IMC Journal of Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Probiotics in gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review","authors":"Elizabeth A.K. Jones, A. Mitra, Anamika Bisht, Precious Patrick Ede, Faith Iseguede, E. Okoye","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death among children worldwide. It is a preventable and treatable disease, yet it affects 3 to 5 million children and is the cause of approximately 10% of hospitalizations globally. This systematic review aims to identify the effectiveness of probiotics in treating acute gastroenteritis in children globally and also to provide results of quality research to healthcare-related communities about possible therapies of the condition.\u0000\u0000Methods: This study follows the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews of 29 quantitative studies conducted between 2014-2023. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was conducted using CADIMA and a rating scale of 0 to 3 based on a few predetermined criteria.\u0000\u0000Results: Sample sizes varied from 29 to 1811, with a median of 200. Globally, there are mixed findings about the roles and benefits of probiotics to treat acute gastroenteritis in children. This is possibly due to the type of probiotic, the type of disease, and treatment adherence.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Findings from this systematic review suggest that probiotics play a crucial role in improving children’s health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to promote and implement the use of probiotic therapies in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis conditions in children.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.020\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Amal K. Mitra, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Jackson State University, 350 W. Woodrow Wilson Drive, Room 216 Jackson, MS 39213, USA. E-mail: amal.k.mitra@jsums.edu","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77895826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum adiponectin profile in obese \u0000Bangladeshi children attending \u0000an obesity clinic","authors":"PalashChandra Sutradhar, T. Haq, M. Hossain, M. Mustari, M. Hasanat, Md. Farid Uddin","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.019","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Childhood obesity plays major role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Serum adiponectin has been found to be associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. The study investigated the serum adiponectin levels and its relationship with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in Bangladeshi obese children.\u0000\u0000Material and methods: Overweight or obese children, between 6-18 years of age, attending the obesity clinic of the Department of Endocrinology, BSMMU were enrolled. Waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured and blood samples were taken for estimation of glucose, insulin, lipid profile and adiponectin. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum insulin and lipid profile were estimated by automated analyzer. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting insulin and fasting plasma glucose values. Serum adiponectin (total) was measured by ELISA method using DRG ELISA kit, Germany.\u0000\u0000Results:A total of 78 overweight or obese children of 6-18-year of age were enrolled. The mean (±SD) age of the study population was 12.22 ± 2.56 years and the mean BMI was 28.79 ± 4.54 kg/m2. Mean (±SD) serum adiponectin was 36.93 ± 17.85 µg/ml in 78 overweight/obese children. One way ANOVA showed no significant (P= 0.582) difference of adiponectin levels among children with overweight and different grades of obesity. There was no significant correlation between adiponectin and measures of generalized (r=0.035, p=0.763) or central (r=0.098, p=0.392) obesity. Also, no significant correlation was found between serum adiponectin level and any of cardiovascular risk factors of obesity or metabolic health.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The study showed high serum adiponectin level in obese Bangladeshi children. Also, no association was found between serum adiponectin levels with grades of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese children of Bangladesh. \u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.019\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Palash Chandra Sutradhar, Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Kotwali, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: palashdmc@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"451 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81686010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of high-level gentamicin resistant enterococci isolated from urine at a hospital in Pune, India","authors":"Nageswari R. Gandham, Shahzad Mirza, Chanda Vyawahare, Rajashri Patil, Sahjid Mukhida, Sriram Kannuri, Shalini Bhaumik","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Enterococci are one of the common organisms isolated from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections. Guidelines recommend testing enterococcifor susceptibility to high-level gentamicin (HLG) and streptomycin. The present study was planned to determine the susceptibility of uropathogenic enterococci to high-level gentamicin in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational research was carried out at a tertiary care hospital for two years on all isolated enterococci from urine specimens. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed as per standard methods. All the isolated enterococci were tested for high level gentamicin ((120µg) resistance and susceptibility to other recommended antimicrobial agents by standard methods. Results: A total of 320 uropathogenic enterococci were isolated and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The majority of enterococci were isolated from elderly (34.06%) and admitted patients (69.06%). A total of 68.4% isolated enterococci were HLG resistant. HLG resistant enterococci were highly resistant to erythromycin (96.3%), ciprofloxacin (96.8%) and nalidixic acid (97.7%). Enterococci sensitive to HLG were significantly (p <0.05) less resistant to the other antimicrobial agents except nalidixic acid. Only 20.5% isolated Enterococci were resistant to vancomycin. All isolated enterococci were susceptible to linezolid. Conclusion: The study demonstrated high prevalence of HLG resistant enterococci causing UTI in our hospital setting. Compared to HLG sensitive enterococci, HLG resistant enterococci were more resistant to other antimicrobial agents tested. The findings highlight the need for mandatory testing of enterococci for HLG resistance to determine effective antimicrobials for treatment. IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.018 *Correspondence: Dr. Sahjid Mukhida, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: drssmukhida@rediffmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in pre-mass vaccination era among children residing in a rural area of Bangladesh","authors":"M. Mohsena, A. Mitra, M. Sayeed, A. Banu, J. Haq","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: There are few details available regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general Bangladeshi population. