Phonetica最新文献_第10页

Weak Lips? A Possible Merger of /i:/ and /y:/ in Gothenburg. 弱的嘴唇吗?哥德堡的/i:/和/y:/可能合并。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-05-02 DOI: 10.1159/000499107

Johan Gross, Julia Forsberg

{"title":"Weak Lips? A Possible Merger of /i:/ and /y:/ in Gothenburg.","authors":"Johan Gross, Julia Forsberg","doi":"10.1159/000499107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000499107","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: This study investigates a possible merger in the early stages between /i:/ and /y:/ among young speakers in Gothenburg, Sweden.Methods: (1) A large-scale online perception experiment testing listeners' abilities to identify the two vowels and (2) acoustic analysis of 705 vowels from 19 speakers.Results: The perception study shows that listeners classify the horizontally centralized /y:/ as /i:/, both in isolated vowel items and in items containing the full word. This indicates that /y:/ is moving into the perceptual space of /i:/. Listeners also classify the unmerged /y:/ as /i:/ when listening to [y:] in isolation, indicating that lip rounding is a perceptually weak feature, for this centralized vowel, in this variety. The acoustic analysis shows that /i:/ tends to be produced as [ɨ:], and that there is no acoustic difference between /i:/ and /y:/ in measurements correlated with the first two formants, i.e. lip rounding is the most important distinctive feature.Conclusion: Results point in the direction of an incipient vowel merger, following a merger-by-approximation model. These results indicate a lack of perceptual strength of an articulatory feature in the disappearing phoneme, namely lip rounding, and the consequent perceptual similarities between the horizontally centralized [ɨ:] and /y:/.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 4","pages":"268-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000499107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37206281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Wolfgang R. von Kempelen, Le Mécanisme de la Parole, Suivi de la Description d'une Machine Parlante. Vienne, ed. Bauer, 1791. 沃尔夫冈·r·冯·肯佩伦，《说话的机制》，接着是对说话机器的描述。维也纳，鲍尔编，1791年。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.1159/000508993

Massimo Pettorino

引用次数: 0

Acoustic Correlates of the Four-Way Laryngeal Contrast in Marathi. 马拉地语喉四向造影的声学相关性。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1159/000501673

Olga Dmitrieva, Indranil Dutta

{"title":"Acoustic Correlates of the Four-Way Laryngeal Contrast in Marathi.","authors":"Olga Dmitrieva, Indranil Dutta","doi":"10.1159/000501673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000501673","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines acoustic correlates of the four-way laryngeal contrast in Marathi, focusing on temporal parameters, voice quality, and onset f0. Acoustic correlates of the laryngeal contrast were investigated in the speech of 33 native speakers of Marathi, recorded in Mumbai, India, producing a word list containing six sets of words minimally contrastive in terms of laryngeal specification of word-initial velar stops. Measurements were made for the duration of prevoicing, release, and voicing during release. Fundamental frequency was measured at the onset of voicing following the stop and at 10 additional time points. As measures of voice quality, amplitude differences between the first and second harmonic (H1-H2) and between the first harmonic and the third formant (H1-A3) were calculated. The results demonstrated that laryngeal categories in Marathi are differentiated based on temporal measures, voice quality, and onset f0, although differences in each dimension were unequal in magnitude across different pairs of stop categories. We conclude that a single acoustic correlate, such as voice onset time, is insufficient to differentiate among all the laryngeal categories in languages such as Marathi, characterized by complex four-way laryngeal contrasts. Instead, a joint contribution of several acoustic correlates creates a robust multidimensional contrast.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 3","pages":"209-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000501673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Effects of Ultrasound Familiarization on Production and Perception of Nonnative Contrasts. 超声熟悉对非原生对比产生和感知的影响。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.1159/000505298

Kevin D Roon, Jaekoo Kang, D H Whalen

{"title":"Effects of Ultrasound Familiarization on Production and Perception of Nonnative Contrasts.","authors":"Kevin D Roon, Jaekoo Kang, D H Whalen","doi":"10.1159/000505298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000505298","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: We investigated the efficacy of ultrasound imaging of the tongue as a tool for familiarizing naïve learners with the production of a class of nonnative speech sounds: palatalized Russian consonants.Methods: Two learner groups were familiarized, one with ultrasound and one with audio only. Learners performed pre- and postfamiliarization production and discrimination tasks.Results: Ratings of productions of word-final palatalized consonants by learners from both groups improved after familiarization, as did discrimination of the palatalization contrast word-finally. There were no significant differences in the improvement between groups in either task. All learners were able to generalize to novel contexts in production and discrimination. The presence of palatalization interfered with discrimination of word-initial manner, and ultrasound learners were more successful in overcoming that interference.Conclusion: Ultrasound familiarization resulted in improvements in production and discrimination comparable to audio only. Ultrasound familiarization additionally helped learners overcome difficulties in manner discrimination introduced by palatalization. When familiarizing learners with a novel, nonnative class of sounds, a small set of stimuli in different contexts may be more beneficial than using a larger set in one context. Although untrained production can disrupt discrimination training, we found that production familiarization was not disruptive to discrimination or production.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 5","pages":"350-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000505298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37601291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Assessing the Representation of Phonological Rules by a Production Study of Non-Words in Coratino. 用汉语非词的产生性研究评价语音规则的表征。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-11 DOI: 10.1159/000504452

