Palaeontologia Electronica最新文献

{"title":"Diverse endobiotic symbiont fauna from the late Katian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia","authors":"O. Vinn, Mark Wilson, L. Holmer, A. Ernst, O. Tinn, U. Toom","doi":"10.26879/1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1232","url":null,"abstract":"Endobiotic cornulitids formed symbiotic associations with tabulate corals and stromatoporoids in the Katian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia. The cornulitids benefited from a stable substrate and additional protection against predators offered by the skeleton of their hosts. Symbiotic lingulates and Chaetosalpinx -like bioclaustration structures are here reported from bryozoans for the first time. The endobiotic lingulates were also symbionts of tabulate corals in the Katian of Estonia. Bryozoans hosted the most diverse fauna of endobionts in the Katian of Baltica. Corals and stromatoporoids hosted just few groups of endobionts in the Katian of Baltica.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA","authors":"A. Ernst, A. Claussen, Barbara Seuss, P. N. Wyse Jackson","doi":"10.26879/1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel feeding mechanism of diplodocid sauropods revealed in an Apatosaurine skull from the Upper Jurassic Nail Quarry (Morrison Formation) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA","authors":"Joseph Peterson, D. Lovelace, Melissa V. Connely, J. Mchugh","doi":"10.26879/1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1216","url":null,"abstract":"Dental complexes of sauropod dinosaurs have been studied in members of Diplodocoidea and Macronaria. However, the disparity among the number of replacement teeth between the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary of apatosaurine sauropods has yet to be fully investigated. TATE-099, a nearly complete and associated apatosaurine skull and dental complexes from the upper Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) at Como Bluff, Wyoming, contains cranial characters consistent with Apatosaurus sp. Unerupted dental complexes of the right premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary were imaged and digitally reconstructed using computed tomography (CT). Results indicate four premaxillary alveolar positions each with 5–7 unerupted replacement teeth, 10 maxillary alveolar positions each with 3–5 unerupted replacement teeth, and 10 dentary alveolar positions each with only 1–2 unerupted replacement teeth. The capacity of replacement teeth in TATE-099 is higher than reported in the genus Diplodocus and consistent with data from previous studies on niche partitioning among coeval Morrison Formation sauropods. Disparity among the capacity of dental complexes of TATE-099 further suggests novel feeding mechanics in apatosaurines. CT data also support a new hypothesis of tooth replacement in diplodocids, where entire rows of teeth are replaced as a single unit, rather than individually. The high-capacity of replacement teeth in the premaxilla is only known to be succeeded by one taxon (Nigersaurus) and suggests frequent wear of the premaxillary teeth. However, considerably fewer replacement teeth in the dentary of TATE-099 suggests less-frequent. These results offer insight into the feeding mechanisms and disparity of sauropods within Flagellicaudata. Joseph E. Peterson. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Department of Geology, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901, USA. petersoj@uwosh.edu (corresponding author) David Lovelace. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Geology Museum, Madison Wisconsin 53706, USA. dlovelace@wisc.edu PETERSON ET AL.: APATOSAURINE FEEDING MECHANISM 2 Melissa Connely. Stratigraphic rex LLC, Casper, Wyoming 82604, USA. melconn45@gmail.com Julia B. McHugh. Museums of Western Colorado, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA and Colorado Mesa University, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Grand Junction, Colorado, 81502, USA. jmchugh@westcomuseum.org","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovummuridae (calcareous microfossils) from the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK","authors":"Rowshi Hussain, S. Rogers, J. Blackburn","doi":"10.26879/1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1222","url":null,"abstract":"Ovummuridae are calcareous, egg-shaped microfossils with an unknown taxonomic affinity. Their limited observation is due to their occurrence only within exceptionally preserved carbonate rocks that have undergone little to no diagenesis or aggrading neomorphism. The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation (Homerian) is famous for its exceptionally preserved and diverse fossil biota, but Ovummuridae have not been previously observed and reported from the formation. This paper introduces the population of Ovummuridae from the off-reef tract limestones of The Much Wenlock Limestone Formation, Shropshire, UK. The authors analysed 124 polished and etched thin sections using reflected light microscopy to detect the presence of Ovummuridae. A total of 6591 ovummurids were identified, including observations of several previously undescribed morphotypes of Ovummuridae. Three new genera, Munneckella, Natantesprifmata and Hartonella , and subsequently four new species, Minourella wenlockiensis, Munneckella tribuscamera, Natantesprifmata rogersi and Hartonella oblonga , are introduced. The implications of this study suggest that reflected light microscopy is an effective and efficient method for observing calcareous microfossils. Ovummuridae may be more abundant than previously reported, their stratigraphic and palaeogeographic range is further extended, and it is highlighted that the off-reef tract may have been the microfossils’ preferred environment","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A partial skeleton of “Mammut” borsoni (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the Pliocene of Kaltensundheim (Germany)","authors":"W. Koenigswald, J. Březina, R. Werneburg, U. Göhlich","doi":"10.26879/1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1188","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed description of a partial skeleton of “Mammut” borsoni from the late Pliocene (Early Villafranchian, MN 16/17) of Kaltensundheim in Thuringia (Germany) is provided, and concentrates on osteological comparisons with specimens of the European Mammutidae (Zygolophodon turicensis and “M”. borsoni) and the North American Mammut americanum. Osteological similarities between “M”. borsoni and M. americanum have to be regarded as parallelisms. The Kaltensundheim specimen is one of the youngest appearances of mammutids in Europe. The skeleton may represent a female, because it is distinctly smaller than male individuals from Milia in Greece of a similar ontogenetic age. We use the genus name “Mammut” in quotation marks, because the genus Mammut evolved in North America and no reinvasion into Eurasia can be proven. Therefore, the genus name Mammut should not be used prematurely for Eurasian finds. Wighart v. Koenigswald. Universität Bonn, Institut für Geowissenschaften (Paläontologie), Nussallee 8, D53115 Bonn, Germany. koenigswald@uni-bonn.de Jakub Březina. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic and Department of Geology and Paleontology, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic. jbrezina@mzm.cz Ralf Werneburg. Naturhistorisches Museum, Schloss Bertholdsburg, Burgstraße 6, D-98553 Schleusingen, Germany. werneburg@museum-schleusingen.de Ursula B. Göhlich. Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Geologisch-paläontologische Abt., Burgring 7, A1010 Wien, Austria. ursula.goehlich@nhm-wien.ac.at","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multicarpellate fruit from Late Cretaceous sediments of South Bohemia, Czech Republic","authors":"Z. Hermanova, J. Čepičková, J. Kvaček, M. von Balthazar, J. Schönenberger","doi":"10.26879/1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1192","url":null,"abstract":"The gynoecium of most angiosperms consists of two or more united carpels and syncarpy is generally considered a key innovation. Multicarpellate-syncarpous gynoe-cia, i.e., with more than five united carpels, are overall rare, probably because of developmental and functional constraints. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (microCT), we here describe a new fossil taxon, Covidifructus multicarpellatus, from the Late Cretaceous (Late Turonian-Santonian) of Southern Bohemia (Czech Republic). The new fossil taxon is based on a single syn-carpous gynoecium (an immature fruit) consisting of 10 carpels, each containing a single seed;no other floral organs are preserved. The gynoecium morphology of C. multicarpellatus is highly complex and involves an enclosed, undifferentiated floral apex, an empty space in the centre of the ovary formed by the postgenital union of the distal parts of the carpels, an irregular apical closure of the ovary, and possibly an extra-gynoecial compitum. Similar gynoecium morphologies have evolved conver-gently in various angiosperm lineages and are directly linked with the special developmental (architectural) challenges of forming a functional syncarpous gynoecium with many carpels. Among extant angiosperms, C. multicarpellatus is most similar to Dille-nia (Dilleniaceae). However, a systematic assignment based on gynoecium characters alone would involve a high level of uncertainty, even if the gynoecial features of C. mul-ticarpellatus are rare among other angiosperms. © 2022, Texas A and M University. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Neogene anourosoricin shrews from northern Asia","authors":"V. Zazhigin, L. Voyta","doi":"10.26879/1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1209","url":null,"abstract":"The shrews of the Anourosoricini tribe (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) were a broadly represented group of the subfamily Soricinae in the Neogene of Palaearctica and show high taxonomic diversity, up to now mostly in Europe. In the current study, the generic diversity of northern Asian anourosoricin is expanded to four: Crusafontina, Ishimosorex gen. nov., Paranourosorex and Anourosorex. Our investigation of original material from 22 Russian and Kazakh localities allowed us to describe fossil material for two endemic northern Asian genera, Ishimosorex gen. nov and Paranourosorex. Based on the dental features and stratigraphic position, we consider early Ishimosorex gen. nov. and later Paranourosorex to represent a single evolutionary lineage. The IshimosorexParanourosorex lineage existed from the Late Miocene (late Vallesian, MN 10) to early Pliocene (Ruscinian, MN 15) over a broad geographic range in northern Asia from southwestern Siberia to the Inner Mongolia region and consists of five species: Ishimosorex ishimiensis gen. et sp. nov., P. seletiensis, P. inexspectatus, Paranourosorex intermedius sp. nov. and P. gigas. Vladimir S. Zazhigin. Geological Institute (GIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 109017, Russia. zazhvol@gmail.com Leonid L. Voyta. Zoological Institute (ZIN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. leonid.voyta@zin.ru","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying tooth position of isolated teeth of sparassodonts (Mammalia: Metatheria) using geometric morphometrics","authors":"Russell K. Engelman, D. Croft","doi":"10.26879/1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1111","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated teeth make up much of the mammalian fossil record. The scientific value of these specimens is maximized when their specific locus can be identified, which permits precise comparisons with more complete specimens. However, identifying tooth locus can be challenging, particularly