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HBV infection in children and adolescents who were born before the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The objective of the current study was to use archived data to describe the seroepidemiology of HBV infection (HBsAg and anti-HBc Antibody) among school children in a particular rural area of Bangladesh. Also, the study correlated serum vitamin A level with the HBV infection status among a subset of children.\u0000\u0000Materials and method: The study analyzed the archived data of a study conducted in 2003 and 2004. The samples were collected from 1995 children, aged 5 to 15 years, from a purposively selected rural area located about 100 km north-east of capital Dhaka. HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) and anti-HBc antibody were determined by ELISA method. Vitamin A (retinol) in blood was assayed by HPLC technique. The prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc antibody was determined by simple percentages. All associations between different characteristics were tested by Chi square test.\u0000\u0000Results: Of the total 1995 children, 988 (49.5%) and 1007 (50.5%) were male and female respectively. Among them, 23 (1.2%) were HBsAg positive or HBV carriers and 79 (8.1%) were anti-HBc antibody positive. Neither HBsAg nor anti-HBc antibody positivity rate showed any difference in male and female children. There was also no significant difference of HBsAg positivity rate amongst children of different age groups; whereas, anti-HBc antibody positivity rate increased significantly (p <0.005) with increase of age. Serum vitamin A was estimated in a subset of children. The mean serum vitamin A concentration was found significantly (p<0.05) lower among HBsAg positive children compared to their age and sex matched healthy control group.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that rural children are in risk of exposure to HBV infection. Increasing HBV seropositivity with age emphasizes the need for devising prevention strategies and to create awareness among the rural children. Further studies are necessary to find out the hitherto undetected sources namely occult hepatitis B cases and the ways of spread of HBV in the community.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.017\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: M Abu Sayeed, Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A, Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Email: sayeed1950@gmail.com; J. Ashraful Haq, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, Segunbagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Email: jahaq54@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78324190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial co-infection in Covid-19 patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra","authors":"","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.016","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Several patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with bacterial co-infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the bacteria responsible for co-infection in Covid-19 infected patients visiting a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra, India.\u0000\u0000Material and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for 3 months at tertiary care center. Covid-19 patients attending the hospital were included in the study. All the specimens were collected either at the time of admission at outdoor or within 24-48 hours of admission. All the specimens were processed for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing as per institutional policy and standard methods.\u0000\u0000Results: Total 200 samples were collected out of which 98 (49%) patients were diagnosed with bacterial co-infection. Majority of cases with bacterial co-infection were above 21 years of age. Culture was positive in 80%, 66.7%, 49.2% and 38.8% of tracheal aspirate, pus, blood and urine samples respectively. Out of 98 cases of bacterial co-infection, 62.2% and 37.8% had infection with Gram negative and positive bacteria respectively. Most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.4%) followed by Enterococcus species (14.3%). Over 70% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluroquinolones and carbapenems while 100% Acinetobacter was resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Among 57 Of the Gram negative isolates, 5 and 24 isolates were positive for ESBL carbapenemase respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that bacterial co-infection was present in considerable proportion of Covid-19 patients and the organisms responsible were resistant to several antimicrobial agents.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.016\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Sahjid Mukhida, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India-411018. E-mail: drssmukhida@rediffmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72874995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in rural Bangladeshi population and its correlation with cardiometabolic risks","authors":"Nehlin Tomalika, Md Mohiuddin Tagar, Sadya Afroz, M. Mohsena, M. Sayeed","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: For decades type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are increasingly gaining importance as an underlying mechanism for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). IR is related to various cardiometabolic adverse effects.