Francesco Rettura , Christian Lambiase , Antonio Grosso , Alessandra Rossi , Riccardo Tedeschi , Linda Ceccarelli , Massimo Bellini
{"title":"Role of Low-FODMAP diet in functional dyspepsia: “Why”, “When”, and “to Whom”","authors":"Francesco Rettura , Christian Lambiase , Antonio Grosso , Alessandra Rossi , Riccardo Tedeschi , Linda Ceccarelli , Massimo Bellini","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a frequent disorder of gut-brain interaction, affecting 5–7% of people globally, with significant impairment in quality of life. The management of FD is challenging due to the lack of specific therapeutic approaches.</p><p>Although food seems to play a role in symptom production, its pathophysiologic role in patients with FD is not fully understood. Most FD patients report that their symptoms are triggered by food, especially in the post-prandial distress syndrome (PDS) group, although evidence to support the use of dietary interventions are limited.</p><p>FODMAPs can increase production of gas in the intestinal lumen, through fermentation by intestinal bacteria, can exert osmotic effects by increasing water volume and can cause an excessive production of short-chain fatty acids (propionate, butyrate, and acetate).</p><p>Emerging scientific evidence, confirmed by recent clinical trials, suggest that FODMAPs could be involved in the pathogenesis of FD. Given the consolidated approach of the Low-FODMAP Diet (LFD) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) management and emerging scientific evidence regarding the LFD in FD, a therapeutic role of this diet may be hypothesized also in FD, either alone or in combination with other therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9382919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food elimination diets in eosinophilic esophagitis: Practical tips in current management and future directions","authors":"Pierfrancesco Visaggi , Federica Baiano Svizzero , Edoardo Savarino","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, antigen-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Seminal reports identified the role of food allergens in the pathogenesis of the disease by demonstrating that food avoidance could lead to the resolution of esophageal eosinophilia in EoE patients. Although pharmacological treatments for EoE are increasingly being investigated, the exclusion of trigger foods from the diet still represents a valuable option for patients to achieve and maintain disease remission without drugs. Food elimination diets are variegated, and one size does not fit all. Accordingly, before starting any elimination diet, patients’ characteristics should be thoroughly evaluated, and a rigorous management plan should be defined. This review provides practical tips and considerations to succeed in the management of EoE patients undergoing food elimination diets, as well as recent advances and future perspectives on food avoidance strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esther Colomier , Joost P. Algera , Karen Van den Houte , Magnus Simrén , Jan Tack
{"title":"Mechanisms underlying food-related symptoms in disorders of gut-brain interaction: Course ahead in research and clinical practice","authors":"Esther Colomier , Joost P. Algera , Karen Van den Houte , Magnus Simrén , Jan Tack","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A subgroup of patients with a disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) report symptoms such as abdominal pain, gas-related symptoms, dyspeptic symptoms and loose stool or urgency after meal intake. Therefore, the effect of several dietary therapies including fibre-rich or restrictive diets have already been studied </span>in patients<span><span> with irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating or distention, and functional dyspepsia. However, there is a paucity of studies in the literature on the mechanisms underlying food-related symptoms. Therefore, this review focuses on these potential mechanisms and explains the role of nutrient sensing and tasting, physical considerations, </span>malabsorption or allergy-like reaction to food and its interaction with microbiota. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of future research and clinical practice regarding food-related symptoms in patients with a DGBI.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition in inflammatory bowel diseases; Is there a role?","authors":"Andriana C. Kaliora","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrition is of paramount importance not only for healthy individuals, but all the more for the ones with pathologies interlinked with the diet. In that light, diet, when used accordingly can act in a protective manner in inflammatory bowel diseases. The interplay of diet and IBD is not thoroughly defined, and guidelines are a work in progress. However, significant knowledge has been gained with regard to foods and nutrients that may exacerbate or alleviate the core symptoms. Patients with IBD restrict from their diet a plethora of foods often arbitrary, thus depriving themselves from valuable constituents. Careful navigation into the newfound field of genetic variants and personalization of diet should be employed with avoidance of the Westernized diet, processed foods and additives, and focus on a holistic approach with a balanced diet rich in bioactive compounds in order to improve the quality of life of these patients and address diet-related deficiencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emanuele Rinninella , Ege Tohumcu , Pauline Raoul , Marcello Fiorani , Marco Cintoni , Maria Cristina Mele , Giovanni Cammarota , Antonio Gasbarrini , Gianluca Ianiro
