Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science最新文献

Optimization of Stocking Density in Chukar Partridge (A. chukar) Breeder Flocks.

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2025.2488885

Halil Harman, Abdullah Bilir, Hasan Tarık Eşkİ, Mustafa Çam

{"title":"Optimization of Stocking Density in Chukar Partridge (A. chukar) Breeder Flocks.","authors":"Halil Harman, Abdullah Bilir, Hasan Tarık Eşkİ, Mustafa Çam","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2025.2488885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2025.2488885","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to determine the most appropriate stocking density in breeding partridges by considering animal welfare. For this purpose, feed consumption, egg production and quality parameters, fertility, survival rate, feather condition score, cortisol and testosterone hormones were examined. A total of 552 breeding partridges with a ratio of 3 females to 1 male were used in the study and the groups were designed as 0.25 m2, 0.19 m2, 0.15 m2 and 0.11 m2 per partridge (4 groups and 3 replicates). Increasing the stocking density had no effect on feed consumption while it negatively affected egg production. Higher stocking density had a negative effect on the feather condition score which is similar to those for egg production. A parallel decrease in feed consumption and egg production was observed with the temperature increases according to the summer months. Stocking density had no effect on egg quality parameters, fertility rate, survival rate, testosterone and cortisol. In conclusion, a larger allowed space with 0.20 m2/bird or more benefits egg production and the welfare degree of chukar partridges.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of species-relevant auditory stimuli on stress in cats exposed to novel environment. 物种相关听觉刺激对暴露于新环境的猫应激的影响。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2259803

Zhaowei Bian, Zhicong Fan, Tingting Xiao, Jiayi Yan, Ruiti Ren, Suijun Xu, Baichuan Deng, Lingna Zhang

{"title":"Effects of species-relevant auditory stimuli on stress in cats exposed to novel environment.","authors":"Zhaowei Bian, Zhicong Fan, Tingting Xiao, Jiayi Yan, Ruiti Ren, Suijun Xu, Baichuan Deng, Lingna Zhang","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2259803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2259803","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental changes like vet visit could cause stress in cats. Studies have attempted to develop stress management strategies targeting sensory systems. Even though species-appropriate music which includes cat affiliative sound (e.g., cats' purring and suckling sound) has been shown to relieve stress in cats. Little is known whether the cat sound alone works in stress management. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of species-relevant auditory stimuli on stress in cats exposed to a novel environment. During the 28-day experiment periods, 20 cats received four types of sound treatments which included silence (T1), purr of cats (T2), eating sound in cats (T3), and the mixed sound of T2 and T3 (T4) in a novel environment in random orders with intervals of 1 week between treatments. Cats' behaviors were recorded during each 10-min test. Results showed that T4 reduced visual scanning (P = 0.017) without significantly affecting other behaviors, compared with other treatments. Together, the two types of cat-specific sounds did not exert pronounced effects of relieving stress on cats exposed to a novel environment.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"318-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Native Lithuanian Horses for Therapeutic Riding Purposes. 评估用于治疗性骑术的立陶宛本地马匹。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677

V Ribikauskas, J Kreizaitė, J Morkūnaitė, D R Arney, J Kučinskienė

{"title":"Assessment of Native Lithuanian Horses for Therapeutic Riding Purposes.","authors":"V Ribikauskas, J Kreizaitė, J Morkūnaitė, D R Arney, J Kučinskienė","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2024.2303677","url":null,"abstract":"Hippotherapy is considered as a beneficial field of activity for Žemaitukas, a Lithuanian native horse breed. The aim of this study is to analyze the suitability of Žemaitukas breed horses for hippotherapy by using a set of tests based on the temperament, behavioral reactions, and zoometric measurements. Results of these tests inform whether the future use of Lithuanian native horses in hippotherapy can ensure their welfare. In total, 32 horses were evaluated. Twenty-nine of the evaluated horses were horses of the Žemaitukas breed that had never been used for hippotherapy, the others were hippotherapy horses representing different breeds, which were considered the control group. As expected, control hippotherapy horses scored better in many tests, thus confirming the suitability of these tests for the evaluation of horses for hippotrapeutic use. Žemaitukas breed horses scored an average of 15.9% less points for the test of temperament and 21.3% less points for \"Hippo-test\" compared with the hippotherapy horses. Nevertheless, the results suggest that Žemaitukas breed horses could be used in hippotherapy after special training courses.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"344-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of mechanical vs. manual catching on stress, fear, and carcass quality in slower growing broilers. 机械与人工捕获对慢生长肉鸡应激、恐惧和胴体质量的影响。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2254226

