Journal of Volcanology and Seismology最新文献

{"title":"Eruptive Products from the Bezymianny Volcano Eruption of April 7, 2023","authors":"V. O. Davydova,&nbsp;R. A. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;O. V. Dirksen,&nbsp;D. V. Melnikov,&nbsp;A. B. Ermolinskiy,&nbsp;V. O. Yapaskurt","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700763","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700763","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have obtained the first data on the chemical composition of the eruptive materials from the explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano on April 7, 2023. Our unique collection includes freshly sampled pumice lapilli from the eruption and juvenile blocks from pyroclastic flows. We have identified interesting patterns in both macro components and specific chalcophile elements, such as copper. The rocks we studied belong to medium-K two-pyroxene basaltic andesite (55.5‒57 wt % SiO₂), with mafic enclaves characterized by a slightly more primitive composition (53.7 wt % SiO₂). According to mineral geothermometry data, the phenocrysts of basaltic andesite crystallized at temperatures in the range from 940 to 960°C, while the formation of phenocryst rims and microlites occurred at 980°C, which corresponds to conditions immediately before the eruption. The composition of volcanic glass allows us to estimate the pressure at which the magma reached the last equilibrium with crystallizing phases before eruption (0.5‒0.6 kbar). Based on these findings, we have formulated hypotheses about the potential evolution of the shallow magma chamber of Bezymianny volcano during the period from 2017 to 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 5","pages":"418 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodynamic Specifics in the Formation of Ultra-High-K Ignimbrites in Armenia","authors":"A. M. Kurchavov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700726","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700726","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The northwestern part of the Sevan–Shirak structural formation zone of the Lesser Caucasus contains ultra-high-K siliceous ignimbrites dating back to the Late Eocene–start of Early Oligocene (?), which associate with high-K volcanics of the calc-alkaline and shoshonite series. During Eocene–Oligocene time the Sevan–Shirak zone was an ensialic island arc with a Hercynian metamorphic basement. The formation of high-K and especially ultra-high-K rocks was due to the effects of mantle fluids on the continental crust.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 5","pages":"459 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Characteristic Electrostatic Structure of Eruptive Plumes Emitted by Large Explosive Eruptions of Shiveluch and Bezymianny Volcanoes, Kamchatka","authors":"R. R. Akbashev,&nbsp;E. I. Malkin,&nbsp;N. V. Cherneva","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700672","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents an analysis of recorded variations (anomalies) in the potential gradient of electrical field in the atmosphere caused by the propagation of eruption plumes discharged by eruptions of Shiveluch and Bezymianny volcanoes in Kamchatka. The anomalies were recorded at various distances from eruption centers and under different conditions of atmospheric stratification. These conditions have enabled us to show that the eruption plumes of Shiveluch and Bezymianny possessed a 3D electrostatic structure that is consistent with a known phenomenological model derived on the basis of surveys conducted on various volcanoes worldwide. According to this model, the top of an eruption plume contains a positive volumetric electrostatic charge, while the respective charges are negative in the middle, and positive in the lower part of the plume.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"323 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations of Displacement Fields and Seismicity in the Mountainous Altai","authors":"V. Yu. Timofeev,&nbsp;D. G. Ardyukov,&nbsp;A. V. Timofeev","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700659","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700659","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The period of more than twenty years in which recent movements in the Mountainous Altai were measured by methods of satellite geodesy includes various phases of the seismic process. A network consisting of 20 observing stations extends over a large area from Novosibirsk City in the north to the Mongolian border in the south, from the border with Kazakhstan in the west to the Sayan Mountains in the east. The Chuya earthquake of September 2003 divides, in a natural manner, the period of observation from 2000 to 2022 into several phases: the preseismic (2000‒2003), the coseismic (2003‒2004), the postseismic phase for the epicentral area of the Chuya earthquake (2004‒2013), and the interseismic phase for the other regions of the Mountainous Altai that have not been seriously affected by the earthquake (2000‒2022). The data supplied by multiyear measurements were analyzed using special programs of the most recent modifications. We have identified conspicuous features in the displacement fields during each phase: anomalous displacement rates before the Chuya earthquake, the coseismic displacements during the earthquake, postseismic effects in the epicentral zone, and slow tectonic movements. Our interpretation relied on 2D and 3D elastic and viscoelastic models of the crust. The depth of focus has been determined (14 km), as well as the two-meter relative right lateral displacement jump on the seismic fault. With a two-layered model, we obtained the value of viscosity in the lower crust for a variety of elastic modulus values η = 5 × 10¹⁹‒1.1 × 10²⁰ Pa s. The recent movements in that part of the Mountainous Altai which has not been affected by the Chuya earthquake were 0.8 mm/yr toward NNW. The rate of surface deformation in the southern mountainous part reached 2 × 10^–8/yr in the epoch 2000‒2022, which is an order of magnitude higher than that in the northern flat part of the area of study.