Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae最新文献_第9页

Positive ecological roles of parasites 寄生虫的积极生态作用

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.17109/azh.67.3.289.2021

Katarzyna Szopieray, E. Żbikowska

{"title":"Positive ecological roles of parasites","authors":"Katarzyna Szopieray, E. Żbikowska","doi":"10.17109/azh.67.3.289.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.67.3.289.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional assessment of parasites by veterinarians and medical professionals is une-quivocally negative. In this minireview, we focus on the positive aspects of the presence of parasites in the environment. Most notably, the host-parasite system is a long-term interac-tion because parasites, despite their negative impact on the host, rarely lead to its death. We analysed three important aspects of the presence of parasites in the environment: (i) participation in the regulation community balance leading to changes in the dominance structure, the formation of trophic chains as well as the inclusion of new energy sources into the ecosystem, (ii) control of invasions of alien species to new areas through the im-pact on the adaptive abilities of invaders and (iii) efficient accumulation of heavy metals resulting from the physiological properties of parasite tissues, and thus providing the ad-ditional environmental pollution index. The presented examples show that parasites play an important role as ecosystem engineers, affecting the dynamic balance of ecosystems. The present review aims to challenge the stereotype of parasitism as an unambiguously negative interaction and show evidence of the significant impact of parasites on healthy functioning communities and environmental safety.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68234749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in fumarole fields of Kunashir Island, Kuril Archipelago, Russia 俄罗斯千岛群岛库那希尔岛延胡索气田中的地甲虫（鞘翅目、金龟子科）

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.17109/AZH.66.SUPPL.97.2020

K. Makarov, Y. Sundukov, A. Matalin

引用次数: 1

High molecular diversity in Carabus (Hygrocarabus) variolosus and C. nodulosus 变壳锦葵和结节锦葵的高分子多样性

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.147.2020

D. Mossakowski, S. Bérces, R. Hejda, S. Müller-Kroehling, W. Paill, F. Prunar, I. Rapuzzi

{"title":"High molecular diversity in Carabus (Hygrocarabus) variolosus and C. nodulosus","authors":"D. Mossakowski, S. Bérces, R. Hejda, S. Müller-Kroehling, W. Paill, F. Prunar, I. Rapuzzi","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.suppl.147.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.147.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The Carabus subgenus Hygrocarabus contains two taxa: C. variolosus and C. nodulosus, the species or subspecies status of which is handled far from uniform in the literature. Both taxa show a similar morphology, the shape of the tip of the aedeagus provides a reliable morphological marker for identification. We analysed two mitochondrial gene parts (COI-5’ and COI-3’) and a nuclear one (ITS2). High diversity was found showing specific geographical patterns. Introgressive hybridisation was detected but interpreted not as an argument for subspecies status because high genetic distances indicated that it must have taken place in former times. In a laboratory hybridisation experiment, the male did not accept the female of the other taxon, supporting the conclusion that these are separate species. A series of refuges was expected for the period of ice ages. Although only the taxon C. variolosus is listed in Annex II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive, C. nodulosus also falls under this listing, as at the time of including the species into the Annexes in 2004, the two taxa were considered subspecies and hence the listing would include both, independent of later taxonomic revisions.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Do properties and species of weed seeds affect their consumption by carabid beetles? 杂草种子的特性和种类会影响甲虫对其的消耗吗？

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.37.2020

Hana Foffová, D. Bohan, P. Saska

{"title":"Do properties and species of weed seeds affect their consumption by carabid beetles?","authors":"Hana Foffová, D. Bohan, P. Saska","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.suppl.37.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.37.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Seed predators are an integral part of agroecosystems, where they can reduce the populations of weeds. The preference of predators for seeds and the observed predation rate may be affected by the properties of seeds (e.g. taxonomy, chemical composition, physical defence). In this work, we focused on seed consumption of Taraxacum officinale Web. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill., from France and the Czech Republic, by three species of ground beetle that are seed predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Poecilus cupreus (Linnaeus), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan). The seed species were offered in arenas, simultaneously, under three different experimental manipulations of moisture and seed coat conditions: dry and intact, water-imbibed and intact, and water-imbibed with a damaged seed coat. Seed consumption was checked after 0.5, 1, 2, 24, and 48 hours of exposure. Anchomenus dorsalis largely refused to feed on seeds. Taraxacum officinale seeds with damaged coats were most preferred by the remaining two species of carabids. The consumption by P. cupreus of T. officinale seeds with damaged coats increased from 0.18 % after 0.5 hours to 83.83 % after 48 hours, and by P. melanarius from 13.76 % after 0.5 hours to 76.77 % after 48 hours. Seeds of S. media were consumed less. There was a significant difference in consumption rates due to the country of origin of the seeds, but there were no differences between the carabid sexes. That carabids preferred water-imbibed and damaged seeds may suggest an involvement of olfactory clues in the seed selection process, and/or shorter seed-handling times.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The type of forest edge governs the spatial distribution of different-sized ground beetles 森林边缘的类型决定了不同大小地甲虫的空间分布

