{"title":"Methodological Challenges in Estimating the Lifetime Medical Care Cost Externality of Obesity.","authors":"Robert C Schell, David R Just, David A Levitsky","doi":"10.1017/bca.2021.6","DOIUrl":"10.1017/bca.2021.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a great deal of variability in estimates of the lifetime medical care cost externality of obesity, partly due to a lack of transparency in the methodology behind these cost models. Several important factors must be considered in producing the best possible estimate, including age-related weight gain, differential life expectancy, identifiability, and cost model selection. In particular, age-related weight gain represents an important new component to recent cost estimates. Without accounting for age-related weight gain, a study relies on the untenable assumption that people remain the same weight throughout their lives, leading to a fundamental misunderstanding of the evolution and development of the obesity crisis. This study seeks to inform future researchers on the best methods and data available both to estimate age-related weight gain and to accurately and consistently estimate obesity's lifetime external medical care costs. This should help both to create a more standardized approach to cost estimation as well as encourage more transparency between all parties interested in the question of obesity's lifetime cost and, ultimately, evaluating the benefits and costs of interventions targeting obesity at various points in the life course.</p>","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"441-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9004795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74368236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The delegitimisation of smoking in Denmark and the US","authors":"Rasmus Tyge Haarløv, Theresa Scavenius","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-26-1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-26-1-002","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco smoke continues to be one of the largest causes of premature deaths on a global level. Denmark and the United States of America (US), however, represent two examples of successful transition, where the number of daily smokers has decreased significantly throughout the past 70 years. In this paper, we point out key institutional and moral entrepreneurs that paved the way for transition of the Danish and US smoking regimes. The paper investigates proponents as well as opponents of (progressive) anti-smoking legislation. We apply the theory of institutional and moral entrepreneurs to select important events and actors. In the two countries that we study in detail, Denmark and the US, we find different drivers of change: the court system in the US and institutional and moral entrepreneurs in Danish civil society. In both countries, however, the Parliament in Denmark and the Congress in the US played significant roles in maintaining and supporting the smoking regimes.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison of Ranking Criteria: an Application to Asset Class Indices of Europe, US, Russia and China","authors":"P. Stucchi, Alice Spangaro","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-23-1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-23-1-001","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this work is the ex post comparison of the performances of three macro asset class indices for Europe, United States, Russia and China during the period 2003-2015. The analysis is based on six different ranking criteria, starting with the well-known Sharpe index and its VaR and CVaR modifications, then considering the Omega and Sortino ratios which employ higher partial moments, and at last the Rachev ratio which changes the profitability index. All the previous performance indices give substantially the same ranking; they all show supremacy of Chinese fixed income and both European and American real estate in the years 2003-2008; they indicate US and European stock indices as the worst performers in 2008, and American, Russian and Chinese fixed income indices from 2012 to 2015 again as the worst performers. A visual display of the six different rankings is also provided, highlighting the adequacy of the Sharpe ratio against its more refined alternatives.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Identitarian Re-Interpretations of Italians from Istria","authors":"Laura Bergnach, A. Pocecco","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-22-2-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-22-2-004","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the dynamics of the Istrian peoples’ identitarian process2.The two social groups of “who remained” and “who left” - historical consequences of the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus - are the object of our analysis. The underlying theme focuses to the evolution of identity, according to two different contexts, Istrian territorial roots and territorial dispersion. The reasoning steps, critical thinking and the deepening of analysis develop around the concept of Italian-ness, proceeding with complementary approaches. The first thanks to an elaboration of the collective memory and of the collective identity, going to re-interpret the findings from two studies about those who left and those who remained; the second one, with a perspective reconstruction by the examination of the secondary sources, of texts by writers and of several informal interviews. We have been led to see the changes that affect the identity of the individuals, or the groups, concerned and to wonder about the nature of the sense of continuity with which these changes are experienced. The result, in particular, allows for invalidating the idea of the identitarian definition rooted in a nostalgic memory of the lost homeland, in the case of dispersed Istrian peoples; while in the Italians who remained, the idea of an unproblematic experience of the commonality, groupness and cohesion in redefining boundary crossing and the development of networks in the new national configuration(s).","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"49-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qaiser Munir, Kok Sook Ching, F. Furuoka, Hanafiah Harvey