\u0000\u0000Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique, the gold standard method for measuring IR, is an invasive and complex procedure. Estimation of glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is an easy alternative tool for measuring IR. There is no known study on eGDR level in Bangladeshi native population. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the eGDR values in a healthy working rural Bangladeshi population.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: Six villages were selected purposively as the study sites. All healthy working people aged ≥20 years in selected rural community were considered eligible. Those who consented to participate in the study were enrolled. Investigations included a) interviewing for social and clinical history, b) anthropometry and measurement of blood pressure and d) estimation of HbA1c and biochemical indices. The eGDR (mg/kg/min) was calculated using formula: eGDR = 21.158 − (0.09 * WC) − (3.407 * HT) − (0.551 * HbA1c); where WC = waist circumference in cm, HT = hypertension (yes = 1/no = 0), and HbA1c = HbA1c (%).\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 93 (m/w = 29/64) participants were enrolled in the study. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MSyn) were 34%, 31.1% and 16.1%, respectively. The mean eGDR value was 9.9 (±0.149; 95% CI: 9.62–10.2) mg/kg/min. Most of the values of biophysical characteristics were normal. The comparison between participants with and without MSyn showed that the former had significantly lower eGDR (9.05±1.24 vs.10.10±1.37, p<0.01). Inverse correlations of eGDR with the obesity, glycemia and lipidemia (weight, waist, FBG, T-chol, and TG) were significant. Declining eGDR were significant with rising WHR, WHtR, TG/HDLR and T-chol/HDLR (for all, p<0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusions: The study revealed the level of eGDR in a healthy working people of a rural community of Bangladesh. Moreover, eGDR was found to decrease significantly with the increasing cardiometabolic risks. The study revealed a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy working people highlighting susceptibility of Bangladeshi natives to non-communicable diseases.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.015\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: M Abu Sayeed, Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A, Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: sayeed1950@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81306527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enterococci isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in India","authors":"Sameena Khan, Hardik Bansal, N. Gandham, Shahzad Mirza, C. Vyawahare, Rajashri Patil, Sahjid Mukhida, N. Das","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Enterococci are significant human pathogens that are capable of causing various nosocomial infections. This study determined the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of enterococcal species isolated from various clinical specimens with special reference to vancomycin-resistant enterococci.\u0000\u0000Material and methods: The study was carried out for 6 months on enterococci isolated from various clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital. Organisms were identified by standard procedures, and subjected to antimicrobial testing as per the standard guidelines.\u0000\u0000Results: Total 116 enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples. Of the total isolates, 56.9%, 30.2% and 12.9% were isolated from indoor, intensive care unit and non-hosptalized (outdoor) patients respectively.The most common Enterococcus species from blood was E. faecium (72%) followed by E. faecalis (12%) and E. galinarrium (9.4%). Out of 116 enterococci isolates, 31 (26.7%) were resistant to vancomycin and only 1 (0.9%) was resistant to linezolid.\u0000\u0000Conclusion:The study demonstrated high prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in our hospital setting, thus posing a serious therapeutic challenge. The result would be useful in monitoring the future trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci in this region.\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Dr. Nikunja Kumar Das, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India-411018. E-mail: nikunjdas3085@gmail.com\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.014","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88454981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile, surgical management and outcome of bronchial carcinoids - a single centre experience","authors":"F. Ganie, Shahbaz Bashir Dar, Masarat-ul Gani, H. Z. Ashraf, G. Lone, M. Bhat, Iqra Nazir Naqash","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.013","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Bronchial carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine neoplasms that range from low-grade typical carcinoids to more aggressive atypical carcinoids and, therefore demonstrate a wide spectrum of clinical behaviors, histologic features and outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical profile, surgical management and outcome of bronchial carcinoids at a single centre over two years period.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: Patients with a final histologic diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid tumor were included in the study. Evaluation comprised of clinical history and physical examination, postero-anterior and lateral chest radiographs, and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest and upper abdomen (including liver and adrenal glands). Performance status was assessed by the Karnofsky scale. Pulmonary function tests were performed routinely.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 18 patients were included in the study. Out of 18 cases, 10 (55.6%) were female and 8 (44.4%) were males. Sixteen (88.9%) patients had typical carcinoid tumor and 2 (11.1%) had atypical carcinoid tumor. The tumor was located in the right lung in 11 (61.1%) and in the left lung in 7 patients (38.9%). Surgeries included 15 standard lobectomies and 3 bronchial sleeve resection. At one month post surgery, there was 13-22% increase in post operative FEV1 in patients who underwent bronchial sleeve resection while in patients who underwent lobectomy, the post operative FEV1 was 84% of pre-operative FEV1. Post surgery, all patients were in group A as per Karnofsky performance status.