Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Alternating gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine alone versus continuous gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel after induction treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer (ALPACA): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.","authors":"Klara Dorman, Stefan Boeck, Karel Caca, Maximilian Reichert, Thomas J Ettrich, Helmut Oettle, Oliver Waidmann, Dominik P Modest, Lothar Müller, Patrick Michl, Stephan Kanzler, Daniel Pink, Anke Reinacher-Schick, Michael Geißler, Henning Pelz, Volker Kunzmann, Swantje Held, Thomas Schichtl, Volker Heinemann, Frank Kullmann","doi":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00197-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00197-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A standardised dose-reduction strategy has not been established for the widely used gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel regimen in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of alternating treatment cycles of nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine combination therapy and gemcitabine alone versus continuous treatment with the nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine combination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ALPACA was a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial conducted at 29 study centres across Germany. Patients aged 18 years or older with a histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had not been previously treated for advanced disease were enrolled. After an induction phase with three cycles of nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine combination therapy (nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m<sup>2</sup> and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup> administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle), patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by stratified permuted block randomisation either to continue treatment with standard nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine or to receive alternating cycles of nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine and gemcitabine alone. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. Randomisation was done centrally by the study statistician using a computer-generated randomisation list, and was stratified by Karnofsky Performance Status and presence of liver metastases. The primary endpoint was the derivation of an unbiased point estimate and an associated confidence interval with a confidence coefficient of 80% for the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival after randomisation, without testing a specific hypothesis, analysed by intention to treat in all patients who started randomised treatment. Safety was analysed according to treatment received. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02564146, and is completed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between May 27, 2016, and May 27, 2021, 325 patients were enrolled. Following three cycles of induction treatment, 174 patients were randomly assigned: 85 to continue receiving standard nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine, of whom 79 started treatment, and 89 to the alternating treatment schedule, of whom 88 started treatment. Of the 167 patients who started randomised treatment, 88 (53%) were female and 79 (47%) were male. Median overall survival after randomisation was 10·4 months (80% CI 9·2-12·0) in the group that received standard treatment and 10·5 months (10·2-11·1) in the group that received alternating treatment (HR 0·90, 80% CI 0·72-1·13; p=0·56). The most common adverse events of any grade were peripheral neuropathy (59 [74%] of 80 patients in the continuous treatment group vs 53 [62%] of 85 patients in the alternating treatment group) and fatigue (43 [54%] vs 44 [52%]). Treatment-emergent serious adverse events after randomisation occurred in 40 (50%) pati","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":30.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spleen stiffness measurement by vibration-controlled transient elastography at 100 Hz for non-invasive predicted diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease: a modelling study.","authors":"Mathias Jachs,Aitor Odriozola,Fanny Turon,Lucile Moga,Luis Téllez,Petra Fischer,Dario Saltini,Wilhelmus J Kwanten,Maria Grasso,Elba Llop,Yuly P Mendoza,Angelo Armandi,Julia Thalhammer,Carlos Pardo,Antonio Colecchia,Federico Ravaioli,Benjamin Maasoumy,Wim Laleman,José Presa,Jörn M Schattenberg,Annalisa Berzigotti,José L Calleja,Vincenza Calvaruso,Sven Francque,Filippo Schepis,Bogdan Procopet,Agustín Albillos,Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou,Juan C García-Pagán,Ángela Puente,José I Fortea,Thomas Reiberger,Mattias Mandorfer,,","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00234-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00234-6","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIn patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD), risk of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) can be estimated by applying non-invasive tests such as liver stiffness measurement (LSM), platelet count, and, in some cases, BMI. We aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) at 100 Hz as a standalone non-invasive test for CSPH and to evaluate its incremental value compared with the ANTICIPATE±NASH model in patients with cACLD.METHODSFor this modelling study, patients were recruited from 16 expert centres in Europe. Patients who underwent characterisation by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and non-invasive tests (ie, LSM, platelet count, and SSM at 100 Hz) at one of the participating centres between Jan 