Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Polymorphism of buckwheat seed storage proteins in cultivar groups, differing by their morphotype","authors":"Ye. V. Zaika, N. Kozub, I. Sozinov, G. Bidnyk, P. Karazhbey","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP6.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP6.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study polymorphism of buckwheat seed proteins in cultivar groups of different morphotypes by the color of corolla. Methods. Electrophoresis by Laemmli method in 17.5 % separating PAAG gel. Results. Electrophoresis spectrum variants with the incidence from 1 to 76 %, common for buckwheat cultivar groups, which are different in their morphotype, were revealed. The obtained results demonstrate a particular level of heterogeneity by the revealed variants in each investigated group of buckwheat genotypes. Variants 2h and 4f, occurring with the incidence of 10 % and 8 % respectively, and specifi c for green-fl owered group of buckwheat cultivars, were also revealed. Conclusions. Different incidence of electrophoresis spectrum components in buckwheat morphotypes, different in fl ower coloring, demonstrates probable different selective value of genes, which control the synthesis of these components or their relation to the genes, closely bound to them. Taking this fact into consideration, buckwheat seed\u0000proteins may be molecular and genetic markers for identifi cation of some buckwheat morphotypes, which may be used in breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal anomalies in dairy cattle as reasons of impaired fertility","authors":"V. Dzitsiuk, H. Tipilo","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP6.01.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP6.01.060","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The evaluation of animals for the presence of chromosomal anomalies is one of the main tasks of prac- tical selection, aimed at detecting undesired chromosomal anomalies in early age, which may have negative impact on the reproductive and productive capability of cows and lead to considerable economic losses. The aim of the work is a cytogenetic analysis of the chromosome set in cows of Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy cattle breed, which will allow assuming a decrease in reproductive functions with chromosomal aberrations. Methods. We examined 53 cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy cattle breed in SE Research Farm Khrystynivske, IABG named after M.V. Zubets, NAAS. The investigation of chromosomal anomalies involved 72-h cultivation of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of animals using the common methods. During a routine analysis the preparations were stained with 2 % Giemsa staining solution. The induction of G-bands for differential staining of chromosomes was conducted using 0.25 % solution\u0000of trypsin. The processing of study results was performed with Microsoft Excel software package. Results. The investigations in the aberration spectrum detected aneuploid and polyploid cells, breaks and fragments of chromosomes, premature chromo- some disjunction in mitosis and translocation. The total number of aberrant cells in cows with decreased fertil- ity was 14.69 ± 0.56 %, the number of aberrations per one investigated cell was 0.144, which was almost twice reliably (Р < 0.999) exceeding the values of similar features for cows which did not have problems with repro- duction. GTG-banding method was used to detect a new RT 13/23 Robertsonian translocation. Conclusions. The cytogenetic analysis of chromosome set of Ukrainian Red-and-Motley dairy breed cows allows assuming the connection between a decrease in the fertility of cows and chromosomal instability. A routine screening of dairy cows allows both evaluating the karyotype saturation with undesired chromosomal aberrations and using the obtained\u0000results to forecast the reproductive ability of an animal in the early age.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47054478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite agroecological monitoring within the system of sustainable environmental management","authors":"O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, T. Kuchma, I. Novakovska","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP6.01.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP6.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite data are a relevant part of information, required for sustainable environmental management, assessment of the impact of economic activity of ecosystems, determination of risks, related to global climate changes, desertifi cation processes, loss of landscape and biotic diversity. Aim. To substantiate the reasonability and prove the effi ciency of using satellite data in the agroecologic monitoring system regarding the impact of climate changes on vegetation, processes of soil erosion degradation, and assessment of landscape diversity. Methods. The study was conducted in the territory of Ukraine. It involved the application of SWOT and Gap-analysis methodology, materials of NOAA satellite observa- tions, Sentinel, different spatial resolution, methodological and regulatory provision of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Economics of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences regarding satellite monitoring of the structure of agrolandscapes, norms of establishing a network of testing\u0000agrarian grounds, list of vegetation state indicators, in par- ticular, “Remote sensing of the Earth from space. Land data about controlling the condition of plantings and performance of agricultural crops. General requirements: DSTU 7307:2013”, “Remote sensing of the Earth from space. Ground in- spection of plantings. Classifi er of objects and functions: SUC 01.1-37-907:2011”, “Methodological