. The physical environment in caves can be determined with great precision because the habitat is buffered by rock. Furthermore, the bizarre adaptations displayed by obligatory cave animals are similar across many taxonomic groups. These two characteristics make caves nearly ideal natural laboratories for studying evolution and ecology. However, to the untrained researcher, caves can appear hostile and dangerous, and in fact, fieldwork in caves requires a unique marriage of athletic ability and science. In other words, cave research is exciting! In this contribution, I describe the exploration, discovery, and research in tropical caves and describe the factors that delayed the recognition of a significant tropical cave fauna.","PeriodicalId":56286,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speleology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44917011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cryogenic ridges: a new speleothem type 低温山脊：一种新的洞穴类型

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

International Journal of Speleology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5038/1827-806x.52.1.2416

B. Onac, D. Cleary, O. Dumitru, V. Polyak, I. Povară, J. Wynn, Y. Asmerom

引用次数: 0