Kristofer C Smith, Meghann K Pierdon

{"title":"Impact of mechanical vs. manual catching on stress, fear, and carcass quality in slower growing broilers.","authors":"Kristofer C Smith, Meghann K Pierdon","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2254226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2254226","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated manual and mechanical catching methods on slower growing broiler chickens on the day of processing. Ten catching events, five mechanical and five manual, were evaluated for animal welfare and an additional set of 241 catches, 128 manual and 113 machine, were analyzed to determine the effect on carcass quality. No significant difference in serum corticosterone concentration (CORT) was found between the catching methods (p = 0.9). Pre-catching CORT (15.07 ± 2.24) was significantly lower than post-catching (25.41 ± 2.22) (p < 0.001). Manually caught broilers had four times greater odds of tonic immobility (TI) than mechanically caught birds (OR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.54-10.54) (p < 0.001). Birds also had 77% lower odds of TI before being caught than after, irrespective of catching method. Manually caught birds had 19% greater risk of bruised wings (p < 0.05) and 23% greater risk of bruised legs (p < 0.05). Lower odds of TI and decreased risk of injury in the machine caught birds indicate improved welfare and carcass quality compared with manual catching. Overall, machine catching was found to improve welfare and carcass quality in these slower growing broilers.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10127103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A mixed-method analysis of the consistency of intake information reported by shelter staff upon owner surrender of dogs. 混合方法分析收容所工作人员在主人交出狗时报告的收容信息的一致性。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2250254

Lexis H Ly, Alexandra Protopopova

{"title":"A mixed-method analysis of the consistency of intake information reported by shelter staff upon owner surrender of dogs.","authors":"Lexis H Ly, Alexandra Protopopova","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2250254","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2250254","url":null,"abstract":"Data collected by animal shelters can provide an overview of population numbers and recommendations for shelter management and community programming. While studies utilize data from shelter software, questions remain on whether such data are reliable. The objective of the online experiment was to determine the agreement in data input for surrender reason, breed, and color across shelter staff (n = 81) when presented with four complex narratives of fictional owners surrendering dogs. Additionally, we aimed to understand how staff select surrender reasons for data input through qualitative analysis. Out of 40 possible surrender reasons, the number of unique reasons selected for each scenario ranged from 12-16, suggesting a variety of possible data entries for the same surrender narrative. Agreement was also low for breed and color. Shelter staff described a variety of different methods of determining the surrender reason for input into shelter software, such as asking the owner for their most influential reason or inferring the underlying reason. Further research is required to understand how animal shelter data can be collected consistently in a way that can meaningfully inform shelter management decisions.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"259-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A pilot study into the effects of PTSD-assistance dogs' work on their salivary cortisol levels and their handlers' Quality of life. 一项关于创伤后应激障碍辅助犬工作对其唾液皮质醇水平和主人生活质量影响的试点研究。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2259795

Karoline Gerwisch, Karl Weissenbacher, Michelle Proyer, Rupert Palme, Ludwig Huber

