Australasian Emergency Care最新文献

{"title":"Teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation using virtual reality: A randomized study","authors":"P.M. Alcázar Artero ,&nbsp;R. Greif ,&nbsp;J.J. Cerón Madrigal ,&nbsp;D. Escribano ,&nbsp;M.T. Pérez Rubio ,&nbsp;M.E. Alcázar Artero ,&nbsp;P. López Guardiola ,&nbsp;M. Mendoza López ,&nbsp;R. Melendreras Ruiz ,&nbsp;M. Pardo Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The main functions of healthcare professionals include training and health education. In this sense, we must be able to incorporate new technologies and serious game to the teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>a multicenter, comparative and cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the learning of resuscitation of a group that was trained with the use of serious gaming with virtual reality, as compared to a control group trained with conventional classroom teaching.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>the mean quality obtained in chest compressions for the virtual reality group was 86.1 % (SD 9.3), and 74.8 % (SD 9.5) for the control group [mean difference 11.3 % (95 % CI 6.6–16.0), p &lt; 0.001]. Salivary Alpha-Amylase was 218.882 (SD 177.621) IU/L for the virtual reality group and 155.190 (SD 116.746) IU/L for the control group [mean difference 63.691 (95 % CI 122.998–4.385), p = 0.037].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>using virtual reality and serious games can improve the quality parameters of chest compressions as compared to traditional training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"27 1","pages":"Pages 57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10526684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of self-harm presentations to the emergency department of the Royal Melbourne Hospital, 2012–2019: Data from the Self-Harm Monitoring System for Victoria","authors":"Katrina Witt ,&nbsp;Gowri Rajaram ,&nbsp;Michelle Lamblin ,&nbsp;Jonathan Knott ,&nbsp;Angela Dean ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Spittal ,&nbsp;Greg Carter ,&nbsp;Andrew Page ,&nbsp;Jane Pirkis ,&nbsp;Jo Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rates of self-harm and suicide are increasing world-wide, particularly in young females. Emergency departments<span> (EDs) are a common first point-of-contact for young people who self-harm. We examined age- and sex-related differences in: (1) rates of self-harm over an eight-year period; (2) changes in demographic, presentation, and treatment characteristics over this period, and; (3) rates of, and time to, self-harm re-presentation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective observational study of all self-harm presentations in persons aged nine years and older to the Royal Melbourne Hospital ED over an eight-year period, 1 January 2012–31 December 2019. The Royal Melbourne Hospital is one of the largest and busiest public EDs in Melbourne, Australia and serves a primary catchment area of approximately 1.5 million people.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 551,692 presentations to the Royal Melbourne Hospital ED over this period (57.6 % by females). Of these, 7736 (1.4 %) were self-harm related. These self-harm presentations involved 5428 individuals (54.8 % female), giving an overall repetition event-rate of 11.2 %. Self-harm related presentations increased by 5 % per year (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.02–1.08); a 44 % increase over the eight-year period (IRR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.15–1.80). This increase was more pronounced for young people aged&lt; 25 years. The most common method was self-poisoning, primarily by anxiolytics or analgesics. The proportion of presentations involving self-poisoning alone declined modestly over time, whilst the proportion involving self-injury alone increased. For just over half of all presentations the person was seen by ED mental health staff. The median time to first re-presentation was 4.5 months (Inter-Quartile Range [IQR] 0.7–13.2 months).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Rates of hospital presenting self-harm may be increasing, particularly amongst young people, whilst most self-harm presentations occurred outside office hours; so appropriate ED staffing, training and clinical care models are needed. Around half of those with a repeat episode of self-harm repeated within three months of their index (i.e., first recorded) presentation. Efforts to establish appropriate aftercare services, including alternatives to ED services with service availability 24 h a day 7 days a week, aimed at reducing repetition rates, should be prioritised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace sense of belonging and paramedic wellbeing using network analysis: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Helen M. Stallman ,&nbsp;Natalie Dodd ,&nbsp;Matthew Warren-James ,&nbsp;Belinda Chiera","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Workplace sense of belonging is an important contributor to health and wellbeing. It may be even more important for paramedics to buffer against distress inherent in the workplace. To date, however, there has been no research on paramedic workplace sense of belonging and wellbeing.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using network analysis, this study aimed to identify the dynamic relationships of workplace sense of belonging in paramedics with variables associated with wellbeing and ill-being—identity, coping self-efficacy and unhealthy coping. Participants were a convenience sample of 72 employed paramedics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed workplace sense of belonging linked to other variables through distress, distinguishable by the relationship with unhealthy coping for wellbeing and ill-being. The relationships between identity (perfectionism and sense of self) as well as the relationship between perfectionism and unhealthy coping were stronger for those with ill-being than observed for those with wellbeing.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results identified the mechanisms by which the paramedicine workplace can contribute to distress and unhealthy coping strategies, which can lead to mental illnesses. They also highlight contributions of individual components of sense of belonging highlighting potential targets for interventions to reduce the risk of psychological distress and unhealthy coping amongst paramedics in the workplace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 254-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10289915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between initial presenting level of consciousness and patient acuity – A potential application for secondary triage in emergency ambulance calls","authors":"Jason Belcher ,&nbsp;Judith Finn ,&nbsp;Austin Whiteside ,&nbsp;Stephen Ball","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Conscious state assessment is important for the triage of emergency patients. In this study, we measured the association between ambulance patients’ conscious state and high versus lower acuity, with a view to informing telephone triage assessment of conscious state.