recommendations on establishing the network of testing agrarian grounds in the system of monitoring of plantings using the materials of cosmic information”. The investigation on the impact of climate changes on vegetation state was conducted on the territory of three natural-climatic zones which were geographically represented by Chernihiv, Poltava and Zaporizhzhia regions re- spectively. The determination of the threat of erosion degradation of arable lands and landscape diversity was performed on the territory of two administrative districts with high level of ploughness of agrolandscapes, intense agrarian produc-\u0000tion and manifestation of erosion degradation of lands. Results. Inadequacy of the traditional system of agroecological monitoring was determined. It was proven that it was reasonable to have comprehensive application of satellite data regarding climate warming within the natural climatic zones and its impact on vegetation according to the normalized dif- ference vegetation index (NDVI), erosion degradation of soils and landscape diversity. According to satellite data of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the correlation analysis was performed on the connection between the dynamics of the sum of effective temperatures and the sum of NDVI values for the vegetation period. There was positive impact of climate warming on vegetation state according to NDVI index in the zone of Polissia and Forest- Steppe. The correlation coeffi cients were R = 0.64 and R = 0.77 respectively. In the Steppe zone the correlation coeffi cient drop","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of amino acid content of grain of new wheat varieties and lines","authors":"H. Hospodarenko, V. Karpenko, V. Liubych, V. Novikov","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the formation of bound amino acids in grain of new wheat varieties and its biological value. Methods. Field, physical-chemical, computational, analysis. Results. The differences in amino acid composi- tion of new varieties and lines of wheat were analyzed. It was established that the highest content of essential amino acids was in the grain of the Kulundynka variety (5.18 %) or 2.5 times higher compared to the standard (2.99 %). Their content in the grain of soft wheat, obtained by the hybridization of Triticum aestivum L./Triti- cum spelta L., was 1.4–1.5 times higher compared to the control. The grain of the soft variety Kulundynka had the highest biological value as the score of essential amino acids was not defi cient and the remaining varieties were defi cient in 2–5 amino acids. Only methionine was defi cient in the grain of soft wheat lines (AAS = 64– 74 %). Conclusions. The content of amino acids in soft wheat grain depends considerably on weather condi- tions, selective-genetic\u0000origin of the variety and the line. Glutamic acid, proline, and leucine were found to be most abundant. Out of nine samples of soft wheat tested, only the seed of the Kulundynka variety had a non- defi cient amino acid score (91–298 %), and in the Pannonikus variety methionine was limited (49 %). The best balanced content of amino acids is present in the grain of non-spelt lines, obtained by hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L., namely Р 7 and LPP 1314. The grain of these lines has a non-defi cient amino acid score, more methionine (AAS = 64–74 %), and supplies human daily requirement in the best way. The grain has a high index of complex estimation and metabolization coeffi cient for essential amino acids.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivation of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in mammalian continuous cell lines","authors":"I. Volkova, L. Reshot'ko, T. Bova, O. Dmytruk, S. Derev'ianko","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To use the ability of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to infect and multiply in mammalian continuous cell lines to purify PLRV isolates from the vegetative plant material, and to study the pathogenicity of those isolates for plants (after culturing in mammalian continuous cell line), to investigate morphological, physical-chemical, biological and antigen properties of PLRV isolates from mammalian cells and to study an alternative diagnostic method – the neutralization test in the mammalian continuous cell lines. Methods. The methods of cultivating animal viruses in the mammalian continuous cell line, microscopical biochemical, and serological methods, the method of artifi cial nutrition of aphids are detailed under Material and Methods. Results. It was demonstrated that successful cultivation of PLRV in mammalian continuous cell line allowed obtaining pure virus isolates from potato plants and aphids and preserving them for a long time (over a period of 7 years). The cultivation of PLRV in the mammalian\u0000continuous cell line did not impact its pathogenic properties and allowed transmitting the virus to plants. Continuous cells lines of pig embryonic kidney (PEKV), of kidney Syrian hamster (BHK- 21), of testicles of piglets (PTP), of kidneys of the bull (MDBC), and of carcinoma rabbit kidney (RK-13) were found to be sensitive to PLRV, Con tinuous cell lines of human (HeLa, Hep-2 and of African green monkey kidney (Vero) were not infected by the virus. The infectious activity of PLRV in the sensitive continuous cell lines was 20–8.5 lg TCD 50 /ml depending on the cell line. The isolates of PLRV were resistant to lipid- dissolving solvents, multiplied in a pH range from 4.0 till 10.0 and were thermoresistant at 50 oС in the absence of bivalent ions of magnesium, ТIP was in the range of 60–65 oС under our experimental conditions. The optimal temperature for the reproduction of PLRV in the cell culture was c. 24 °С. The use of neutralization test in the mammalian continuous cell line allowed isolation in pure\u0000culture and identifi cation of PLRV reliably in a time span of c. 14 days. Conclusions. It was proven that PLRV can be cultivated in the mammalian continuous cell lines of PEKV, ВНК-21, PTV, MDВК and RK-13. It was established that the cultivation of PLRV in these continuous cell lines did not impact its biological, pathogenic, antigenic and physical-chemical properties. The identifi cation of pure cultures of PLRV obtained in mammalian cells can be reliably performed by the use of neutralization reaction.