S. Ashworth, J. Fairclough, M. Monoranu, H. Ghadbeigi, J. Meredith, Y. Takikawa, K. Kerrigan
{"title":"Epifluorescent microscopy of edge-trimmed carbon fibre-reinforced polymers: An alternative to computed tomography scanning","authors":"S. Ashworth, J. Fairclough, M. Monoranu, H. Ghadbeigi, J. Meredith, Y. Takikawa, K. Kerrigan","doi":"10.1177/2633366X20924676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X20924676","url":null,"abstract":"X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) can be used to detect edge-milled carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) defects. Significantly this method is able to show subsurface defects that cannot be captured by traditional methods such as stylus-based or more novel areal methods of surface quality measurement. While useful, this method can be prohibitive due to high equipment cost, scanning time and image resolution. XCT can often produce artefacts which falsely predict damage or obscure damage and depending on machine X-ray power often cannot resolve damage to fibre diameter which is critical when observing milled quality of the surface/subsurface. This study utilises epifluorescent (EF) optical microscopy to provide high-quality optical images as an alternative to XCT to observe through-depth damage of CFRP materials. The method of computing the novel damage criteria is presented, as well as the validation of the method which compares EF to XCT. Subsurface damage of fabric and unidirectional (UD) materials in 0°, 45°, 90° and −45° orientations to the cutting edge is observed to demonstrate typical defects. A novel metric resulting from the EF method provides a total area of damage when compared to a theoretically straight cut across the face of the edge-milled CFRP. The method shows that different subsurface damage exists for different fibre orientations to the cutting edge, highlighting the clear need for through-depth analysis of machined edges. In addition, the method is shown to be a suitable alternative to XCT with scope for further development of industrial aerospace and automotive quality control of machined CFRP parts.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X20924676","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41460156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amresh Kumar, N. Grover, A. Manna, J. Chohan, Ramanuj Kumar, Sunpreet Singh, C. Prakash, C. Pruncu
{"title":"Investigating the influence of WEDM process parameters in machining of hybrid aluminum composites","authors":"Amresh Kumar, N. Grover, A. Manna, J. Chohan, Ramanuj Kumar, Sunpreet Singh, C. Prakash, C. Pruncu","doi":"10.1177/2633366X20963137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X20963137","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an experimental investigation to assess the influence of input process parameters of machinability of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process for machining of triple-reinforced silicon carbide, graphite, and iron oxide hybrid aluminum (Al-6061) metal matrix composites. The composite work specimens, developed using stir casting process, have been processed through WEDM process by adopting a statistically controlled design of experimentation approach. Furthermore, analysis of variance and regression analysis have been performed to understand the influence of the input process parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and spark gap (SG) width. The statistical analysis highlighted the improvements in MRR and SG by 33.72% and −27.28%, respectively, upon adopting the suggested optimized range of input process parameters. Further, the morphology of the machined composite surfaces has also been studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to report the phenomenon of formation of recast layer.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X20963137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of reinforcement and processing on aluminum matrix composites modified by stir casting route","authors":"Fakhir Aziz Rasul Rozhbiany, S. R. Jalal","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19896584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19896584","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the individual and combined effect of reinforcement on aluminum (Al; 6063) alloy is discussed. These Al metal matrix composites with individual and multiple reinforcements are finding increased application in aerospace, automobile industry, underwater machines, and transportation application, due to improved mechanical and tribological properties like strong, stiff, wear, and impact resistance. Al 6063 alloy reinforced with different elements such as two types of ceramic mortar ash (MA) and nanofibrillated composite (NFC), industrial waste met coke ash (MCA), and agro waste straw ash with the constant rate of 5 wt% for each reinforced element. The results show a significant effect on the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Damping characteristic improved by mixing of MA and NFC together and the results shown that the damping characteristics can be good for MCA reinforcement. Logarithmic decrement slowly increased by adding all types of reinforced metal together. NFC has high resistance to wear loss followed by MA and MCA but for mixing all types of reinforcements together resulted in good improvement in wear loss. Microstructure analysis of Al matrix composites is the small grain size and uniform distribution with good particulate matrix interface bonding.