Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Neurological Impairment and Recovery Using Statistical Models of Neurologically Healthy Behavior.","authors":"Stephen H Scott,&nbsp;Catherine R Lowrey,&nbsp;Ian E Brown,&nbsp;Sean P Dukelow","doi":"10.1177/15459683221115413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683221115413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While many areas of medicine have benefited from the development of objective assessment tools and biomarkers, there have been comparatively few improvements in techniques used to assess brain function and dysfunction. Brain functions such as perception, cognition, and motor control are commonly measured using criteria-based, ordinal scales which can be coarse, have floor/ceiling effects, and often lack the precision to detect change. There is growing recognition that kinematic and kinetic-based measures are needed to quantify impairments following neurological injury such as stroke, in particular for clinical research and clinical trials. This paper will first consider the challenges with using criteria-based ordinal scales to quantify impairment and recovery. We then describe how kinematic-based measures can overcome many of these challenges and highlight a statistical approach to quantify kinematic measures of behavior based on performance of neurologically healthy individuals. We illustrate this approach with a visually-guided reaching task to highlight measures of impairment for individuals following stroke. Finally, there has been considerable controversy about the calculation of motor recovery following stroke. Here, we highlight how our statistical-based approach can provide an effective estimate of impairment and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 6","pages":"394-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1d/93/10.1177_15459683221115413.PMC10315872.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9749119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2022 MR3 Network Scientific Retreat Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15459683231167041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231167041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 1","pages":"3S - 13S"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47537619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Stroke Recovery Scientific Conference 2023 Abstracts.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15459683231163223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231163223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rehabilitation is critical for reducing strokerelated disability and improving quality-of-life post-stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, shows a beneficial effect for motor recovery in a subgroup of stroke patients. The Canadian Platform for Trials in Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (CanStim) seeks to advance the use of neuromodulation techniques to improve post-stroke recovery through clinical trials and pre-clinical studies using standardized research protocols. Here, we review existing clinical trials of stroke recovery to identify demographic, clinical, and neurobiological factors that help to predict individual rTMS treatment response in stroke patients with motor deficits to develop research perspectives for pre-clinical and clinical studies. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, using the Boolean search terms ‘stroke’, ‘repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation’ and ‘motor’ for studies investigating the use of rTMS for motor recovery in stroke patients at any recovery phase. A total of 1,676 articles were screened by two blinded raters, with 26 papers identified for inclusion in this review. Results: Multiple possible factors associated with rTMS response were identified, including stroke location, cortical thickness, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genotype, initial stroke severity, and several imaging and clinical factors associated with a relatively preserved functional motor network of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Age, sex, and time post-stroke were generally not related to rTMS response. Factors associated with greater response were identified in studies of both excitatory ipsilesional and inhibitory contralesional rTMS. Heterogeneous study designs and contradictory data exemplify the need for greater protocol standardization. Conclusion: Clinical, brain structural and neurobiological factors have been identified as potential predictors for rTMS response in stroke patients with motor impairment. These factors can inform the design of future clinical trials, before being considered for optimization of individual rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients. Examining the association between balance confidence and balance performance in individuals with stroke: A cross-sectional study Eric Huynh1, Elise Wiley1, Sarah Park2, Brodie Sakakibara2, Ada Tang1 1McMaster University. 2University of British Columbia","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5_suppl","pages":"3S-55S"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking Outcome After Traumatic Paraplegic Spinal Cord Injury: The Function of Which Myotomes Makes a Difference?","authors":"Adrian Cathomen,&nbsp;Doris Maier,&nbsp;Jiri Kriz,&nbsp;Rainer Abel,&nbsp;Frank Röhrich,&nbsp;Michael Baumberger,&nbsp;Giorgio Scivoletto,&nbsp;Norbert Weidner,&nbsp;Rüdiger Rupp,&nbsp;Catherine R Jutzeler,&nbsp;John D Steeves,&nbsp;Armin Curt,&nbsp;Marc Bolliger","doi":"10.1177/15459683231166937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231166937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate prediction of walking function after a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is crucial for an appropriate tailoring and application of therapeutical interventions. Long-term outcome of ambulation is strongly related to residual muscle function acutely after injury and its recovery potential. The identification of the underlying determinants of ambulation, however, remains a challenging task in SCI, a neurological disorder presented with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and recovery trajectories.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stratification of walking function and determination of its most relevant underlying muscle functions based on stratified homogeneous patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from individuals with paraplegic SCI were used to develop a prediction-based stratification model, applying unbiased recursive partitioning conditional inference tree (URP-CTREE). The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk test at 6 months after injury. Standardized neurological assessments ≤15 days after injury were chosen as predictors. Resulting subgroups were incorporated into a subsequent node-specific analysis to attribute the role of individual lower extremity myotomes for the prognosis of walking function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using URP-CTREE, the study group of 361 SCI patients was divided into 8 homogeneous subgroups. The node specific analysis uncovered that proximal myotomes L2 and L3 were driving factors for the differentiation between walkers and non-walkers. Distal myotomes L4-S1 were revealed to be responsible for the prognostic distinction of indoor and outdoor walkers (with and without aids).