{"title":"A pilot study into the effects of PTSD-assistance dogs' work on their salivary cortisol levels and their handlers' Quality of life.","authors":"Karoline Gerwisch, Karl Weissenbacher, Michelle Proyer, Rupert Palme, Ludwig Huber","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2259795","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2259795","url":null,"abstract":"Assistance dogs for people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) support their handlers by performing tasks that are supposed to mitigate the effects of their mental disability. This study examined the Quality of Life (QoL) of PTSD-assistance dogs' handlers in Austria and Germany using a qualitative online questionnaire based on the Capability Approach. To correspondingly explore whether the involved assistance dogs experience distress triggered by their daily schedules, we measured their salivary cortisol values. These were compared to the cortisol levels of companion dogs without special tasks, as well as diabetic-signal dogs that have a similar workload. Our results showed that people suffering from PTSD-symptoms can improve their QoL with the aid of their assistance dog. However, being accompanied by an assistance dog creates new social barriers. Surprisingly, we found significantly lower salivary cortisol levels in PTSD-assistance dogs compared to the control groups. We conclude that a positive relationship between PTSD-assistance dogs and their handlers can reduce stress on both sides, and that training well tuned to the requirements of an assistance dog can prevent stress in their daily lives.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"288-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health evaluation of street dogs in Guarapuava, Brazil. 巴西瓜拉普瓦市流浪狗的健康评价。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2243218

Kamila Líbano de Souza, Karine Cristine Almeida, Danielle Louisy Bahia Dos Santos, Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Letícia Santos Balbino, Lucas Ferreira da Costa Furlan, Marina Szychta, Marcela Calciolari Branquinho, Margarete Kimie Falbo

{"title":"Health evaluation of street dogs in Guarapuava, Brazil.","authors":"Kamila Líbano de Souza, Karine Cristine Almeida, Danielle Louisy Bahia Dos Santos, Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira, Italmar Teodorico Navarro, Letícia Santos Balbino, Lucas Ferreira da Costa Furlan, Marina Szychta, Marcela Calciolari Branquinho, Margarete Kimie Falbo","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2243218","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2243218","url":null,"abstract":"Free-roaming dogs are removed from the street by the Municipal Animal Control division/shelter and NGOs to safeguard public health as well as to prevent any suffering dogs may face and to find them homes. However, adoption rates are low and there is a lack of public programs aimed at humane control causing increased numbers of street dogs and overcrowding in shelters, compromising health and welfare. We aimed to evaluate the health of dogs from municipal shelters and independent shelters, and community dogs in the city of Guarapuava through clinical examination and complete blood cell count tests. The main changes found in the clinical examination of 297 dogs were hyperthermia in 4.0%, tachypnea in 20.5%, ocular and oral mucosa hypocorada in 6.4%, and ectoparasite infestation in 42.7%. Changes found in the erythrogram were anemia in 15.1% and polycythemia in 3.4%. In the platelet count, thrombocytopenia was found in 10.1% and thrombocytosis in 10.4%. On the leukogram, leukocytosis was observed in 14.8% and leukopenia in 3%. The results reveal the compromised health of some animals, requiring better diagnostic investigation, since certain clinical and complete blood cell count alterations may be caused by zoonotic agents that can endanger human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10309371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Measuring Social Attention Lead to Changes in Behavior? A Preliminary Investigation into the Implications of Attention Bias Trials on Behavior in Rhesus Macaques.

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2025.2486351

Emmeline Howarth, Claire Witham, Emily Bethell

{"title":"Does Measuring Social Attention Lead to Changes in Behavior? A Preliminary Investigation into the Implications of Attention Bias Trials on Behavior in Rhesus Macaques.","authors":"Emmeline Howarth, Claire Witham, Emily Bethell","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2025.2486351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2025.2486351","url":null,"abstract":"A welfare assessment tool in development must satisfy several criteria before it is considered ready for general use. Some tools that meet many of these criteria have been criticized for their negative effect on welfare. We conducted a preliminary assessment of the impact of attention bias (AB) trials using threat-neutral conspecific face pairs followed by presumed neutral-positive filler stimuli on the behavior of 21 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; 15 female). Behavioral observations were conducted following AB trials and repeated two weeks later when no AB trials had occurred (no trial: NT). The association between observation period and behavior was assessed using linear mixed-effects models in R. Trials did not impact any observed behavior except for fear, which was displayed by five monkeys over six trials (four NT). For this sample, there was a significant reduction in fear behavior following AB trials. We, therefore, found no evidence suggesting that AB trials negatively affect behaviour. AB protocols may be suitable for continued development for primate welfare assessment and we encourage researchers to include assessing test impact on welfare in their AB protocols.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of proximity loggers to Estimate Affiliative and Agonistic Relationships among Group-housed Holstein calves. 使用接近记录器来估计群体饲养的荷斯坦小牛之间的隶属关系和拮抗关系。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2250262