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Data were analysed from one year of emergency ambulance incidents in Perth, Western Australia. Patient conscious state at the time of </span>paramedic arrival was compared to acuity (based on paramedic assessment and management). We determined the proportion of high-acuity patients across six levels of consciousness (Alert, Confused, Drowsy, Voice Response, Pain Response, Unresponsive) overall, and within individual protocols of the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>The proportion of high acuity patients increased with each step across the consciousness scale. Applying conscious state as a binary predictor of acuity, the largest increases occurred moving the threshold from Alert to Confused (22.0–48.6% high acuity) and Drowsy to Voice Response (61.9–89.5% high acuity). The </span>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic was 0.65. Within individual protocols, the highest AUC was in Cardiac Arrest (0.89), Overdose/Poisoning (0.81), Unknown Problem (0.76), Diabetic Problem, (0.74) and Convulsions/Fitting (0.73); and lowest in Heart problems (0.55), Abdominal Pain (0.55), Breathing Problems (0.55), </span>Back Pain<span> (0.53), and Chest Pain (0.52).</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on these proportions of high acuity patients, it is reasonable to consider patients with any altered conscious state a high priority. The value of conscious state assessment for predicting acuity varies markedly between MPDS protocols. These findings could help inform secondary triage of ambulance patients during the emergency call.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older patients’ perceptions of the Swedish ambulance service: A qualitative exploratory study","authors":"Andreas Rantala ,&nbsp;Anders Sterner ,&nbsp;Catharina Frank ,&nbsp;Elsa Heinrich ,&nbsp;Bodil Holmberg","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>As worldwide life expectancy increases, the Swedish Ambulance Service is likely to be affected by the demographic shift towards a larger proportion of older persons. An older population tends to increase the demand for ambulances, indicating a need to illuminate older patients’ perspective. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore older patients’ perceptions of the Swedish Ambulance Service.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This interview study employed a descriptive qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach in accordance with Dahlgren and Fallsberg.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three main descriptive categories emerged to describe the underlying conceptions in the interviews; <em>A double-edged encounter, Trust is created by perceived competence</em>, and <em>Safety through accessibility in vulnerable situations.</em></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Older patients described trust in ambulance clinicians as a prerequisite for feeling safe enough to share their feelings and allow a bodily examination. However, they also criticized the care provided because they questioned the need for certain actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 249-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of open limb fractures attended by ambulance clinicians in the out-of-hospital setting: A retrospective analysis","authors":"Brendan V. Schultz ,&nbsp;Kerrianne Watt ,&nbsp;Stephen Rashford ,&nbsp;James Wylie ,&nbsp;Emma Bosley","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Open limb fractures<span> are a time-critical orthopaedic emergency that present to jurisdictional ambulance services. This study describes the demographic characteristics and epidemiological profile of these patients</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We undertook a retrospective analysis of all patients that presented to Queensland Ambulance Service with an open limb fracture (fracture to the humerus, radius/ulna, tibia/fibula or femur) over a two-year period (January 2018 – December 2019).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Overall, 1020 patients were included. Patients were mainly male (65.9%) and middle-aged (age 41 years, IQR 22–59). Fractures predominately occurred in the lower extremities (64.9%) with transport crashes the primary mechanism of injury (47.8%). The location of the fracture varied depending on the cause of injury, with femur fractures associated with motorcycle crashes, and fractures to the radius/ulna attributed to falls of greater than one metre (</span><em>p</em><span><span> = 0.001). The median prehospital episode of care was 83 min (IQR 62–144) with aeromedical air ambulance involvement and the attendance of a critical care </span>paramedic or emergency physician, both independent factors that increased this time interval.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Open limb fractures are a relatively infrequent injury presentation encountered by ambulance clinicians. The characteristics of these patients is consistent with previously described national and international out-of-hospital trauma cohorts</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older women's view on frailty and an Emergency Department evidence-based Frailty Intervention Team (FIT) program: An evaluation using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance RE-AIM framework","authors":"Kristie J. Harper ,&nbsp;Melinda Williamson ,&nbsp;Deborah Edwards ,&nbsp;Jenna Haak ,&nbsp;Annette Barton ,&nbsp;Susan Slatyer","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Older women have higher levels of frailty resulting in disability and reduced </span>quality of life<span>. Presentation to an Emergency Department (ED) is an opportunity to address frailty and provide tailored interventions to promote function. An ED allied health team integrated frailty assessment and interventions into care through a ‘Frailty Intervention Team’ (FIT) program.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A prospective study informed by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to evaluate the FIT program tailored to female older adults. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the FIT program over a three-month period and use the findings to further develop the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Over three-months, 192 older females (<u>&gt;</u>70 years) were identified with mild frailty and discharged directly home. Ninety percent were offered the FIT program with 83.3 % accepting all recommended frailty management strategies. Ninety percent of patients were satisfied with the FIT program, however staff and patient barriers to provision of frailty services were identified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The FIT program was largely adopted by staff and accepted by older female patients with mild frailty in the ED. However, program effectiveness was limited by gaps in communication about frailty in the ED and implementation of frailty management strategies after discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a pragmatic emergency department patients’ own medications (POM) procedure to improve medication safety: An interrupted time series","authors":"Simone E. Taylor ,&nbsp;Emily Joules ,&nbsp;Andrew Harding","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients’ Own Medications (POMs) are useful to inform clinical decision-making, best possible medication history documentation, and ensure timely medication administration. A procedure was developed for managing POMs specifically in the emergency department<span> (ED) and short stay unit. This study evaluated the impact of this procedure on process and patient safety outcomes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An interrupted time-series was undertaken in a metropolitan ED/short stay unit between November 2017 and September 2021. Pre-implementation and during each of four post-implementation time-periods, data were collected at unannounced times on approximately 100 patients taking medications prior to presentation. Endpoints included proportion of patients with POMs stored in green POMs bags, in standardised locations, and proportion who self-medicated without nurses knowing.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Following procedure implementation, POMs were stored in standardised locations for 45.9 % of patients. Proportion of patients with POMs stored in green bags increased from 6.9 % to 48.2 % (difference 41.3 %, p &lt; 0.001). Patient self-administration without nurses’ knowledge declined from 10.3 % to 2.3 % (difference 8.0 %, p = 0.015). POMs were infrequently left in ED/short stay unit after discharge.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The procedure has standardised POMs storage, but room for further improvement remains. Although POMs were not locked away and were readily available to clinicians, patient self-medication without nurses’ knowledge declined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 271-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unscheduled emergency department presentations with diabetes: Identifying high risk characteristics","authors":"Julie Gale ,&nbsp;Wayne Varndell ,&nbsp;Steven James ,&nbsp;Lin Perry","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Unscheduled emergency department (ED) presentation by patients with diabetes has seldom been examined. This study aimed to determine the frequency and associated characteristics of presentations in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a prospective cross-sectional design, data were collected from patients with diabetes presenting and/or admitted to a tertiary metropolitan hospital in New South Wales, Australia (December 2016-September 2017). A screening interview including brief measures of cognitive and executive function, and clinical details from healthcare records were utilised; details around unscheduled presentations within 90 days were extracted. Independent associations with ED presentation were determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Unscheduled ED presentations were common; 35.4% had at least one within 90 days, and for 20.1% this occurred within 28 days. The screening tool contributed little towards identifying risk of unscheduled presentation. Those attending any community or outpatient follow-up appointment within the first 28 (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.76; p = 0.004) or 90 days (OR 0.25; 0.13–0.47; p &lt; 0.001) from the index presentation were less likely to present within that same period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings indicated the magnitude of unscheduled ED presentation, care complexity and the value of targeted and timely follow-up. Alternative service support may help maintain and improve diabetes self-management and will require effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on revisits to emergency department","authors":"Myeong Namgung ,&nbsp;Dong Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Sung Jin Bae ,&nbsp;Ho Sub Chung ,&nbsp;Keon Kim ,&nbsp;Choung Ah Lee ,&nbsp;Duk Ho Kim ,&nbsp;Eui Chung Kim ,&nbsp;Jee Yong Lim ,&nbsp;Sang Soo Han ,&nbsp;Yoon Hee Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.auec.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study presents the impact of COVID-19 on revisits to the emergency department comparing revisit rates and characteristics between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multi-center retrospective study included patients over 18 years of age who visited emergency departments during the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 pandemic. The revisit rates were analyzed according to five age groups; 18–34, 35–49, 50–64, 65–79, and ≥ 80 years, and three revisit time intervals; 3, 9, and 30 days. Also, we compared the diagnosis and disposition at revisit between the study periods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The revisit rates increased with age in both study periods and the revisit rates among all age groups were higher in the COVID-19 period. The proportion of infectious and respiratory diseases decreased during the COVID-19 period. The ICU admission rate and mortality at the revisit among patients aged ≥ 80 years were lower in the COVID-19 period than in the pre-COVID-19 period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The revisit rates increased with age in both study periods and there were several changes in the diagnosis and disposition at the revisit in the COVID-19 period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55979,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Emergency Care","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9874043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}