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2023, were considered for inclusion. Only patients aged 18 years or older with Child-Pugh class A cACLD, shown by LSM 10 kPa or more or F3 or F4 fibrosis on liver histology, were included. The overall cohort was split into the derivation cohort (patients recruited between Jan 1, 2020, and Dec 31, 2022) and the temporal validation cohort (patients recruited between Jan 1, 2023, and Dec 31, 2023). The ANTICIPATE±NASH model was applied to assess individual CSPH probability and SSM was investigated as a standalone non-invasive test for CPSH; in combination with platelet count and BMI; and in a full model of SSM, LSM, platelet count, and BMI (ie, the Non-Invasive CSPH Estimated Risk [NICER] model). All models were binary logistic regression models. The primary outcome was CSPH. We evaluated the discriminative utility of the models by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and creating calibration plots and calibration of intercept, slope, and integrated calibration index.FINDINGS407 patients with cACLD were included, 202 (50%) in the derivation cohort and 205 (50%) in the validation cohort. Median age was 60·0 years (IQR 55·0-66·8); 275 (68%) of 407 patients were male and 132 (32%) were female. 164 (40%) of 407 patients had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), 133 (33%) had MASLD with increased alcohol intake or alcohol-related liver disease, 75 (18%) had viral hepatitis (61 [81%] of whom had sustained virologic response of hepatitis C virus or suppression of hepatitis B virus DNA), and 35 (9%) had other chronic liver diseases. 241 (59%) patients had CSPH. Median SSM was 45·0 kPa (32·1-65·4) and LSM was 21·4 kPa (14·1-31·6). SSM and LSM had similar AUCs for prediction of CSPH in the derivation cohort (0·779 [95% CI 0·717-0·842] vs 0·781 [0·718-0·844]; p=0·97) and in the validation cohort (0·830 [0·772-0·887] vs 0·804 [0·743-0·864]; p=0·50). The SSM-based model comprising platelet count and BMI had a similar AUC as the ANTICIPATE±NASH model in both the derivation cohort (0·849 [0·794-0·903] vs 0·849 [0·794-0·903]; p=0·999) and in the validation cohort (0·873 [0·819-0·922] vs 0·863 [0·810","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spleen stiffness in portal hypertension algorithms: the next advance.","authors":"Cristina Rigamonti","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00249-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00249-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability of point-of-care HBV tests in resource-limited settings.","authors":"Daryl T Y Lau,Kathy Jackson,Camila A Picchio,Anna Kramvis,Mark Sonderup,Maud Lemoine,Gail Matthews,Jessica Howell,Carla S Coffin,Margaret Hellard,Alice U Lee,David A Anderson,Helene A Kerth,El Eunyoung Lee,John E Tavis,Maura Dandri,Peter A Revill,C Wendy Spearman,Capucine Penicaud,Massimo Levrero,Manal El-Sayed,","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00308-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00308-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is computer-aided diagnosis living up to its promise?","authors":"Quirine E W van der Zander","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00271-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00271-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer-aided diagnosis for the resect-and-discard strategy for colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cesare Hassan,Tommy Rizkala,Yuichi Mori,Marco Spadaccini,Masashi Misawa,Giulio Antonelli,Emanuele Rondonotti,Evelien Dekker,Britt B S L Houwen,Oliver Pech,Sebastian Baumer,James Weiquan Li,Daniel von Renteln,Claire Haumesser,Roberta Maselli,Antonio Facciorusso,Loredana Correale,Maddalena Menini,Alessandro Schilirò,Kareem Khalaf,Harsh Patel,Dhruvil K Radadiya,Pradeep Bhandari,Shin-Ei Kudo,Shahnaz Sultan,Per Olav Vandvik,Prateek Sharma,Douglas K Rex,Farid Foroutan,Alessandro Repici,","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00222-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00222-x","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe resect-and-discard strategy allows endoscopists to replace post-polypectomy pathology with real-time prediction of polyp histology during colonoscopy (optical diagnosis). We aimed to investigate the benefits and harms of implementing computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) for polyp pathology into the resect-and-discard strategy.METHODSIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from database inception to June 5, 2024, without language restrictions, for diagnostic accuracy studies that assessed the performance of real-time CADx systems, compared with histology, for the optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps (≤5 mm) in the entire colon. We synthesised data for three strategies: CADx-alone, CADx-unassisted, and CADx-assisted; when the endoscopist was involved in the optical diagnosis, we synthesised data exclusively from diagnoses for which confidence in the prediction was reported as high. The primary outcomes were the proportion of polyps that would have avoided pathological assessment (ie, the proportion optically diagnosed with high confidence; main benefit) and the proportion of polyps incorrectly predicted due to false positives and false negatives (main harm), directly compared between CADx-assisted and CADx-unassisted strategies. We used DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model to calculate all outcomes. We used Higgins I2 to assess heterogeneity, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to rate certainty, and funnel plots and Egger's test to examine publication bias. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42024508440.FINDINGSWe found 1019 studies, of which 11 (7400 diminutive polyps, 3769 patients, and 185 endoscopists) were included in the final meta-analysis. Three studies (1817 patients and 4086 polyps [2148 neoplastic and 1938 non-neoplastic]) provided data to directly compare the primary outcome measures between the CADx-unassisted and CADx-assisted strategies. We found no significant difference between the CADx-assisted and CADx-unassisted strategies for the proportion of polyps that would have avoided pathological assessment (90% [88-93], 3653 [89·4%] of 4086 polyps diagnosed with high confidence vs 90% [95% CI 85-94], 3588 [87·8%] of 4086 polyps diagnosed with high confidence; risk ratio 1·01 [95% CI 0·99-1·04; I2=53·49%; low-certainty evidence; Egger's test p=0·18). The proportion of incorrectly predicted polyps was lower with the CADx-assisted strategy than with the CADx-unassisted strategy (12% [95% CI 7-17], 523 [14·3%] of 3653 polyps incorrectly predicted with a CADx-assisted strategy vs 13% [6-20], 582 [16·2%] of 3588 polyps incorrectly diagnosed with a CADx-unassisted strategy; risk ratio 0·88 [95% CI 0·79-0·98]; I2=0·00%; low-certainty evidence; Egger's test p=0·18).INTERPRETATIONCADx did not produce benefit nor harm for the resect-and-discard strategy, questioning its value in clinical practice. Improving the accuracy and explain","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global differences in the management of alcohol-associated hepatitis.","authors":"Hanna Blaney,Luis Antonio Díaz,Nhi Li,Gurpreet Malhi,Rokhsana Mortuza,Xiaolong Qi,Anand V Kulkarni,Ramon Bataller,Joaquin Cabezas,Alexandre Louvet,Elliot B Tapper,Juan Pablo Arab","doi":"10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00232-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00232-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted adenoma detection in people with Lynch syndrome.","authors":"Carol A Burke, Carole Macaron, Aparajita Singh","doi":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00223-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00223-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":30.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 21-year follow-up of the UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Kate Wooldrage, Emma C Robbins, Stephen W Duffy, Amanda J Cross","doi":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00190-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00190-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality; however, uncertainty exists about the duration of protection and differences by sex and age. We assessed effects of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening after 21 years' follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial is a multicentre randomised controlled trial that recruited men and women aged 55-64 years from general practices serving 14 hospitals. Among participants indicating that they would attend flexible sigmoidoscopy screening if invited, randomisation (2:1) to the control (no further contact) or intervention (invited to once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening) group was performed centrally in blocks of 12, stratified by centre, general practice, and household type. Masking of intervention was infeasible. Primary outcomes were colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. The Kaplan-Meier method estimated cumulative incidence. Primary analyses estimated intention-to-treat hazard ratios (HRs) and risk differences, overall and stratified by subsite, sex, and age. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, number 28352761.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among participants recruited between Nov 14, 1994, and March 30, 1999, 170 432 were eligible and 113 195 were randomly assigned to the control group and 57 237 were randomly assigned to the intervention group. 406 participants were excluded from analyses (268 in the control group and 138 in the intervention group), leaving 112 927 participants in the control group (55 336 [49%] men and 57 591 [51%] women) and 57 099 in the intervention group (27 966 [49%] men and 29 103 [51%] women). Of participants who were invited to be screened, 40 624 (71%) attended screening. Median follow-up was 21·3 years (IQR 18·0-22·2). In the invited-to-screening group, colorectal cancer incidence was reduced compared with the control group (1631 vs 4201 cases; cumulative incidence at 21 years was 3·18% [95% CI 3·03 to 3·34] vs 4·16% [4·04 to 4·29]; HR 0·76 [95% CI 0·72 to 0·81]) with 47 fewer cases per 100 000 person-years (95% CI -56 to -37). Colorectal cancer mortality was also reduced in the invited-to-screening group compared with the control group (502 vs 1329 deaths; cumulative incidence at 21 years was 0·97% [0·88 to 1·06] vs 1·33% [1·26 to 1·40]; HR 0·75 [0·67 to 0·83]) with 16 fewer deaths per 100 000 person-years (-21 to -11). Effects were particularly evident in the distal colorectum (726 incident cancer cases in the invited-to-screening group vs 2434 cases in the control group; HR 0·59 [0·54 to 0·64]; 47 fewer cases per 100 000 person-years [-54 to -41]; 196 cancer deaths in the invited-to-screening group vs 708 deaths in the control group; HR 0·55 [0·47 to 0·64]; 15 fewer deaths per 100 000 person-years [-19 to -12]) and not the proximal colon (871 incident cancer cases in the invited-to-screening group vs 1749 cases in the control group; HR 0·98","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":30.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C epidemic among Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar: a public health emergency.","authors":"Udani Samarasekera","doi":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00230-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00230-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56028,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":30.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}