{"title":"The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota","authors":"Emanuele Rinninella , Ege Tohumcu , Pauline Raoul , Marcello Fiorani , Marco Cintoni , Maria Cristina Mele , Giovanni Cammarota , Antonio Gasbarrini , Gianluca Ianiro","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gut microbiota plays a fundamental role within human health, and exerts key functions within the human body. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of gut microbiota functions and composition. This complex interplay involves also the immune system and the intestinal barrier, highlighting the central role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple diseases.</p><p>In this review article we will paint the landscape of the effects of specific dietary nutrients, and of the detrimental or beneficial outcomes of different dietary patterns, on the composition of human gut microbiota. Moreover, we will discuss the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator of gut microbiota, including cutting-edge ways of exploitation, including the use of dietary components as adjuvants to promote microbial engraftment after fecal microbiota transplantation, or personalized nutritional approaches, targeted to the patient microbiome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101828"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maurizia R. Brunetto , Antonio Salvati , Giovanni Petralli , Ferruccio Bonino
{"title":"Nutritional intervention in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Maurizia R. Brunetto , Antonio Salvati , Giovanni Petralli , Ferruccio Bonino","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Lifestyle modification is the primary intervention to control NAFLD progression, but despite evidence-based effectiveness it is difficult to distinguish the benefits of nutrition from physical activity and the optimal diet composition is not established. Macronutrients as </span>saturated fatty acids, sugars and animal proteins are harmful in NAFLD and the Mediterranean Diet reducing sugar, red meat and refined carbohydrates and increasing unsaturated-fatty-acids was reported to be beneficial. However one size cannot fit all since NAFLD is a multifaceted syndrome encompassing many </span>diseases<span> of unknown etiologies, different clinical severity and outcomes. Studies of the intestinal metagenome, provided new insights into the physio-pathological interplay between intestinal microbiota and NAFLD. How much the microbiota heterogeneity can influence response to diet remains unknown. New knowledge indicates that AI guided personalized nutrition based on clinic-pathologic and genetic data combined with pre/post nutritional intervention gut metagenomics/metabolomics will be part of the future management of NAFLD.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dietary factors involved in GERD management","authors":"Mark Fox , C Prakash Gyawali","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is extremely common, and even modest weight gain has been associated with higher symptom burden as well as objective evidence of reflux on </span>endoscopy and physiological measurement. Certain trigger foods, especially citrus, coffee, chocolate, fried food, spicy food and red sauces are frequently reported to worsen reflux symptoms, although hard evidence linking these items to objective GERD is lacking. There is better evidence that large meal volume and high calorie content can increase esophageal reflux burden. Conversely, sleeping with the head end of the bed raised, avoiding lying down close to meals, sleeping on the left side and weight loss can improve reflux symptoms and objective reflux evidence, especially when the esophagogastric junction ‘reflux barrier’ is compromised (e.g., in the presence of a hiatus hernia). Consequently, attention to diet and weight loss are both important elements of management of GERD, and need to be incorporated into management plans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant-based diets in gastrointestinal diseases: Which evidence?","authors":"Samanta Mazzocchi , Pierfrancesco Visaggi , Luciana Baroni","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant-based diets (PBDs), rich in high-quality plant foods, offer multiple benefits for the overall and gastrointestinal health. Recently, it has been demostrated that the positive effects of PBDs on gastrointestinal health can be mediated by the gut microbiota, in particular, by inducing a greater diversity of bacteria.</p><p><span><span>This review summarizes current knowledge on the relationship between nutrition, the gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We discussed how dietary habits modify the composition and physiological activity of the gut microbiota and how gut dysbiosis affects the most prevalent gastrointestinal </span>diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, functional </span>bowel disorders<span>, liver disorders, and gastrointestinal cancer. The beneficial role of PBDs is being increasingly recognized as potentially useful in the management of most diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9389747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola de Bortoli, Federica Baiano Svizzero, Veronica Pardi, Pierfrancesco Visaggi
{"title":"Nutrition in gastroenterology: Rising evidence and future directions","authors":"Nicola de Bortoli, Federica Baiano Svizzero, Veronica Pardi, Pierfrancesco Visaggi","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101832","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9405351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1521-6918(23)00014-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1521-6918(23)00014-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}