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stratification of a heterogeneous population with paraplegic SCI into more homogeneous subgroups, combined with the identification of underlying muscle functions prospectively determining the walking outcome, enable potential benefit for application in clinical trials and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"316-327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10272624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Discharge Destination After Stroke.","authors":"Theresa Schrage,&nbsp;Götz Thomalla,&nbsp;Martin Härter,&nbsp;Lisa Lebherz,&nbsp;Hannes Appelbohm,&nbsp;David Leander Rimmele,&nbsp;Levente Kriston","doi":"10.1177/15459683231166935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231166935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determining the discharge destination after acute stroke care is important to prevent long-term disabilities and improve cost efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate where stroke patients are discharged to after acute treatment and to identify personal, social, stroke-related, and clinical predictors of discharge destination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study included a secondary exploratory analysis of a prospective observational study. Patients with acute ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or intracerebral hemorrhage were recruited consecutively over a 15-month period. A hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of the primary outcome of discharge destination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 1026 stroke patients (48.7% female) with a mean age of 73.3 years (standard deviation 12.9 years) in the analysis. Overall, 55% of the patients were discharged home, 33% to a rehabilitation center, 3% to a residential facility, and 8% to another acute care hospital. Predictors that statistically significantly influenced the odds of the discharge destination were age, living situation pre-stroke, living location pre-stroke, stroke type, stroke severity, treatment type, and length of stay. Higher stroke severity was associated with discharge to all four inpatient facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with previous research, predictors such as stroke severity and living situation pre-stroke significantly influenced the odds of the discharge destination. In contrast, pre-existing conditions and functional impairment pre-stroke had no significant impact on the primary outcome. This discrepancy could be due to a rather functional study sample before stroke and the use of clinical and patient-reported outcome measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/2e/10.1177_15459683231166935.PMC10272622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Therapy in Early Multiple Sclerosis Improves Physical Function But Not Cognition: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Morten Riemenschneider,&nbsp;Lars G Hvid,&nbsp;Thor Petersen,&nbsp;Egon Stenager,&nbsp;Ulrik Dalgas","doi":"10.1177/15459683231159659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231159659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise positively affects multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms, physiological systems, and potentially cognition. However, an uninvestigated \"window of opportunity\" exists for exercise therapy early in the disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study presents secondary analyses from the Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study, and aims to investigate the efficacy of exercise on physical function, cognition, and patient-reported measures of disease and fatigue impact early in the disease course of MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial (n = 84, time since diagnosis <2 years) included 48 weeks of aerobic exercise or an active control condition (health education) and between-group changes are based on repeated measurement mixed regression models. Physical function tests included measures of aerobic fitness, walking (6-minute walk, Timed 25-foot walk, Six-spot step test), and upper-limb dexterity. Tests of processing speed and memory evaluated cognition. The questionnaires Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale assessed perception of disease and fatigue impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following early exercise aerobic fitness showed superior between-group physiological adaptations (4.0 [1.7; 6.3] ml O₂/min/kg; large effect size [ES = 0.90]). No other outcomes showed significant between-group differences, yet all measures of walking and upper-limb function showed small-to-medium effect sizes in favor of exercise (ES = 0.19-0.58). Overall disability status as well as cognition were unaffected by exercise, whereas perception of disease and fatigue impact were reduced in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In early MS, 48 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise seem to positively modify physical function, but not cognitive function. Perception of disease and fatigue impact may be modifiable by exercise in early MS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT03322761).</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"288-297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WCNR 22/Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15459683231159499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231159499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 1","pages":"NP1 - NP167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Neurofeedback on Cognitive Function, Productive Activity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Pin-Yuan Chen,&nbsp;I-Chang Su,&nbsp;Chun-Ying Shih,&nbsp;Yen-Chun Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Kai Su,&nbsp;Li Wei,&nbsp;Hui-Tzung Luh,&nbsp;Hui-Chuan Huang,&nbsp;Pei-Shan Tsai,&nbsp;Yen-Chun Fan,&nbsp;Hsiao-Yean Chiu","doi":"10.1177/15459683231170539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231170539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive impairment is common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies that have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NFB) on cognitive function following TBI have had poor study