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"351 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory and Numerical Modeling of a Lava Flow Analogue: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Mahsa Bokharaeian,&nbsp; Árpád Csámer","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700623","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700623","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Volcanic eruptions can bring about lava flows, posing significant hazards and rare direct threats to human life, but they can also cause extensive damage to property and economic activities. Managing volcanic disasters demands swift and accurate information on the behaviour and evolution of lava flows, particularly regarding their extension, displacement, and trajectory. This study addresses numerical and laboratory modelling to understand the dynamics of a lava flow and its frontal advancement. Laboratory experiments of a lava flow analogue, exhibiting a non-Newtonian Herschel–Bulkley fluid behaviour, have been conducted. The fluid parameters at varying temperatures have been determined on the basis of the rheometer and thermal camera measurements. A flow of the Herschel–Bulkley fluid (the lava flow analogue with the fluid parameters determined from the laboratory experiments) is then simulated numerically using the Abaqus software, where a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method has been implemented. A run-out distance, frontal flow displacement, and flow velocity have been determined during laboratory and numerical modelling. When the fluid parameters measured at a constant temperature of 80°C are used, the numerical results diverge from the experimental results over time. To mimic closely the dynamics of the lava flow analogue inferred from the laboratory experiment with its dynamics in the numerical modelling, time-dependent adjustments to the Herschel–Bulkley fluid parameters determined at lower temperatures have been introduced by changing their values during a numerical simulation. This study underscores the importance of constraining parameters of numerical models by the values obtained from laboratory measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"397 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The South Churubash Settlement, Eastern Crimea: Earthquake-Induced Gravitational and Inertial Deformations","authors":"V. N. Zinko,&nbsp;A. M. Korzhenkov,&nbsp;A. N. Ovsyuchenko,&nbsp;D. E. Edemsky,&nbsp;A. S. Larkov,&nbsp;A. I. Sysolin","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700647","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports comprehensive research (archeological, archaeo- and paleo-seismological, as well as georadar profiling), which enabled us to find out the cause of destruction for the South Churubash settlement (a big manor in the chora around the town of Nymphaion) in eastern Crimea. A strong seismic event whose possible rupture went along the southwestern boundary of the Churubash Liman, which is a segment of the Parpach–Taman active fault, led to the formation of landslide bodies southwest of the rupture. The nearly north–south plane of scar for one of these has traversed the ancient settlement through its middle, having produced a visible flexure in the juvenile soil of this archeological monument—an earthquake-induced gravitational deformation. Large seismic slip at the fault plane had destroyed all structures and led to large deformations in the lower rows of the masonry: tilts, shifts, and rotations of parts of the walls—earthquake-induced inertial deformations. Considering that the earthquake rupture was nearby, and that all houses have been destroyed in the settlement, we hypothesize that the manor was caught in the epicentral zone of an ancient earthquake where the intensity of seismic motion was at least Io ≥ IX. Judging by the findings of amphorae brands, black glazed pottery, as well as of a Bosporus coin, this large manor in the chora of Nymphaion came to the end of its existence owing to a strong earthquake and a fire in the beginning of the fourth quarter of the 4th century BC. We may have previously observed traces of this earthquake in Nymphaion: as an example, the structures of Nymphaion dating back to the 5th—4th centuries BC had been completely or partly destroyed. Further surveys of active geological structures and archeological monuments would enable a more accurate parameterization of the seismic event identified in this study, which would serve the purpose of a more accurate assessment of earthquake hazard for the Crimean Peninsula.