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46173592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of feeding male rats F2 with different doses of germanium citrate on the content of traceelements in their tissues and organs","authors":"R. Fedoruk, U. Tesarivska, M. Khrabko, M. Tsap, H. Denys","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the impact of the dose of germanium citrate on the distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in tissues and organs of male F 2 rats. Methods. Physiological, biochemical, clinical, statistical. Results. It was established that there were changes in the content of Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn in soft tissues and their distribution in liver, kidneys and lungs of male F 2 rats. It was demonstrated that these changes were mostly conditioned by organ-tissue specifi cities of functioning of some physiological systems of the organism, and less condition- ed – by the dose of germanium (10, 20 and 200 μg/kg of bodyweight). More vividly expressed changes in the content of these elements were established for kidneys at the effect of all the applied doses, and less express- ed – for liver and lungs. A positive impact of germanium citrate on the content of Cu, Co, Mn and Zn in the muscle tissues was determined at the effect of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge, and as for Fe – 20 and 200 μg. The differences in the weight of liver,\u0000kidneys and lungs of rats of experimental and control groups were determined which eliminated the intergroup differences in the absolute content of the investigated microelements in liver, kidneys and lungs. The mentioned differences were more expressed for the absolute content of Cu in liver, Mn – in kidneys and lungs. Conclusions. Long-term introduction of germanium citrate into the organism of rats of generation F 2 with water in the amount of 10, 20 and 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight is characterized by the changes in the content of Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Zn both per one unit of soft tissue weight and their absolute content in the internal organs. The biological effect of germanium citrate is more expressed in the dose of 200 μg Ge/kg of the bodyweight, which conditions the increase in the content of Cu and Zn in all the investigated tissues of rats of this group at the background of the decreased level of Co in liver at the effect of 20 and 200 μg Ge, and at the effect of all the administered doses in kidneys\u0000and lungs. The level of Mn increased reliably in the muscle tissues of male F 2 rats at the effect of all the administered doses of Ge, Co 20 and 200 μg, Fe 10 and 20 μg, and Zn 10 and 200 μg Ge, which testifi es to the differences in the regulatory impact of NGeC on the level of investigated microelements in the muscle tissues of rats.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of potato varieties for multiple resistance to Synchytrium endobioticum in the western region of Ukraine","authors":"A. Zelya, G. Zelya, T. Oliynyk, L. Pylypenko, M. Solomiyciuk, R. Kordulean, A. Skoreyko, Yu. Bunduc, V. Ghunchak","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate potato breeding material for resistance to pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival (1909) known to be present in Ukraine (pathotypes 1(D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22); to identify resistant registered and potential varieties for the usage in the national wart disease eradication programs and to recommend these se- lected (potential and registered) potato varieties for the breeding program targeted on the development of multiple resistance against pathotypes of S. endobioticum present in Ukraine. Methods. Evaluation of the potato breeding material and registered potato varieties for the resistance against common pathotype 1 (D 1 ) and four aggressive pa- thotypes of S. endobioticum (pathotypes 11, 13, 18 and 22) in climatic chamber and greenhouse tests of Ukrainian Scientifi c Research Plant Quarantine Station of Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (Boyany, Ukraine) following the Spieckermann and Glynne-Lemmerzahl methods (EPPO Standard PM7/28(2)). Field trials on naturally\u0000infected soils were conducted according to standard methods adapted to national requirements in the area of Chernivtsi, Zakarpattia and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. Results. 3,736 samples of potato breeding material from six breeding institutions of Ukraine were tested for resistance against S. endobioticum during 2011–2017 in the western region of the country. Among all samples tested, 3,389 were identifi ed as resistant to the widely spread pathotype 1 in the preliminary climatic chamber and greenhouse tests, and 130 of them proved to be resistant under fi eld conditions. Five out of 41 Ukrainian registered potato varieties (Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka) were found to be resistant to all 5 pathotypes tested (1 (D 1 ), 11, 13, 18 and 22). Conclusions. The 130 samples of potato breed- ing material (which were found to be resistant against the common pathotype 1 of S. endobioticum in the laboratory, greenhouse as well as in the fi eld trials) were recommended for the state variety registration\u0000and further usage in an eradication program to localize potato wart outbreaks of the western