Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Resilience building for adolescents in institutions","authors":"S. Prabhu","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_283_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_283_20","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health promotion programs are commonly delivered to adolescents as a part of school mental health programs. Among the various mental health promotion programs, resilience-building programs are also gaining popularity in India. The resilience-building programs will be undoubtedly useful to various adolescent groups. Adolescents in difficult circumstances, such as those residing in institutions, will be the most benefitted by the resilience-building programs. However, the components of resilience-building programs are of utmost importance. While most of the existing programs focus on enhancing the personality characteristics that contribute to resilience, a few other determinants should also be the focus. This article gives an outline of the components that can be included in building resilience in adolescents residing in institutions in India.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"110 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health effects of past and current pandemics on health-care professionals: A narrative review","authors":"K. Sadh, P. Khadse, P. Murthy","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_354_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_354_20","url":null,"abstract":"During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis, health-care workers (HCWs) across the world are facing a high risk of infection and increased workload. This makes them vulnerable to the psychological effects of the pandemic. This review attempts to gather insights into the psychological impact of the past and current infective outbreaks reported on HCWs. A PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant published articles on the effects of major infective outbreaks that occurred in the last two decades on the mental health of HCWs. After a critical review of 47 selected articles, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. The outbreaks included in this review were related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, H1N1 influenza, Ebola virus disease, and COVID-19. The studies were reported from 14 different countries. Except for four cohort studies, all other studies were cross-sectional in design. It was found that HCWs across the studies were at high risk of the development of various psychiatric morbidities, including stress-related, anxiety-related, and affective disorders. Certain groups of HCWs were at a relatively higher risk, like those posted in high exposure settings, nurses, those with a history of psychiatric illness, and those who have been quarantined. The organizational and social supports were important factors in reducing the negative mental health impact of the outbreak. HCWs deserve special attention concerning their mental health during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. Adequate preparedness at the organizational and individual levels is an essential measure to prevent the negative psychological effects of an infective outbreak on HCWs.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"100 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45270254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satisfaction with the journey of receiving a diagnosis of autism: Experiences of Indian parents","authors":"P. Malhi, KVenkata Durga Prasad, R. Suthar","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_331_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_331_20","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective is to examine the experiences of parents regarding receiving a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for their child and the factors influencing parental satisfaction with the process of diagnosis. Methodology: Eighty-five children (2–12 years) with ASD (DSM 5 criteria) were consecutively recruited from the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care hospital in north India over 2 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit information regarding early developmental concerns, age at the first visit to a professional, kinds of professionals consulted, diagnoses considered, and time taken to receive a definitive diagnosis of autism. Parents were asked to self-report their level of satisfaction with the diagnostic process on a three-point scale. Results: Overall, the mean age at first parental concern was 2.16 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.04). Parents on average waited for 7 months before consulting a specialist. The mean age of diagnosis was 4.67 years (SD = 2.42). Analysis of diagnoses received before the diagnosis of ASD revealed that despite early parental concerns, one-fourth did not receive any specific diagnosis, one-fourth of the parents were told that their child was developing normally, and the majority were misdiagnosed (42.4%). A definitive diagnosis of autism took nearly 2½ years from the time when parents first started to have concerns about their child's development. The majority (51.8%) of the parents reported being dissatisfied with their diagnostic experiences, and the level of satisfaction was primarily explained by the number of professionals consulted for a diagnosis of autism (F = 6.54, P = 0.012). Conclusions: The findings underscore the need to educate primary care clinicians regarding the early signs of autism and to be respectful of parental concerns to make a timely diagnosis of autism and initiate evidence-based early interventions.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"168 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42171629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout in postgraduate medical students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Prosenjit Ghosh, N. Dutta, Amin Hussain","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_240_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_240_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medical profession has been associated with high level of burnout leading to severe psychological problems among the medical students. With the emerging demand of health care facilities during a pandemic, medical students do face high exhaustion which may result in dissatisfaction in life. Aims and Objectives: To assess the level of burnout, the level of satisfaction and the level of distress in post graduate medical students in relation to covid 19 work load. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in s tertiary health care centre. A total of 100 post graduate medical students who actively participated in covid 19 duty were recruited for the study. A standardized and structured questionnaire for Oldenburg Inventory scale (OLBI-S), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to briefly assess the burnout level, life satisfaction and psychological distress respectively among the participants. A Self semi-structured proforma for socio-demographic details was given to study subjects to fill up. Statistical Analysis: Both qualitative and quantitative measures of data were calculated. Statistical significance was kept at p-value of <0.05 using Fisher's t-test and Chi-square test wherever applicable. Analysis of data was done by using SPSS version 21. Results: Majority (85%) of the participants reported low burnout of which 62.3% (n=53) were male and 37.6% (n=32) were female. The level of exhaustion when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.037). Most of the participants (n=55) reported to be slightly satisfied with their life of which 67% (n=37) were male and 32.7% (n=18) were female. Most of the participants(n=63) reported to be psychologically well while 34 of them reported mild distress of which 29 were male and 5 of them were female. The level of psychological distress when compared with gender was found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.002). No positive correlation was found between burnout level and level of satisfaction, neither between burnout level and level of psychological distress. Conclusion: Our study found an overall low burnout, low psychological distress and low level of dissatisfaction with life in the postgraduate medical students working in covid 19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"116 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45448355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tale of two brothers and the incumbent prerogative for a social ombudsman","authors":"R. Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_263_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_263_22","url":null,"abstract":"Social support stipulates two imperative components: A structural component comprising network size and frequency of social interactions, and a functional component with emotional (such as receiving love and empathy) and instrumental (practical help such as monetary gifts or assistance between providing therapeutic care and social support. I present such a case where my role belonged to more of a social ombudsman for the care receivers mitigating their daily lifestyles rather than a clinician providing only pharmacological upkeep. This case taught me the perspective of devoting time to patients and their family members beyond the call for duty from being a mere prescription provider to be more of a social aid to the debilitated family unit.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"24 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42274692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Gambling, Perceived Social Support, and Self-Esteem among Secondary School Students in Orlu","authors":"Chinyere Mirian Aguocha, Kenechi A Uwakwe","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_312_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_312_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The changes in accessibility to gambling have led to an increase in gambling among young persons. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the association between gambling, perceived social support, and self-esteem among secondary school students in Orlu, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 411 secondary school students in Orlu. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents was used to screen for problem gambling, while the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was used to measure perceived social support. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: The lifetime rate of gambling was 51.8%, while the 12-month rate was 18.2%. About 9.2% of the respondents met the criteria for at-risk gambling, while 4.6% met the criteria for problem gambling. Gambling in the past 12 months was significantly associated with lower perceived social support ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Gambling is associated with poorer perceived social support. This indicates a need to encourage improved social support towards students.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135594858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its Impact on Caregiver's Burden and Quality of Life","authors":"Preetam Roy, Arvind Kumar, Lokesh Singh Shekhawat","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_416_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_416_20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic illness that can cause marked anguish and disability. OCD negatively affects the quality of life (QoL) and brings disability in marital, occupational, emotional, and social functioning. Family members of OCD patients unknowingly start adjusting their personal and family routine to lessen the patient’s anxiety or irritability due to compulsive behaviors. Their involvement with compulsive behaviors of OCD patients compromise their social activities that lead to feelings of social isolation and marked distress. Studies carried out on family members have also reported poor QoL in the domains of physical well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, hospital-based study. Fifty adult patients with OCD were recruited in the study along with their caregivers, who were visiting the Department of Psychiatry, ABVIMS, Dr. R. M. L. Hospital, New Delhi, India. Patients diagnosed with OCD as per diagnostic and statistical manual 5 criteria were assessed on Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) symptom Checklist, Y-BOCS to know about the severity and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale was used to assess disability. The primary caregivers, who were continuously staying with patient for last 2 years, were assessed on Zarit Burden Interview to assess caregiver’s burden and WHOQOL-BREF was used to assess the QoL. Results: There was a negative correlation between total YBOCS score, global disability score of patients, burden of caregivers with all domains of QoL of caregivers of patients, and statistically significant values were seen in psychological health and social domains. Caregiver burden was positively correlated with disability. Both QoL and severity of illness have more significant negative impact on caregiver QoL and burden. Conclusion: Severity of illness and disability in patients with OCD cause significant negative impact on QoL and brings about huge burden on caregivers.