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"366 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryoseismology of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago—the Beginning of Permanent Monitoring","authors":"G. N. Antonovskaya,&nbsp;Ya. V. Konechnaya,&nbsp;N. K. Kapustian,&nbsp;E. R. Morozova","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700635","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the first results from the monitoring of local seismicity in Severnaya Zemlya from the end of 2016 to 2023 inclusive as recorded by a single permanent seismic station installed on Bolshevik Island. A total of 73 local seismic events have been identified with P and S phases. We considered the question whether these events could be classified (earthquakes or icequakes) by comparing waveforms and spectral-temporal analysis diagrams with regional earthquakes that have occurred in the archipelago area. The spatio-temporal distribution and the rate of migration for the events show that glacial events can arise by stress release in glaciers as shallow crustal earthquakes occur within ~30 km. It is shown that, when a seismograph network is difficult to deploy, even a single permanent seismic station can furnish useful information on glacial events and crustal earthquakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"383 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ash Discharged by Sheveluch Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) in April 2023 As a Source of Water-Soluble Salts","authors":"A. V. Sergeeva,&nbsp;O. A. Girina,&nbsp;M. A. Nazarova,&nbsp;E. V. Kartasheva,&nbsp;L. A. Pozolotina,&nbsp;A. A. Kuzmina,&nbsp;E. Yu. Plutakhina","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700684","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper considers the propagation of ash during the paroxysmal eruption of Sheveluch Volcano which occurred April 10–13, 2023, and its impact on the water resources of the affected area. We characterize ash thicknesses at various population centers and describe the grain-size composition of the ash. We show that the propagation of ash plumes is primarily driven by the eruption dynamics, but atmospheric circulation actually controls the spatial distribution of deposit thickness. The water-soluble salts contained in the ash and the dynamics of their washing out under natural conditions have been determined. The water-soluble part of fresh ash is dominated by calcium and magnesium sulfates, sodium chloride, with minor amounts of chlorides and fluorides of aluminum, potassium, and ammonium. The first substances to be washed out from ashes are well-soluble chlorides, to be followed by sulfates. As time goes on, the total concentration of soluble salts is decreasing, and their qualitative composition changes: hydrogen carbonates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium begin to dominate. Several months after the eruption, the impact of the ashfall on water resources of the settlements, including open springs at the ground surface, was leveled out.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"307 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142212691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2005–2022 Variations in the Slope of the Recurrence Curve in the Tonga Subduction Zone","authors":"A. A. Shakirova,&nbsp;V. A. Saltykov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700660","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone lies between the Pacific and Australian plates. The location shows the highest rate of subduction for the Pacific plate and a dominant tension. Two great earthquakes occurred in the region in 2006 and 2009 whose magnitudes were <i>M</i>_w = 8.0 and 8.1. There are about 170 islands around the Tonga subduction zone; these islands are volcanic centers that have been regularly in eruption during the last several decades. The present study presents the results from the determination of time-dependent variations in the slope of the recurrence curve (the <i>b</i>-value) at the Tonga subduction zone during 2005–2022, and depth-dependent variations in <i>b</i>. The time-dependent variations in <i>b</i> reflect the general tendency of great earthquakes occurring upon the background of lower <i>b</i>-values in the surface layer only, at depths of 0–100 km. The comparison between the depth-dependent variations in <i>b</i> and the tectonic model for the Toga subduction zone implies the hypothesis that lower <i>b</i>-values may reflect greater stresses in the upper part of the plunging plate due to its bending. Higher <i>b</i>-values seem to be connected to tensional mechanisms. A region of higher <i>b</i>-values at depths of 90–100 km has been identified for the Tonga subduction zone, as well as for other subduction zones, which can be related to the presence of a magmatic front at these depths, which is related to active volcanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 4","pages":"340 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Flow in Continental Rift Zones: A New Approach to Data Interpretation","authors":"M. D. Khutorskoy,&nbsp;E. A. Teveleva","doi":"10.1134/S0742046324700581","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046324700581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is concerned with the distribution of heat flow in the Baikal Rift Zone, the Shanxi-Liaohe Rift, the Jordan Rift, and in the Orly (Storoya) Trough in the northern Svalbard plate, as well as in the rift zone of Iceland. One notes an asymmetry in heat flow about the rift axial line compared with adjacent areas upon the background of its higher value. The origin of this asymmetry is due, not only to differences in the permeability of the faults in the sides of the rift structure, but also to planet-wide factors, in particular, the Coriolis force. The north–south rift structures considered here are situated in the northern hemisphere; their eastern flanksshow increased heat flow compared with the western flanks, and this is in agreement with the Coriolis force vector in the Earth’s northern hemisphere. The geothermal asymmetry in oceanic crustal divergent zones as noted previously is also seen in pull-apart structures of continental rift zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"18 3","pages":"236 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}