part of Ukraine. The screening tests revealed that the national breeding program targeted on resistance against S. endobioticum pathotype 11 was the most effec- tive (49 % of samples tested proved to be resistant against this pathotype), whereas it was the least effective against pathotype 18, namely only 30 % of samples resistant. It was speculated that such a dissimilarity may be related to the differences in the genetic material used in the breeding process at various institutions, and which may be the subject of further analysis in order to improve the results of breeding programs. The already registered potato variet- ies Bazys, Hlazurna, Solokha, Bozhedar and Santarka which were found to have a multiple resistance to common pathotype 1 and four local aggressive pathotypes of S. endobioticum (11, 13, 18 and 22) were recommended for use in the bree","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical-chemical composition and technological properties of demineralized milk whey received by membrane methods","authors":"I. Romanchuk, A. Minorova, N. Krushelnytska","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.033","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the composition and properties of the samples of cheese and acid milk whey, obtained in industrial conditions using a combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods. Methods. Determi- nation of physical-chemical indices using standard methods, study of functional-technological properties of demineralized whey by common methods. Results. It was established that there was high effi ciency of apply- ing membrane methods for processing of secondary resources in current conditions of raw materials source, which are presented by different kinds of milk whey, formed during cheese production. It was determined that processing of different kinds of whey using the combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods led to a considerable decrease in the content of ash compared to the initial whey. The level of demineraliza- tion of cheese whey may amount to 90 %, that of acid whey – 75 %. In addition to dry kinds of whey, liquid demineralized whey is of some interest for practical\u0000application, which may be used during the production of sour-milk and milk-containing drinks due to a high content of dry substances. It was found that the increase in protein content in dry demineralized whey, obtained using the complex of membrane methods of processing, led to a considerable increase in its foam-forming, moisture-retaining, fat-retaining and emulsifying abilities compared to milk whey, obtained by a traditional technology. Conclusions. It was established that dry demin- eralized whey, obtained by a combination of nanofi ltration and electrodialysis methods, had better organoleptic and physical-chemical indices compared to dry whey. The investigated industrial samples were remarkable for improved functional and technological properties which allows using them in the formulations of other food products.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42072612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils in the conditions of Carpathian region","authors":"O. Kachmar, O. Vavrynovych, A. Dubytska, V. Ivaniuk","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.047","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its\u0000density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility.\u0000Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44868250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of decreasing harmfulness of fusariosis agents in agrophytocenoses","authors":"V. Schwartau, O. Zozulia, L. Mykhalska, O. Sanin","doi":"10.15407/AGRISP5.03.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/AGRISP5.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"60 In recent years the problems of excessive eld infections due to fusariosis agents have risen to a dangerously high level. Every 2–4 years, up to 5–15 % of winter cereal elds perish due to root rot infections, primarily, fusarioses. Practically each year a considerable share of Ukrainian grain is ranked lower since the elds are infected with fusariosis and cereals are damaged by mycotoxins. Agrophytocenoses with Fusarium inoculum are contaminated at a global level. Rather low levels of controlling the disease using current agrotechnical and chemical protection means urge geneticists and breeders to create varieties and hybrids of cultivated plants, resistant to Fusarium species. However, the results of industrial experiments in all soil-climatic regions of Ukraine have demonstrated that novel genetic and biotechnological achievements and introduction of varieties/hybrids of cereals, resistant to fusariosis, cannot ensure a proper level of controlling the disease and a possibility of obtaining high quality grain. Thus, it is important to pay attention to all the constituents of the technologies of cultivating plants while elaborating the means of effective control over fusarioses in cereals, which has also been noted by prominent phytopathologists in their works – from classic (Bilay) to modern ones (Gagkaeva, Retman, McMullen) [1–12]. Some means of controlling fusarioses are not ef cient enough and thus cannot ensure a proper level of controlling the disease. Therefore, it is possible to achieve high and quality yields of cereals via complex application of different strategies of disease control: breeding resistant species/hybrids, agrotechnical means, rst and foremost, returning the plant production of the country to biologically substantiated crop rotations and applying highly ef cient fungicides, ensuring a better way of maintaining crop productiv© V. V. SCHWARTAU, O. L. ZOZULIA, L. M. MYKHALSKA, O. Yu. SANIN, 2018 ISSN: 2312-3370, Agricultural Science and Practice, 2018, Vol. 5, No. 3","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}