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19896584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Z-scheme Mn-CdS/MoS2/TiO2 ternary photocatalysts for high-efficiency sunlight-driven photocatalysis","authors":"Hui Feng, Wen Zhou, Xiangyang Zhang, Songbai Zhang, Bo Liu, Deshuai Zhen","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19895020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19895020","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for dye degradation has received great concerns in wastewater treatment. Here, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and cadmium sulfide–manganese (CdS-Mn) were sequentially assembled onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube by a simple hydrothermal method coupled with successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. A zinc sulfide (ZnS) layer was introduced as a potential barrier for performance improvement; the resultant material exhibits prominent visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity in degrading methyl orange (MO) and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acids, which is 3.16-fold, 2.00-fold, and 1.69-fold or 2.86-fold, 1.56-fold, and 1.47-fold of TiO2, MoS2/TiO2, and CdS-Mn/TiO2 systems, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnS/CdS-Mn/MoS2/TiO2 composite also possesses a high hydrogen production rate of 408.27 mmol/cm2/h out of water under visible light illumination, which is about 30.08 times greater than that of pure TiO2 and 5.18-fold and 2.52-fold of MoS2/TiO2 and CdS-Mn/TiO2, respectively. The enhanced photocatalyst performances are mainly attributed to the synergetic effects of CdS-Mn, MoS2, and TiO2, forming a Z-scheme system in the CdS-Mn/MoS2/TiO2 electrode, which not only accelerates the interfacial charge transfer efficiency but also preserves the strong redox ability of the photogenerated electrons and holes. In addition, the prepared photoelectrode is highly stable and completely recyclable over hydrogen evolution reaction and organic degradation.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19895020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42775572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoqiang Chai, Guoqing Zhu, Shuai Gao, Jinju Zhou, Yunji Gao, Yang Wang
{"title":"On improving flame retardant and smoke suppression efficiency of epoxy resin doped with aluminum tri-hydroxide","authors":"Guoqiang Chai, Guoqing Zhu, Shuai Gao, Jinju Zhou, Yunji Gao, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19894597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19894597","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) was selected as a retardant doped into epoxy resin (EP), and smoke suppression and flame retardancy of ATH/EP were investigated. The results showed that ATH-doped EP has superior performance resisting the flame development and smoke release to EP. Peak heat release rate of EP doped with 15-wt% ATH decreased by 28.49% in comparison with EP; total smoke release of it decreased by 17.65%; production rate of carbon monoxide decreased by 30.24%. The activation energy of it was much smaller than EP due to the decomposition of ATH, but it was 30–40 kJ mol−1 higher than EP in the second stage. Based on analysis of the residual carbon, it was confirmed that ATH can attract lots of heat to produce aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films and H2O at high temperature. H2O decreases the production of flammable gas to inhibit combustion, and Al2O3 films adhered to the residue carbon can insulate air to reduce combustion and smoke release.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19894597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation on tribological properties of UHMWPE with the addition of basalt fiber","authors":"Yi Han, Jihong Chen","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19894596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19894596","url":null,"abstract":"To seek the effective and feasible way to enhance the tribological properties of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) materials, a comparative investigation on the tribological behavior of basalt fiber (BF) as filler in UHMWPE composites was carried out. BF/UHMWPE composites were investigated through friction and wear tests to evaluate its frictional and lubricate properties. The results showed that the friction coefficient of the UHMWPE composite decreased significantly under water sliding condition; under water and dry friction conditions, the friction coefficient decreases with the increase in load and rises as the rotational speed growing. When the BF/UHMWPE composites were tested under water-lubricated conditions, the material folding and pieces of debris were reduced obviously and the variation of wear depth was consistent with the results of friction coefficient. To evaluate the tribological properties of UHMWPE under various conditions, the research results make useful reference for UHMWPE manufacture and other relative experiments.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19894596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Derradji, D. Trache, A. Henniche, Abdeljalil Zegaoui, A. Medjahed, A. F. Tarchoun, Raouf Belgacemi
