Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Activation of oxytocinergic neurons enhances torpor in mice.","authors":"Maia T Hare, Matthew E Carter, Steven J Swoap","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01528-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01528-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mus musculus enters a torpid state in response to caloric restriction in sub-thermoneutral ambient temperatures. This torpid state is characterized by an adaptive and controlled decrease in metabolic rate, heart rate, body temperature, and activity. Previous research has identified the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) within the hypothalamus, a region containing oxytocin neurons, as a location that is active during torpor onset. We hypothesized that oxytocin neurons within the PVN are part of this neural circuit and that activation of oxytocin neurons would deepen and lengthen torpor bouts. We report that activation of oxytocin neurons alone is not sufficient to induce a torpor-like state in the fed mouse, with no significant difference in body temperature or heart rate upon activation of oxytocin neurons. However, we found that activation of oxytocin neurons prior to the onset of daily torpor both deepens and lengthens the subsequent bout, with a 1.7 ± 0.4 °C lower body temperature and a 135 ± 32 min increase in length. We therefore conclude that oxytocin neurons are involved in the neural circuitry controlling daily torpor in the mouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-hibernation diet alters skeletal muscle relaxation kinetics, but not force development in torpid arctic ground squirrels.","authors":"Jishnu K S Krishnan, Sarah Rice, Monica Mikes, M Hoshi Sugiura, Kelly L Drew, Zeinab Barati, S Ryan Oliver","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01527-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01527-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the hibernation season, Arctic ground squirrels (AGS) experience extreme temperature fluctuations (body temperature, T_b, as low as - 3 °C), during which they are mostly physically inactive. Once T_b reaches ~ 15 °C during interbout arousals, hibernators recruit skeletal muscle (SkM) for shivering thermogenesis to reach T_b of ~ 35 °C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet are known to influence SkM function and metabolism. Recent studies in the cardiac muscle of hibernators have revealed that increased levels of ω-6 and the ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio correlate with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and hibernation status. We hypothesized that diet (increased ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio) and torpor status are important in the regulation of the SERCA pump and that this may improve SkM performance during hibernation. Ex vivo functional assays were used to characterize performance changes in SkM (diaphragm) from AGS fed the following diets. (1) Standard rodent chow with an ω-6:ω-3 ratio of 5:1, or (2) a balanced diet with an ω-6:ω-3 ratio of 1:1 that roughly mimics wild diet. We collected diaphragms at three different stages of hibernation (early torpor, late torpor, and arousal) and evaluated muscle function under hypothermic temperature stress at 4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C to determine functional resilience. Our data show that torpid animals fed standard rodent chow have faster SkM relaxation when compared to the balanced diet animals. Furthermore, we discovered that standard rodent chow AGS during torpor has higher SkM relaxation kinetics, but this effect of torpor is eliminated in balanced diet AGS. Interestingly, neither diet nor torpor influenced the rate of force development (rate of calcium release). This is the first study to show that increasing the dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio improves skeletal muscle performance during decreased temperatures in a hibernating animal. This evidence supports the interpretation that diet can change some functional properties of the SkM, presumably through membrane lipid composition, ambient temperature, and torpor interaction, with an impact on SkM performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the significance of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase in wild reptile health studies.","authors":"Randall Arguedas","doi":"10.1007/s00360-024-01535-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-024-01535-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In reptile medicine, the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) have been used in clinical diagnostics, where CK is considered an enzyme specific to muscle cell damage, while AST is a nonspecific enzyme that is mainly produced in the liver and muscle. When many native reptiles are sampled, it is evident that there are important differences between species and individuals belonging to the same species, making the AST and CK ranges very wide. The minimum and maximum values, variations and standard deviations were extracted for each enzyme from 17 wild reptile studies, revealing high variation and a wide range of variation for each species. AST and CK must be interpreted with caution in wild reptiles since there appears to be an important amount of individual and specific variation due to the muscular origin of these enzymes, and such variations tell us that there are considerable differences between individuals, physiological characteristics or sampling methods; thus, there is no apparent value derived from these kinds of studies on the utility of AST for evaluating liver damage, but the measurement of AST and CK can be useful for reptile health assessments or any manipulative study since they can eventually be used as indicators or potential biomarkers for restraint techniques or holding time.