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.69.2020

T. Magura, G. Lövei

{"title":"The type of forest edge governs the spatial distribution of different-sized ground beetles","authors":"T. Magura, G. Lövei","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.suppl.69.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.69.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide human-induced habitat fragmentation intensifies the emergence of forest edges. In addition to these edges, there are edges evolved by natural processes. Edge-maintaining processes (natural vs. anthropogenic) fundamentally determine edge responses, and thus edge functions. Species with various traits show fundamentally different edge response, therefore the trait-based approach is essential in edge studies. We evaluated the edge effect on the body size of ground beetles in forest edges with various maintaining processes. Our results, based on 30 published papers and 221 species, showed that natural forest edges were impenetrable for small species, preventing their dispersal into the forest interiors, while both the medium and the large species penetrated across these edges and dispersed into the forest interiors. Anthropogenic edges maintained by continued human disturbance (agriculture, forestry, urbanisation) were permeable for ground beetles of all size, allowing them to invade the forest interiors. Overwintering type (overwintering as adults or as larvae) was associated with body size, since almost two-thirds of the small species, while slightly more than a third of both the medium and the large species were adult overwintering. Based on this, size-dependent permeability of natural edges may be related to overwintering type, which basically determines species tolerance to human disturbance.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":"66 1","pages":"69-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49437531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Effect of plant protection on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in sugar beet crops in four-year rotation 植物保护对甜菜四年轮作地甲虫（鞘翅目、金龟子科）群落的影响

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.49.2020

A. Kosewska, K. Nijak, M. Nietupski, R. Kędzior, E. Ludwiczak

{"title":"Effect of plant protection on assemblages of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in sugar beet crops in four-year rotation","authors":"A. Kosewska, K. Nijak, M. Nietupski, R. Kędzior, E. Ludwiczak","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.suppl.49.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.49.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of chemical plant protection on carabid beetle assemblages was studied in an experiment conducted on fields of sugar beet at the IOR-PIB Experimental Station in Winna Gora, Poland. The experiment was composed of a block of control fields (no chemical plant protection treatments) and second block, where plant protection was carried out in compliance with the applicable plant protection program. Ground beetles were caught from May to August/September in four years, using modified Barber traps. As a result of the study, 11 881 specimens belonging to 52 species of Carabidae were collected. The most numerous species were: Harpalus rufipes, Pterostichus melanarius, Calathus ambiguus and Bembidion properans. Overall, our results demonstrate that the application of chemical plant protection treatments decreased the abundance of carabid beetles in sugar beet fields, but had no effect on species richness. The use of pesticides induced changes in some life traits of Carabidae fauna. After a pesticide application, the abundance of macropterous hemizoophages and medium carnivores with the autumn type of breeding decreased, whereas the abundance of small carnivores increased.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":"66 1","pages":"49-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient 城市化进程中甲虫的活动密度