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Standard care of bronchial carcinoid tumors is surgical resection, and the surgical approach should depend on tumor’s size, location and histology.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.013\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Farooq Ahmad Ganie, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India. Email: farooq.ganie@ymail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75512226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Mississippi, 2008-2019","authors":"Adetoun F. Asala, A. Bhuiyan, A. Mitra, Vincent L Mendy, A. Mawson, Luma Akil","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Despite the decline in new HIV infection across the United States, Mississippi is still experiencing high rates of new HIV infections. Reports highlighted significant variations by geographical locations and socio-demographic factors. This study examined trends of HIV/AIDS incidence rates in Mississippi from 2008 to 2019.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: Data on HIV/AIDS diagnosis were extracted from Mississippi Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System database. Data were cleaned and de-identified using Microsoft Excel and SAS 9.4. Overall and annual age-adjusted HIV and AIDS incidence rates were calculated by sex, race, and age using 2000 US population. Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models.\u0000\u0000Results: Overall, HIV incidence rate declined from 25.0 in 2008 to 18.79 per 100,000 population in 2019 (24.8% decrease) while AIDS incidence increased from 6.4 in 2008 to 8.2 per 100,000 population in 2019 (28.1% increase). Comparison between sexes of all age groups showed a downward trend of new HIV infection (AAPC: Male:-1.50, Female:-5.17) and an upward trend of AIDS incidence (AAPC: Male: 1.90, Female: 3.70). Age adjusted HIV incidence declined by 26.8% and 12.4% among blacks and whites respectively (AAPC: Blacks: -2.8, Whites:-1.0) but there was no significant change in age-adjusted AIDS incidence among both races from 2008-2019.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study indicated that age-adjusted HIV incidence rate is declining in Mississippi but trends differ by race, gender, and age. More interventions aimed at ensuring early diagnosis, proper linkage to care and preventing the progression of HIV to AIDS particularly among at-risk population are needed in Mississippi.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.012\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Adetoun F. Asala, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 350 W Woodrow Wilson Dr, Jackson, MS 39213. Email: adetoun.f.asala@students.jsums.edu","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76097110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D levels in seven non-identical occupational groups entail redefining of existing vitamin D deficiency diagnostic cut off level for native Bangladeshi population","authors":"T. Haq, Nehlin Tomalika, M. Mohsena, H. Momtaz, A. Banu, M. M. H. Chowdhury, K. Hashem, Md Mohiuddin Tagar, Md Shahed Morshed, M. Sayeed","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.17.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Recent publications have reported alarming prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in South Asian countries including Bangladesh. But, data on vitamin D levels in different occupational groups are lacking. This study addressed the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in different occupational groups of Bangladesh. Additionally, the study estimated parathyroid hormone, phosphate, calcium and metabolic syndrome in these groups to see the effect of hypovitaminosis D on these parameters.\u0000\u0000Materials and method: Seven diverse occupational groups (agrarian workers, rickshaw-pullers, young cricketers and footballers, fishermen, dry fish industry workers, garment-workers and medical students) of Bangladesh were selected based on grade of physical activity and level of sun exposure. Blood was collected for the estimation of 25(OH) vitamin D, fasting glucose,lipid profiles, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and intact parathyroid (iPTH) hormone. Multiple comparisons of these variables among the 7 groups were estimated by ANOVA.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 785 (m / f = 359 / 426) participants volunteered. Of them, 54.2% had vitamin D deficiency. Metabolic syndrome was 5% and showed no significant association with hypovitaminosis D (x2 = 0.9, p=0.43). For biophysical characteristics, the mean (±SD) values of age, body mass index, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were – 33.8±16.3y, 22.3±4.1 kg/m2, 0.87±0.06 and 0.39±0.16, respectively. The values for vitamin D (ng/ml), calcium (mg/dl), iPTH (pgm/ml) and phosphate (mg/dl) were 20.25±13.1, 9.57±1.85, 38.22±24.54 and 4.18±0.81, respectively. The comparisons of vitamin D and other related variables among the groups (ANOVA) showed vitamin D level in the garments worker was significantly (p<0.01) higher from other 6 groups. Likewise, compared with other six, rickshaw-pullers had significantly higher calcium level. Calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone did not show any change with decreasing vitamin D level (high to low quartile: Q4→Q1), though parathyroid hormone increased significantly at the lowest vitamin D level (Q1:<11.8ng/ml: p=0.002).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was high irrespective of occupations, site (rural/urban), social class and sun-exposure. Overall, vitamin D level was low though varied among the groups. Despite minimum and maximum sun-exposure, the garments workers had the highest and the fishermen had the lowest vitamin D levels, respectively. Calcium level was normal in all groups. Calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone did not show any changes with decreasing vitamin D, though parathyroid hormone increased significantly when vitamin D decreased to the lowest quartile. The findings indicate that the specific cut off value for vitamin D deficiency needs to be determined for population of a given geographic area.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2023; 17(2):001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.17.011\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: M Abu Sayeed, Department of Community Medicine, I","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83169592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}