Yehoshav A Ben Meir, Fernando Garcia, Miri Cohen-Zinder, Ariel Shabtay

{"title":"Use of proximity loggers to Estimate Affiliative and Agonistic Relationships among Group-housed Holstein calves.","authors":"Yehoshav A Ben Meir, Fernando Garcia, Miri Cohen-Zinder, Ariel Shabtay","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2250262","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2250262","url":null,"abstract":"We used proximity loggers to map the social network of 15 group-housed suckling Holstein calves over a 70-day period divided into five trial periods. Tag ID, encountered tag ID, and encounter start time and length were collected from the proximity loggers. Use of 3D matrices and trendlines distinguished three encounter types: \"rapid decline\" (up to ~ 120 s), \"moderate decline\" (~120 to ~ 600 s), and \"exponential decline\" (longer than ~ 600 s). We hypothesized that a random encounter between two calves with an agonistic relationship would terminate quickly, whereas affiliative encounters would linger. Quadratic assignment with 5000 random permutations revealed a significant negative correlation between short encounters (\"agonistic\") and long encounters (\"affiliative\") matrices in periods 1 and 5 (r = -0.490 and -0.767, respectively), tendency toward negative correlation in period 3 (r = -0.141, p = 0.104), and no significant correlations in periods 2 and 4. These results were in accordance with the social network analyses revealing agonistic (short encounters) relationships in those periods. We suggest using this method in further studies on the effects of various factors on social network dynamics and its effect on health, intake, growth, and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"209-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10056291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field Based Assessment of Clinical Signs of Irreversible Loss of Consciousness and Death Confirmed by Brain Destruction in Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) After Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning or Electrostunning with Probe Pithing. 幼美洲鳄(短吻鳄)在刺穿非固定栓击或探针穿刺电击后脑损伤证实的不可逆意识丧失和死亡的临床症状的现场评估。

IF 1.4 3区农林科学

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2236550

M Flint, K Sagrera, K Wainwright, J B Flint

{"title":"Field Based Assessment of Clinical Signs of Irreversible Loss of Consciousness and Death Confirmed by Brain Destruction in Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) After Penetrating Captive Bolt Stunning or Electrostunning with Probe Pithing.","authors":"M Flint, K Sagrera, K Wainwright, J B Flint","doi":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2236550","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10888705.2023.2236550","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the humane use of slaughter methods we examined the clinical signs of life in 61 American alligators harvested on-farm using one of three methods: (i) captive bolt and spinal cord severance; (ii) electrostunning, spinal cord severance and pithing; and (iii) spinal cord severance and pithing. Loss of consciousness and the six clinical signs of life that can be used on-farm were assessed for evidence of irreversible unconsciousness and death at Time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min post slaughter. The brains of alligators from each slaughter method were removed to assess brain tissue disruption. A combination of loss of blink reflex, pupillary light response, jaw tone and respiration are a reliable on-farm tool for determining death. Heartbeat and withdrawal reflex persisted. Captive bolt and electrostunning methods were effective in immediately producing loss of response consistent with irreversible unconsciousness, subsequent death and destruction of neural tissue integrity in the mid and hind brain. They are therefore humane forms of slaughter in American alligators.","PeriodicalId":56277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","volume":" ","pages":"197-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0