{"title":"On the preparation and properties investigations of highly performant MXene (Ti3C2(OH)2) nanosheets-reinforced phthalonitrile nanocomposites","authors":"M. Derradji, D. Trache, A. Henniche, Abdeljalil Zegaoui, A. Medjahed, A. F. Tarchoun, Raouf Belgacemi","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19890621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19890621","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into consideration the latest advances in both ceramic and polymer fields, a new generation of high-performance polymer composites based on the state-of-the-art MXene (Ti3C2(OH)2) ceramics and one of the leading high-performance thermosets, namely the phthalonitrile resins, is presented. The synergistic combination between the two phases led to nanocomposites exhibiting an outstanding thermal stability with starting decomposition temperatures not less than 484°C for 3 wt% of nanoloading. The tensile properties were as high as those obtained with fiber-reinforced polymer composites. For instance, the tensile strength reached its highest value of 276 MPa for the maximum loading of 3 wt%. The morphological studies carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopies corroborated the improvements of the thermal and mechanical properties. Undoubtfully, such materials expected to be used in extreme conditions can be seen as the next generation of ceramics-reinforced polymer composites.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19890621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the flexural behavior of CFRP box girders","authors":"Guoping Ding, Yixuan Zhang, Yong Zhu","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19891171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19891171","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) box girders include good bending resistance, lightweight and high strength. Therefore, they are widely used in aerospace, rail transit, and other fields. When the CFRP box girder is subjected to bending load, the strength of the initial damage is usually used as the ultimate load. However, after the initial damage of the CFRP box girder, the load will be redistributed and structure still have a higher ultimate load. As the damage accumulates, it eventually leads to complete failure of the structure, which is a progressive damage. It turns out that the composite structure still has bending capacity after the initial damage, but the mechanical response at this stage has not been fully studied. To make full use of the ultimate bearing capacity of the CFRP box girder, this article adopts the theory of progressive damage of a composite material and programs the ABAQUS/Explicit user material subroutine (VUMAT) to analyze CFRP box girder progressive damage. This article also produces CFRP box girder specimens with five typical ply schemes and implements three-point bending tests to verify the bending strength of the CFRP box girder. In addition, this article designs strain measurement and ultrasonic scanning experiments to verify the difference between experiment and simulation. The final result shows that the progressive damage model established in this article is reliable, among the five typical ply schemes, when the 0° ply ratio is 60% and the ±45° ply ratio is 40%, the CFRP box girder has the greatest ultimate load carrying capacity.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19891171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hao, Baolin Mu, Yunfeng Gao, P. Bai, Yuming Tian, Guomin Li
{"title":"Toughening effect of mullite whisker within low-density ceramic proppants","authors":"J. Hao, Baolin Mu, Yunfeng Gao, P. Bai, Yuming Tian, Guomin Li","doi":"10.1177/2633366X19890625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633366X19890625","url":null,"abstract":"Main crystal phases of low-density ceramic proppants prepared by bauxite and feldspar are granular corundum and whisker-shaped mullite. Mullite whiskers are interlocked with one another and piled up inside the pores. High aspect ratio of mullite whiskers inside the pores can greatly enhance the fracture toughness. The dominant toughening mechanism for the proppants is attributed to crack bifurcation and deflection and pulling out and bridging effect of mullite whiskers.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2633366X19890625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44462360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchi Kang, M. Liu, Xiangping Hu, S. Kao-Walter, Baodi Zhang
{"title":"Theoretical and numerical investigation into brush seal hysteresis without pressure differential","authors":"Yuchi Kang, M. Liu, Xiangping Hu, S. Kao-Walter, Baodi Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0963693519885386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0963693519885386","url":null,"abstract":"Brush seal is a novel type contact seal, and it is well-known due to its excellent performance. However, there are many intrinsic drawbacks, such as hysteresis, which need to be solved. This article focused on modeling hysteresis in both numerical way and analytic way without pressure differential. The numerical simulation was solved by the finite element method. General contact method was used to model the inter-bristle contact, bristle–rotor contact, and bristle–backplate contact. Bristle deformation caused by both vertical and axial tip force was used to validate the numerical model together with reaction force. An analytic model in respect of the strain energy was created. The influence of structure parameters on the hysteresis ratio, with the emphasis on the derivation of hysteresis ratio formula for brush seals, was also presented. Both numerical model and analytic model presented that cant angle is the most influential factor. The aim of the article is to provide a useful theoretical and numerical method to analyze and predict the hysteresis. This work contributes the basis for future hysteresis investigation with pressure differential.","PeriodicalId":55551,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Composites Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0963693519885386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48035087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}