Jonathan Bucci, Paolo Lorusso, Silvain Gerber, Mirko Grimaldi, Jean-Luc Schwartz

{"title":"Assessing the Representation of Phonological Rules by a Production Study of Non-Words in Coratino.","authors":"Jonathan Bucci, Paolo Lorusso, Silvain Gerber, Mirko Grimaldi, Jean-Luc Schwartz","doi":"10.1159/000504452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000504452","url":null,"abstract":"Phonological regularities in a given language can be described as a set of formal rules applied to logical expressions (e.g., the value of a distinctive feature) or alternatively as distributional properties emerging from the phonetic substance. An indirect way to assess how phonology is represented in a speaker's mind consists in testing how phonological regularities are transferred to non-words. This is the objective of this study, focusing on Coratino, a dialect from southern Italy spoken in the Apulia region. In Coratino, a complex process of vowel reduction operates, transforming the /i e ɛ u o ɔ a/ system for stressed vowels into a system with a smaller number of vowels for unstressed configurations, characterized by four major properties: (1) all word-initial vowels are maintained, even unstressed; (2) /a/ is never reduced, even unstressed; (3) unstressed vowels /i e ɛ u o ɔ/ are protected against reduction when they are adjacent to a consonant that shares articulation (labiality and velarity for /u o ɔ/ and palatality for /i e ɛ/); (4) when they are reduced, high vowels are reduced to /ɨ/ and mid vowels to /ə/. A production experiment was carried out on 19 speakers of Coratino to test whether these properties were displayed with non-words. The production data display a complex pattern which seems to imply both explicit/formal rules and distributional properties transferred statistically to non-words. Furthermore, the speakers appear to vary considerably in how they perform this task. Altogether, this suggests that both formal rules and distributional principles contribute to the encoding of Coratino phonology in the speaker's mind.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 6","pages":"405-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000504452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37447767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Focus Marking and Prosodic Boundary Strength in French. 法语焦点标记与韵律边界强度。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1159/000499071

Amandine Michelas, James S German

{"title":"Focus Marking and Prosodic Boundary Strength in French.","authors":"Amandine Michelas, James S German","doi":"10.1159/000499071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000499071","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: In French, the size of a focus constituent is not reliably marked through pitch accent assignment as in many stress accent languages. While it has been argued that the distribution of lower-level prosodic boundaries plays a role, this is at best a weak cue to focus, leaving open the question of whether other marking strategies are available. In this study, we assess whether the right edge of a contrastive focus constituent is marked by differences in prosodic boundary strength.Methods: We elicited utterances with target words in six combinations of focus and syntactic contexts using an interactive production task.Results: The results show that if a given location is realized as an accentual phrase boundary in an all-focus context, then it is realized as an intermediate phrase boundary when it coincides with the right edge of a narrow-focus constituent. A location that is an intermediate phrase boundary in an all-focus context, however, remains unchanged under narrow focus.Conclusion: These findings suggest that focus constituents are constrained to align with a minimum prosodic domain size in French (i.e., the intermediate phrase), and that French does not rely on a general strategy of prosodic enhancement for marking focus.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 4","pages":"244-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000499071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37107379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Acoustic Discriminability of the Complex Phonation System in !Xóõ. Xóõ中复杂发声系统的声学可分辨性。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-02-08 DOI: 10.1159/000494301

Marc Garellek

{"title":"Acoustic Discriminability of the Complex Phonation System in !Xóõ.","authors":"Marc Garellek","doi":"10.1159/000494301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000494301","url":null,"abstract":"Phonation types, or contrastive voice qualities, are minimally produced using complex movements of the vocal folds, but may additionally involve constriction in the supraglottal and pharyngeal cavities. These complex articulations in turn produce a multidimensional acoustic output that can be modeled in various ways. In this study, I investigate whether the psychoacoustic model of voice by Kreiman et al. (2014) succeeds at distinguishing six phonation types of !Xóõ. Linear discriminant analysis is performed using parameters from the model averaged over the entire vowel as well as for the first and final halves of the vowel. The results indicate very high classification accuracy for all phonation types. Measures averaged over the vowel's entire duration are closely correlated with the discriminant functions, suggesting that they are sufficient for distinguishing even dynamic phonation types. Measures from all classes of parameters are correlated with the linear discriminant functions; in particular, the \"strident\" vowels, which are harsh in quality, are characterized by their noise, changes in spectral tilt, decrease in voicing amplitude and frequency, and raising of the first formant. Despite the large number of contrasts and the time-varying characteristics of many of the phonation types, the phonation contrasts in !Xóõ remain well differentiated acoustically.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 2","pages":"131-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000494301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36948471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Laryngeal Contrast in Qatari Arabic: Effect of Speaking Rate on Voice Onset Time. 卡塔尔阿拉伯语喉部对比:语速对发声时间的影响。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.1159/000497277