designs and small sample sizes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of low-resolution tomography Z-score NFB (LZNFB) and theta/beta NFB on cognitive impairment, return to productive activity, and quality of life in patients with TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomly assigned 87 patients with TBI with cognitive impairment to LZNFB, theta/beta NFB, or usual care (UC) groups. Patients in both NFB groups received weekly 60-minute treatment for 10 weeks, and those in the control group received UC and telephone interviews for 10 weeks. The primary outcome was cognitive function as measured by performance on cognitive tasks; the secondary outcomes included productive activity and quality of life based on the Community Integration Questionnaire-revised (CIQ-R) and the Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI), respectively, at baseline and immediately after the last intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LZNFB group exhibited significantly greater improvements in immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition memory, and selective attention compared with the UC group; the theta/beta NFB group exhibited improvements in only immediate memory and selective attention (<i>P</i> < .05). The total CIQ-R scores of the LZNFB group after treatment were significantly improved than those of the UC group were.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consecutive LZNFB achieved therapeutic effects in memory, attention, and productive activity, whereas theta/beta NFB improved memory and attention in patients with TBI.This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (registration number: NCT03515317; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03515317).</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"277-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Control of Music to Retrain Walking After Stroke.","authors":"Ashley N Collimore,&nbsp;Anna V Roto Cataldo,&nbsp;Ashlyn J Aiello,&nbsp;Regina Sloutsky,&nbsp;Karen J Hutchinson,&nbsp;Brian Harris,&nbsp;Terry Ellis,&nbsp;Louis N Awad","doi":"10.1177/15459683231174223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231174223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-stroke care guidelines highlight continued rehabilitation as essential; however, many stroke survivors cannot participate in outpatient rehabilitation. Technological advances in wearable sensing, treatment algorithms, and care delivery interfaces have created new opportunities for high-efficacy rehabilitation interventions to be delivered autonomously in any setting (ie, clinic, community, or home).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an autonomous rehabilitation system that combines the closed-loop control of music with real-time gait analysis to fully automate patient-tailored walking rehabilitation. Specifically, the mechanism-of-action of auditory-motor entrainment is applied to induce targeted changes in the post-stroke gait pattern by way of targeted changes in music. Using speed-controlled biomechanical and physiological assessments, we evaluate in 10 individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis the effects of a fully-automated gait training session on gait asymmetry and the energetic cost of walking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-treatment reductions in step time (Δ: -12 ± 26%, <i>P</i> = .027), stance time (Δ: -22 ± 10%, <i>P</i> = .004), and swing time (Δ: -15 ± 10%, <i>P</i> = .006) asymmetries were observed together with a 9 ± 5% reduction (<i>P</i> = .027) in the energetic cost of walking. Changes in the energetic cost of walking were highly dependent on the degree of baseline energetic impairment (<i>r</i> =- .90, <i>P</i> < .001). Among the 7 individuals with a baseline energetic cost of walking larger than the normative value of healthy older adults, a 13 ± 4% reduction was observed after training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The closed-loop control of music can fully automate walking rehabilitation that markedly improves walking after stroke. Autonomous rehabilitation delivery systems that can safely provide high-efficacy rehabilitation in any setting have the potential to alleviate access-related care gaps and improve long-term outcomes after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"255-265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/c2/10.1177_15459683231174223.PMC10272623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10062305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Stimulation and Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Juhi Gupta,&nbsp;Sheffali Gulati,&nbsp;Upinder Pal Singh,&nbsp;Atin Kumar,&nbsp;Prashant Jauhari,&nbsp;Biswaroop Chakrabarty,&nbsp;Ravindra Mohan Pandey,&nbsp;Renu Bhatia,&nbsp;Suman Jain,&nbsp;Achal Srivastava","doi":"10.1177/15459683231174222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683231174222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a crucial need to devise optimum rehabilitation programs for children with cerebral palsy (CP).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of combining 6-Hz primed, low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) in improving upper limb function in children with unilateral CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 5 to 18 years with unilateral CP were randomized (23 in each arm) to receive 10 sessions of mCIMT with real rTMS (intervention arm) or mCIMT with sham rTMS (control arm), on alternate weekdays over 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference in mean change in Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) scores. Secondary outcomes were changes in QUEST domain scores, speed and strength measures, CP quality of life (CP-QOL) scale scores, and safety of rTMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 46 children completed the trial except one. At 4 weeks, the mean change in total QUEST scores was significantly higher in the intervention arm as compared to the control arm (11.66 ± 6.97 vs 6.56 ± 4.3, <i>d</i> = 5.1, 95% CI 1.7-8.5, <i>P</i> = .004). Change in \"weight bearing\" and \"protective extension\" domain score was significantly higher for children in the intervention arm. These improvements were sustained at 12 weeks (<i>P</i> = .028). CP-QOL scores improved at 12 weeks. No serious adverse events were seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 6-Hz primed rTMS combined with mCIMT is safe, feasible, and superior to mCIMT alone in improving the upper limb function of children with unilateral CP.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03792789.</p>","PeriodicalId":56104,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair","volume":"37 5","pages":"266-276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10043887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}