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Assessment in Perinatal Mental Health: Insights, Strategies, and Future Directions","authors":"Sachin Nagendrappa, Manisha Murugesan","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_247_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_247_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perinatal mental health is a complex and multifaceted area influenced by various psychosocial risk factors that impact the well-being of individuals during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This article provides insight into the intricacies of perinatal mental health challenges, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive support systems. It highlights prominent risk factors, including exposure to stressful life events, strained marital relationships, inadequate social support, lower socioeconomic status, single marital status, unwanted pregnancies, obstetrical stressors, and infant temperament. The article discusses various psychosocial interventions, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving techniques, behavioral activation, and befriending. It also emphasizes the importance of specialized care for women experiencing postpartum psychosis. The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences-Mother–Baby Unit Model, a multidisciplinary approach to perinatal mental health care, is explored, highlighting its comprehensive psychosocial assessment and tailored interventions. The article emphasizes the need to focus on psychosocial risk factors and culturally sensitive interventions in perinatal mental health care.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“If They Don’t Ask, We Don’t Share” – A Qualitative Study on Barriers and Facilitators to Discussing Mental Health with Obstetric Care Providers in Urban Anganwadis among Pregnant Women in India","authors":"Vandita Shanbhag, Prabha Chandra, Geetha Desai, Ashlesha Bagadia, Martin Le Dref, Shweta Bhat","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_117_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_117_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Perinatal period is considered a high risk period for developing mental health problems. Screening for mental health problems is not routine in obstetric care settings in low and middle income countries. This qualitative study among low-income urban pregnant women in India aimed to understand the facilitators and barriers for discussing mental health problems with their obstetric health-care providers. Materials and Methods: Two focus group discussions with six pregnant women in each group were conducted using a semi structured interview guide. The transcribed data were translated to English and were analyzed and key themes were identified using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Participants had inadequate knowledge about the impact of maternal mental health problems on pregnancy, fetus and infant. The common barriers to discussing mental health problems were families normalizing mental stress, fear that family conflicts being revealed, stigma about being labeled mentally ill, lack of privacy in clinics and obstetric health-care providers being too busy. Women reported that being specifically asked about mental health problems as part of care and a sensitive attitude of the health-care providers encouraged them to discuss their concerns. Conclusion: This study identified more barriers than facilitators in discussing about mental health among pregnant women and the need for sensitive screening for mental health problems. To enhance screening and support for maternal mental health problems, it is necessary to increase awareness about the importance of mental health in the perinatal period among women and families. In addition, training obstetric health-care providers in sensitive screening for mental health problems, ensuring privacy in clinics and reducing stigma related to perinatal mental health problems.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Use and Cessation Services Received for Other Substances in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"J. Amrita, Smitha Ramadas","doi":"10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_352_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_352_21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Alcohol is one of the common substances used in India. Although majority of people with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) use other substances, this is underidentified. Thus, a valuable opportunity to offer cessation services for other substances goes unutilized. Extant Indian studies exploring this are scanty. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the pattern of use and cessation services received for other substances in patients with a primary diagnosis of ADS, admitted to a tertiary care center, in a state with a high per capita consumption of alcohol. Methods: After ethical clearance, 100 consecutive consenting male patients with ADS, aged 18–60 years, admitted to a psychiatry ward in a tertiary care center, were selected. Their pattern of use of other substances and cessation services received were studied. Results: Majority of the participants had moderate ADS (39%). About 46% of them smoked tobacco, 17% used smokeless form of tobacco, and 6% used both forms. Almost 64% of the participants were dependent on tobacco and the majority had severe dependence. Other substances used were cannabis (6%), benzodiazepines (2%), and opioids (1%). All of them used tobacco in addition. A significant association was noted between the severity of ADS and nicotine use ( P = 0.016). Although 77% of participants with ADS used tobacco, only 20% received cessation services for tobacco use. Conclusion: Tobacco use in patients with ADS was not adequately identified, losing a golden opportunity to address a substance use with harmful health consequences. Psychiatrists need to be aware of this hidden problem and adopt routine screening for tobacco use in alcohol-dependent patients.","PeriodicalId":55693,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135844245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}