{"title":"Testing for unemployment hysteresis in selected transition economies","authors":"Qaiser Munir, Kok Sook Ching, F. Furuoka, Hanafiah Harvey","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-007","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment using panel data of 11 Asian countries covering the period 1980-2012. We employ the second generation panel unit root tests recently advanced by Smith et al. (2004). These tests have an advantage as they are able to exploit the cross-section variations of the series. This study provides strong empirical evidence against the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment for the Asian countries. Finding shows that the unemployment rates of these countries have a tendency for meanreverting. As such, an increase in the unemployment rates is most likely only temporary. Hence, policy makers may not require short-run policies to curb the problem of rising unemployment. Instead, they may consider to pursue long-run strategies for strengthening the fundamental of the domestic labour markets. More importantly, the finding suggests that these countries will benefit from having a wider choice of fiscal and monetary policies as the polices may not result in the long-run negative impact on the unemployment rates.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"103-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Banking Industry in Morocco","authors":"Demeh Daradkah, S. Miani","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to shed some lights and document the activity of the banking industry in Morocco and to highlight areas where problem arises during the period from 2007-2012, by examining the structure, and performance of the Moroccan banking industry as a whole. It was found that the outlook for the Moroccan banking sector is positive, where total banks’ assets reached a balance of Moroccan Dirhaim 1,040,648,449, presenting 126 percent of Gross Domestic Product at current prices at the end of 2012. On the other hand, there are still a lot of opportunities in the industry, such as retail segment, lending to SME’s and the Islamic banking segment.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NATURAL RESOURCES: COULD EVER BE A BLESSING? THE RUSSIAN CASE","authors":"Giovanni Covi","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-009","url":null,"abstract":"The debate on the best way to achieve economic development for a country rich of natural resources has been a matter of discussion and disagreements. In this paper a possible solution has been provided. Through a case study an in - depth analysis on the Russian economy will prove that a unique reliance on a single sector - energy sector - is a twofold mistake. The Dutch Disease model developed by Corden and Neary as well as the Gabaix’s theory of Granular Origins of Aggregate Fluctuations will dig into the Russian economic structure in order to develop a complete and a complementary perspective. The main results of the paper state that the long - term consequences of this strategy outweigh the initial achieved economic improvements. The natural resource curse is a real economic problem and it is only a matter of time before the concealed symptoms display and spread throughout the whole industrial organization of the country damaging inexorably the manufacturing sector - the real source for a stable and sustainable economic development.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"133-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging Economies and Large Land Investments","authors":"M. B. Zolin, M. Braggion","doi":"10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14665/1614-4007-22-1-002","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2008, and following dramatic increases in prices, international commodities markets systems have begun changing after decades of relative indifference. The reasons for high, volatile food prices are manifold and widely analyzed by the abundance of literature on the subject, that deals essentially with imbalances in demand and supply. On the global demand for food, a factor with a huge impact, is the change in diet, especially in emerging countries where, an increase of per capita income corresponds to an increase in the demand for animal-based foods. As the demand for food increases, demand for land increases and pushes prices up, thus fuelling speculation that mainly affects countries where land prices are lower. The paper aims to highlight the behaviour of China and India –which are among the most important emerging countries in terms of economic growth, concentration of population and surface area – with regard to the large-scaleland investment phenomenon. We have aimed to identify those macroeconomic indicators (such as biofuels production, food price index, GDP per capita, cereals production and crude oil prices, usually referred to in order to explain the trend) which best exemplify how they can affect the two countries analyzed in the rush for land. The paper is divided into sections. Following a brief presentation of adopted methodology, an overall picture is presented of agriculture, renewable energy and land investment in China and India and, by means of a correlation matrix, the impact that some macroeconomic variables have on the phenomenon have been described.","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"384 1","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66798116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Governance and Enterprise Restructuring: The Case of Macedonia","authors":"M. Apostolov","doi":"10.1007/S11300-011-0203-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/S11300-011-0203-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56184,"journal":{"name":"Transition Studies Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/S11300-011-0203-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52755102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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