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.suppl.21.2020

S. Fattorini, Cristina Mantoni, Davide Bergamaschi, L. Fortini, F. J. Sánchez, Letizia Di Biase, A. Di Giulio

{"title":"Activity density of carabid beetles along an urbanisation gradient","authors":"S. Fattorini, Cristina Mantoni, Davide Bergamaschi, L. Fortini, F. J. Sánchez, Letizia Di Biase, A. Di Giulio","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.suppl.21.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.suppl.21.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Several works have investigated the impact of urbanisation on carabid activity density using urban-rural gradients. Such works compared activity density recorded from green spaces located in different parts of a city and assigned to categories of increasing urban intensity, which poses two problems: (1) since the gradient is divided into categories, it is impossible to model continuous variations in biotic responses, and (2) sites representative of different urbanisation levels are not true segments of the same ecological continuum. To surpass these problems, we modelled variations in carabid activity density along an urban-rural transect within a single green space extending from the city centre of Rome to rural environments. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps from sites distributed along the entire gradient. We used breakpoint regressions to model how (1) carabid activity density, (2) carabids/beetles ratio, (3) carabids/insects ratio and (3) carabids/arthropods ratio varied along the gradient. As already observed for various organisms in urban environments, we found that activity density of carabids and their contribution to the abundance of beetles, insects and arthropods, peaked in the middle of the gradient. This supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, according to which moderate urbanisation may favour diversity by increasing habitat heterogeneity.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Life history traits of five ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species common in Honshu Island, Japan 日本本州岛常见五种地甲虫(鞘翅目:步甲科)的生活史特征

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.17109/AZH.66.SUPPL.185.2020

Sonomi Shibuya, K. Kiritani, K. Fukuda

{"title":"Life history traits of five ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species common in Honshu Island, Japan","authors":"Sonomi Shibuya, K. Kiritani, K. Fukuda","doi":"10.17109/AZH.66.SUPPL.185.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.66.SUPPL.185.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Ground beetles have been used as bioindicators for monitoring environmental changes. However, to interpret monitoring results, we need further information on their life history traits. We selected Harpalus griseus, H. eous, H. tridens, Synuchus cycloderus and Carabus procerulus, species common in Honshu Island, Japan. We examined their hind wings, flight muscles, gut contents and ovarian eggs to understand their flight activity, feeding traits and reproductive strategies. The three Harpalus species showed wing length / body length ratios (W/B) of 0.88 - 0.99. In H. tridens, the proportion of individuals with flight muscles and caught in aerial traps was lower than in the other two. S. cycloderus was macropterous with a W/B ratio of 0.75, but no individuals were caught in aerial traps, and none possessed flight muscles. C. procerulus was brachypterous. The three Harpalus species fed mainly on seeds and partly on arthropods. S. cycloderus was a generalist predator. Gut contents of C. procerulus consisted of amorphous fluid, suggesting extra-oral digestion. Egg type was categorized by the number and size of ovarian eggs. S. cycloderus had many-small eggs, while the other four had few but large eggs.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":"66 1","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46784425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Two new species of insect phoretic Siculobata (Paraleius) (Acari, Oribatida, Scheloribatidae) from U.S.A. and Trinidad 来自美国和特立尼达的两个昆虫新品种：剑杆绦虫（Paraleius）（Acari，Oribatida，Scheloribatidae）

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.4.329.2020

S. Ermilov, B. OConnor

引用次数: 3

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina 阿根廷蒙特沙漠中爬行动物(蜥蜴和蛇)的寄生线虫

IF 0.8 4区生物学

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Pub Date : 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.17109/azh.66.4.319.2020

Gabriel Natalio Castillo, J. C. Acosta, C. González-Rivas, G. Ramallo

{"title":"Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina","authors":"Gabriel Natalio Castillo, J. C. Acosta, C. González-Rivas, G. Ramallo","doi":"10.17109/azh.66.4.319.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17109/azh.66.4.319.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Nematodes are little known in the Argentine herpetofauna. In order to increase and contribute to the knowledge of parasitism in reptiles, we studied nematodes found in three species of lizards (Aurivela longicauda, Liolaemus darwinii, and Liolaemus riojanus) and one species of snake (Philodryas trilineata) from the Monte desert of center-west Argentina. We registered generalist nematodes common of the herpetofauna that belonged to two taxa: Physaloptera sp. (Physalopteridae) (larvae and adults specimens) and Parapharyngodon riojensis (Pharyngodonidae) (adults specimens). Liolaemus darwinii had low prevalence of nematodes (30%) and a mean intensity of 1.3±0.4 (1-2). The lizard A. longicauda had higher parasitic diversity with medium prevalence (50 and 12.5%) and mean intensities of 1.3±0.4 (1-2) corresponding to adult stages of Physaloptera sp. and Parapharyngodon riojensis. Due to the low number of studied specimens, precise conclusions cannot be drawn for Liolaemus riojanus and P. trilineata. The four reptile species correspond to new host records from Argentina, and the information provided contributes to the knowledge of endoparasitism in reptiles of the Argentine Monte region.","PeriodicalId":55558,"journal":{"name":"Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":"66 1","pages":"319–327-319–327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47990799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1