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of post-tetanic depression of slow muscle fibres.","authors":"Joseph Foon Yoong Hoh","doi":"10.1007/s00360-024-01536-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-024-01536-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A brief tetanic stimulation has a very different effect on the subsequent isometric twitch force of fast and slow skeletal muscles. Fast muscle responds with an enhanced twitch force which doubles that of the pre-tetanic value, whereas slow muscle depresses the post-tetanic twitch by about 20%. Twitch potentiation of fast muscle has long been known to be due to myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation. It is proposed that post-tetanic twitch depression in slow muscle is due to the dephosphorylation of the slow isoform of the thick filament protein, myosin-binding protein-C, by Ca²⁺/calmodulin-activated phosphatase calcineurin, whilst its phosphorylation underlies the force enhancement due to β-adrenergic stimulation in slow and fast muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory patterns of male South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) resting on land.","authors":"Marta Carolina De León, Diego H Rodríguez, Mariela Dassis","doi":"10.1007/s00360-024-01533-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-024-01533-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this study was to characterize the cardiorespiratory patterns of male South American sea lions (SASLs, Otaria flavescens) resting on land. We recorded respiratory and heart rate (n = 360 individuals studied) by observing the nostrils, chest movements and the impact of the heart on the thoracic wall. The sea lions breathe apneustically with a pause on inspiration, representing 74% of the respiratory cycle. The mean breathing frequency was 3.2 ± 1.0 breaths min^-1, with a breathing cycle presenting periods of bradypneas, tachypneas, and long-term post-inspiratory pauses. The normal heart rate (nHR) was 73.4 ± 14.5 beats min^-1 and no significant differences were observed between age classes. All animals showed variability in HR in relation to respiratory phases (Inspiration: 101.2 ± 18.4 beats min^-1; post-inspiratory pause: 73.4 ± 14.5 beats min^-1; expiration: 64.6 ± 17.7 beats min^-1), consistent with respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The mean HR (measured during all respiratory phases) was 79.9 ± 22.7 beats min^-1, and was significantly different between age classes. The total duration of respiratory cycle, and duration of both inspiration and expiration, decreased with an increment in ambient temperature, with no variation in the pause duration. Heart rate during pause and expiration was significantly higher during high temperatures. Similar changes in cardiorespiratory patterns have been reported in other pinnipeds. Our results showed ontogenetic differences in development and typical variations with environmental and behavioral variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"7-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron transport system supercomplexes affect reactive-oxygen species production and respiration in both a hibernator (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) and a nonhibernator (Rattus norvegicus).","authors":"Amalie J Hutchinson, Brynne M Duffy, James F Staples","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01525-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01525-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across many taxa, the complexes of the electron transport system associate with each other within the inner mitochondrial membrane to form supercomplexes (SCs). These SCs are thought to confer some selective advantage, such as increasing cellular respiratory capacity or decreasing the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigate the relationship between supercomplex abundance and performance of liver mitochondria isolated from rats that do not hibernate and hibernating ground squirrels in which metabolism fluctuates substantially. We quantified the abundance of SCs (respirasomes (SCs containing CI, CIII, and CIV) or SCs containing CIII and CIV) and examined the relationship with state 3 (OXPHOS) and state 4 (LEAK) respiration rate, as well as net ROS production. We found that, in rats, state 3 and 4 respiration rate correlated negatively with respirasome abundance, but positively with CIII/CIV SC abundance. Despite the greater range of respiration rates in different hibernation stages, these relationships were similar in ground squirrels. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of differential effects of supercomplex types on mitochondrial respiration and ROS production.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal caloric restriction adjusts the energy homeostasis and behavior in response to acute and chronic variations in food availability in adulthood.","authors":"Isaac Peña-Villalobos,&nbsp;Fabiola A Otarola,&nbsp;David Arancibia,&nbsp;Pablo Sabat,&nbsp;Verónica Palma","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01520-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01520-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal metabolic programming produced by unfavorable prenatal nutritional conditions leads to the development of a disorder called \"thrifty phenotype\", which is associated with pathologies such as diabetes and obesity in adulthood. However, from an ecophysiological approach, few studies have addressed the development of thrifty phenotypes in terms of energy. This might represent an adaptive advantage against caloric deficiency conditions extending into adulthood. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential adaptive value of the thrifty phenotype expression through prenatal programming in a rodent model experiencing varying dietary conditions in different temporal contexts. To fill this gap, adult males of Mus musculus (BALB/C) from two maternal pregnancy groups were analyzed: control (ad libitum feeding) and caloric restriction from day 10 of gestation (70% restriction). Adult offspring of these groups were split further for two experiments: acute food deprivation and chronic caloric restriction at 60%. The acute food deprivation was performed for 24, 48 or 72 h while the caloric restriction regime was sustained for 20 days. For each experiment, morphological variables, such as body and organ mass, and gene expression related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism from the liver and brain, were evaluated. In chronic caloric restriction, behavioral tests (open-field test and home-cage behavior) were performed. Our results indicate that under acute deprivation, the liver mass and triglyceride content remained unchanged in individuals subjected to prenatal restriction, in contrast to the reduction experienced by the control group. The latter is associated with the expression of the key genes involved in energy homeostasis (Pepck, Pparα/Pparγ), indicating a differential use of nutritional resources. In addition, thrifty animals, subjected to chronic caloric restriction, showed a severe reduction in locomotor and gluconeogenic activity, which is consistent with the regulatory role of Sirt1 and its downstream targets Mao and Pepck. Our results reveal that prenatal caloric restriction translates into a sparing metabolism in response to acute and chronic lack of food in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"677-688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature effects on metabolism and energy requirement during the fast growth phase in the red-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonaria.","authors":"Pierina Mendoza,&nbsp;Camila Furuta,&nbsp;Beatriz Garcia,&nbsp;Lucas A Zena,&nbsp;Aulus C Carciofi,&nbsp;Kênia C Bícego","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01514-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01514-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early life is a challenging phase because of the high rates of morphophysiological development and growth. Changes in ambient temperature, which directly affect energy metabolism and digestive functions in ectotherms, may be of great impact during this phase. We addressed this issue in red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) hatchlings kept in captivity. To this end, we investigated the effect of temperature (28 °C and 18 °C) on mass-specific gross energy intake (GEI_m), daily body mass gain (MG), daily intake of gross energy (GEI), digestible energy (DEI), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and specific dynamic action (SDA) components during different seasons in the first 13 months after hatching. Greater GEI_m and MG were observed in spring (381.7 ± 84.9 J.g^-0.86.day^-1 and 0.9 ± 0.4 g.day^-1) and summer (356.9 ± 58.9 J.g^-0.86.day^-1 and 1.0 ± 0.4 g.day^-1). The highest and lowest RMRs at 28 °C were observed in spring (36.4 ± 5.1 kJ.kg^-1.day^-1) and winter (22.4 ± 6.2 kJ.kg^-1.day^-1), respectively. Regardless season, hatchlings showed greater GEI and DEI, O₂ consumption, CO₂ production, RMR, maximum metabolic rate after feeding (FMR_MAX), and heat increment (FMR_MAX- RMR) at 28 °C compared to 18 °C. In addition, the significant body mass influence showed allometric exponents of 0.62 at 28 °C and 0.92 at 18 °C for RMR. Our results indicate an important effect of environmental temperature on energy requirements and utilization in C. carbonaria hatchlings, which is seasonally influenced even in this early phase of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"661-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative metabolomics analysis investigating the impact of melatonin-enriched diet on energy metabolism in the crayfish, Cherax destructor.","authors":"Ying Yang,&nbsp;Jiangtao Tian,&nbsp;Wenyue Xu,&nbsp;Cuobaima Ping,&nbsp;Xinglin Du,&nbsp;Yucong Ye,&nbsp;Bihong Zhu,&nbsp;Yizhou Huang,&nbsp;Yiming Li,&nbsp;Qichen Jiang,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01518-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01518-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin is a multifunctional bioactive molecule present in almost all organisms and has been gradually used in the aquaculture industry in recent years. Energy metabolism is an essential process for individuals to maintain their life activities; however, the process through which melatonin regulates energy metabolism in aquatic animals remains unclear. The present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory mechanism of melatonin for energy metabolism in Cherax destructor by combining metabolomics analysis with the detection of the key substance content, enzymatic activity, and gene expression levels in the energy metabolism process after culturing with dietary melatonin supplementation for 8 weeks. Our results showed that dietary melatonin increased the content of glycogen, triglycerides, and free fatty acids; decreased lactate levels; and promoted the enzymatic activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The results of gene expression analysis showed that dietary melatonin also increased the expression levels of hexokinase, PK, MDH, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, and fatty acid synthase genes. The results of metabolomics analysis showed that differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in lysine degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary melatonin increased oxidative phosphorylation, improved glucose utilization, and promoted storage of glycogen and lipids in C. destructor. These lipids are used not only for energy storage but also to maintain the structure and function of cell membranes. Our results further add to the understanding of the mechanisms of energy regulation by melatonin in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"615-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoregulation in the wild boar (Sus scrofa).","authors":"Thomas Ruf,&nbsp;Sebastian G Vetter,&nbsp;Johanna Painer-Gigler,&nbsp;Gabrielle Stalder,&nbsp;Claudia Bieber","doi":"10.1007/s00360-023-01512-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00360-023-01512-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wild boar (Sus scrofa) originates from warm islands but now inhabits large areas of the world, with Antarctica as the only continent not inhabited by this species. One might be tempted to think that its wide distribution results from increasing environmental temperatures. However, any effect of temperature is only indirect: Abundant availability of critical food resources can fully compensate the negative effects of cold winters on population growth. Here, we asked if temperature as a habitat factor is unimportant compared with other habitat indices, simply because wild boars are excellent thermoregulators. We found that the thermoneutral zone in summer was approximately 6-24 °C. In winter, the thermoneutral zone was lowered to 0-7 °C. The estimated increase in the heart rate and energy expenditure in the cold was less than 30% per 10 °C temperature decline. This relatively small increase of energy expenditure during cold exposure places the wild boar in the realm of arctic animals, such as the polar bear, whereas tropical mammals raise their energy expenditure several fold. The response of wild boars to high T_a was weak across all seasons. In the heat, wild boars avoid close contact to conspecifics and particularly use wallowing in mud or other wet substrates to cool and prevent hyperthermia. Wild boars also rely on daily cycles, especially of rhythms in subcutaneous temperature that enables them to cheaply build large core-shell gradients, which serve to lower heat loss. We argue it is predominantly this ability which allowed wild boars to inhabit most climatically diverse areas in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":56033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology B-Biochemical Systems and Environmental Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"689-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41156457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}