Vladimir Kulikov

{"title":"Laryngeal Contrast in Qatari Arabic: Effect of Speaking Rate on Voice Onset Time.","authors":"Vladimir Kulikov","doi":"10.1159/000497277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000497277","url":null,"abstract":"Beckman and colleagues claimed in 2011 that Swedish has an overspecified phonological contrast between prevoiced and voiceless aspirated stops. Yet, Swedish is the only language for which this pattern has been reported. The current study describes a similar phonological pattern in the vernacular Arabic dialect of Qatar. Acoustic measurements of main (voice onset time, VOT) and secondary (fundamental frequency, first formant) cues to voicing are based on production data of 8 native speakers of Qatari Arabic, who pronounced 1,380 voiced and voiceless word-initial stops in the slow and fast rate conditions. The results suggest that the VOT pattern found in voiced Qatari Arabic stops b, d, g is consistent with prevoicing in voice languages like Dutch, Russian, or Swedish. The pattern found in voiceless stops t, k is consistent with aspiration in aspirating languages like English, German, or Swedish. Similar to Swedish, both prevoicing and aspiration in Qatari Arabic stops change in response to speaking rate. VOT significantly increased by 19 ms in prevoiced stops and by 12 ms in voiceless stops in the slow speaking rate condition. The findings suggest that phonological overspecification in laryngeal contrasts may not be an uncommon pattern among languages.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":" ","pages":"163-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000497277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37179462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Evidence for Incomplete Neutralization in Chilean Spanish. 智利西班牙语不完全中和的证据。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-04 DOI: 10.1159/000493393

Mariška A Bolyanatz

{"title":"Evidence for Incomplete Neutralization in Chilean Spanish.","authors":"Mariška A Bolyanatz","doi":"10.1159/000493393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000493393","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: In Chilean Spanish, syllable- and word-final /s/ are frequently weakened to an [h]-like segment or completely deleted. In word-final position, /s/ serves as the plural morpheme, so its deletion renders a site for potential neutralization with singular items. Chilean scholars have previously described differences in the vowel preceding weakened or deleted /s/ distinguishing it from non-/s/-final words, but this putative incomplete neutralization has not yet been acoustically verified, nor have its conditioning factors been explored. The primary purpose of this study was to assess via phonetic analysis of spontaneous speech whether neutralization of final vowels in singular words and plural words in Chilean Spanish is indeed incomplete, as hypothesized by scholars during the 20th century. Additionally, these vowels were also compared to the vowels of monomorphemic /s/-final words in order to ensure that the attested singular-versus-plural differences were not simply indicative of closed syllable laxing processes.Methods: Vowels were extracted from the spontaneous speech of 20 Chilean Spanish speakers and acoustically analyzed via VoiceSauce.Results: The results revealed that final /a/ vowels of plural words were found to be breathier than singular vowels but less breathy than the final vowels of monomorphemic words, and that plural /o/ was significantly fronted. They also demonstrated increased breathiness on /e/ vowels closed by /s/, regardless of morphological status.Conclusion: These results provide the first account of incomplete neutralization of plural vowel correlates in spontaneous speech in Chilean Spanish, and they offer evidence for closed syllable processes in this particular dialect, in alignment with an exemplar-theoretic approach.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 2","pages":"107-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000493393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36739157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparative Acoustic Analyses of L2 English: The Search for Systematic Variation. 第二语言英语的比较声学分析:寻找系统变异。

IF 0.9 3区文学

Phonetica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.1159/000508387

Rebecca Laturnus

{"title":"Comparative Acoustic Analyses of L2 English: The Search for Systematic Variation.","authors":"Rebecca Laturnus","doi":"10.1159/000508387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000508387","url":null,"abstract":"Background/aims: Previous research has shown that exposure to multiple foreign accents facilitates adaptation to an untrained novel accent. One explanation is that L2 speech varies systematically such that there are commonalities in the productions of nonnative speakers, regardless of their language background.Methods: A systematic acoustic comparison was conducted between 3 native English speakers and 6 nonnative accents. Voice onset time, unstressed vowel duration, and formant values of stressed and unstressed vowels were analyzed, comparing each nonnative accent to the native English talkers. A subsequent perception experiment tests what effect training on regionally accented voices has on the participant's comprehension of nonnative accented speech to investigate the importance of within-speaker variation on attunement and generalization.Results: Data for each measure show substantial variability across speakers, reflecting phonetic transfer from individual L1s, as well as substantial inconsistency and variability in pronunciation, rather than commonalities in their productions. Training on native English varieties did not improve participants' accuracy in understanding nonnative speech.Conclusion: These findings are more consistent with a hypothesis of accent attune-ment wherein listeners track general patterns of nonnative speech rather than relying on overlapping acoustic signals between speakers.","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":"77 6","pages":"441-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000508387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38177351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1