in metatherians, as these animals have multiple molar loci (M1-3/m1-4) that typically differ only in relatively subtle aspects. In this study, we use geometric morphometrics to analyze the first three upper molars (M1-3) of the metatherian clade Sparassodonta to determine whether it is possible to classify isolated teeth to locus using linear discriminant analysis. Discriminant analyses return high cross-validation reclassification rates of 72-83% and classify several specimens of unknown locus with high posterior probabilities, suggesting that they can be used to confidently identify tooth locus in metatherians. The morphological features that best distinguish tooth loci from each other are the shape of the stylar shelf and development of the ectoflexus and parastylar lobe. Specifically, the parastylar lobe is labiolingually narrower than the width of the stylar shelf at the midpoint of the tooth on M1, equal in width on M2, and greater than width on M3, forming an ectoflexus. Our study provides an open-access morphometric dataset that other researchers can use to determine tooth loci of isolated sparassodont teeth, such as those collected by screen-washing or surface collecting. Russell K. Engelman. Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, U.S.A. neovenatoridae@gmail.com Darin A. Croft. Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4930, U.S.A. dcroft@case.edu","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy","authors":"M. Sabol, A. Tomašovỳch, Juraj Gullár","doi":"10.26879/1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1175","url":null,"abstract":"Several taxa of lions occurred in the Pleistocene of the Northern Hemisphere. Although crania of these large cats are relatively rare in the fossil record, they allow us to assess size and shape differences among Pleistocene lions from Europe, Asia, and North America (Panthera fossilis, P. spelaea, P. atrox) and to compare them with the extant P. leo . We use basic 14 morphometric data (cranial length/width dimensions, auditory bulla diameters, cranial profile) including data on sex and ontogenetic age in 44 fossil and eight recent specimens, along with their geological age and altitude. We show that: first, crania of the P. fossilis (including P. “intermedia”) differs from crania of the Last Glacial P. spelaea and the extant P. leo . Second, P. spelaea shows a high mor-phologic variation in cranial morphology across its geographic range, with partial morphological segregation between the Western European and Eastern European assemblages. However, the main axis of morphological variation between geographic forms of P. spelaea and P. fossilis–“intermedia” correlates with size (in contrast to major differences relative to P. atrox ), and cranial data thus do","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69147433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)","authors":"D. Tshudy, M. Hyžný, Martina Kočová Veselská, J. Jagt","doi":"10.26879/1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26879/1190","url":null,"abstract":"Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854, is an extinct clawed lobster genus within the clade of thaumastocheliform decapod crustaceans that are characterized by short, quadrate pleura on the pleon and a major claw with a bulbous palm and acicular dentition. In fact, Oncopareia is the earliest thaumastocheliform lobster known to date, the oldest example being of Turonian age (~90 Ma). Originally, Oncopareia was erected for a single late Maastrichtian species, O. bredai Bosquet, 1854, from the southeast Netherlands. The genus has a convoluted taxonomic history that begins with a type species that is an accidental composite of two lobsters that differ at the genus level, the second genus being Hoploparia M’Coy, 1849. An analogous situation occurred in Hoploparia biserialis Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887, the description of which is partly based on material that is attributable to Oncopareia. A number of subsequently erected taxa have been assigned to Oncopareia, based solely on isolated cheliped fingers and only later to be recognized as representatives of the ghost shrimp genus Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926. This was due to convergent evolution of pectinate claws in several distinct decapod lineages. The present contribution summarizes the taxonomic history of Oncopareia, redefines the genus and redescribes its type species, and comments on species previously referred to the genus. Herein, in addition to the type species, three distinct Oncopareia species are recognized: Oncopareia esocina (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887), Oncopareia klintebjergensis Jakobsen and Collins, 1979, and Oncopareia lunata (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887). Other species previously included within Oncopareia are either reassigned to other genera or considered of uncertain affinity (incertae sedis). Dale M. Tshudy. Department of Geosciences, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412, USA dtshudy@edinboro.edu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-4378 Matúš Hyžný. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia. hyzny.matus@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-89602846) TSHUDY ET AL.: LOBSTER GENUS ONCOPAREIA 2 Martina Koočová Veselská. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic and Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic. veselskamartina@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-9019 John W.M. Jagt. Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6-7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands. john.jagt@maastricht.nl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-1991","PeriodicalId":56100,"journal":{"name":"Palaeontologia Electronica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69148084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}