African Zoology最新文献_第5页

Mountain Refugia Limit Anthropogenic Suppression in a Re-Established Felid Population: The Case of the Magaliesberg Leopard Population in South Africa 在重新建立的猫科动物种群中，山区避难所限制了人为抑制:以南非Magaliesberg豹种群为例

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411

R. J. Power, Matthew S. Rogan, V. Naude

{"title":"Mountain Refugia Limit Anthropogenic Suppression in a Re-Established Felid Population: The Case of the Magaliesberg Leopard Population in South Africa","authors":"R. J. Power, Matthew S. Rogan, V. Naude","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411","url":null,"abstract":"Although highly adaptable, leopards incur substantial mortality in human-modified landscapes and generally subsist at lower densities than in protected areas. Leopard populations are difficult to enumerate across any landscapes, though there have been strides to improve upon this, particularly in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the population density of leopards in the Magaliesberg mountain range of the North West province in 2015 and provided a longitudinal comparison of these camera-trapping sites. It appraises the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving the status quo of zero leopards found during a prior survey in 2011. Such interventions included a moratorium on sport hunting of the species, and the reintroduction of four individuals, two of each sex, into this area. Camera trapping over 10 months detected seven unique individuals, including one juvenile and six adults, consisting of four males and three females, half of which were previously reintroduced or progeny thereof. A Bayesian capture-recapture abundance model indicated a population of 5–7 individuals occurring within 1 480 km2 of available habitat, yielding a density estimate of 0.34–0.47 adult leopards per 100 km2, which is a relatively low estimate, likely due to population suppression from anthropogenic pressures surrounding the site (i.e., snaring). This study demonstrates that large carnivore populations can recolonise their former range via targeted interventions within topographical refugia.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic Diversity of the Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis) at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚塞米恩山国家公园和瓜萨社区保护区Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis)的遗传多样性

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078

Abebayehu Dessalegn, M. Balakrishnan, T. Töpfer, L. Podsiadlowski, Tilaye Wube

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of the Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis) at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia","authors":"Abebayehu Dessalegn, M. Balakrishnan, T. Töpfer, L. Podsiadlowski, Tilaye Wube","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity of the Ethiopian endemic Ankober Serin Crithagra ankoberensis was studied in two populations at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area using five microsatellite markers. Blood samples were taken from 16 and 14 birds, respectively. Three molecular markers resulted in relatively low, though noticeable differences between the two populations. The analysis also showed the presence of shared alleles, indicating current gene flow between the two populations. Two markers from Simien Mountains National Park and two markers from Guassa Community Conservation Area revealed obvious deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We interpret these deviations in both populations as limited population size and restricted gene flow. The genetic differentiation between the two populations thus could be explained by their geographical separation (more than 360 km), reinforced by barriers, such as steep mountains, deep valleys and extensive plains (isolation by distance). On the other hand, a stepping-stone mechanism between geographically intermediate populations across small distances might explain the observed gene flow. Further studies are needed to better reconstruct the biogeographic history and conservation needs of the Ankober Serin populations in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ectoparasites Infecting the Heads and Gills of Commercially Valuable Marine Fishes in South Africa 感染南非有商业价值的海鱼头部和鳃的外寄生虫

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1984988

Mark J Weston, Irfan Nunkoo, C. Reed, C. D. van der Lingen

引用次数: 1

A Review of Marine Invertebrates Used as Fishing Baits and the Implications for National and Regional Management in the Western Indian Ocean 西印度洋用作鱼饵的海洋无脊椎动物及其对国家和地区管理的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370

C. Simon, Agnes WN Muthumbi, C. Kihia, Kyle Smith, R. Cedras, P. Mahatante, V. Wangondu, Robert E. Katikiro

{"title":"A Review of Marine Invertebrates Used as Fishing Baits and the Implications for National and Regional Management in the Western Indian Ocean","authors":"C. Simon, Agnes WN Muthumbi, C. Kihia, Kyle Smith, R. Cedras, P. Mahatante, V. Wangondu, Robert E. Katikiro","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), more than 76 records from peer-reviewed and grey literature identified approximately 60 invertebrate taxa harvested for bait and food. The most diverse phyla were Mollusca, followed by Arthropoda and Annelida, with few records of Porifera, Nemertea and Echinodermata. Importance of each phylum differs according to country, with arthropods (Upogebia africana and Kraussillichirus kraussi), and annelids (Marphysa mossambica) being most important in South Africa and Kenya, respectively. Of the taxa utilised, only 42 are reliably identified to species level, suggesting that the diversity of species utilised in the region is greatly underestimated. Most of the data on biology and exploitation were for species from South Africa. Less data were available from Kenya with minimal to none being available from the remaining WIO countries. This limits the understanding of biology and trends in exploitation of most bait taxa, and consequently information required for developing national and regional management policies. Bait management guidelines are available only for South Africa, but require updating in view of changes in use of bait resources. We recommend the development of coordinated multidisciplinary, multicountry research aimed at increasing data and information to feed into policy development and support national and regional bait resource management.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59918577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Distributional Data and Genetic Variation of Panaspis breviceps (Squamata: Scincidae) Indicate a Biogeographic Connection across the Congo Basin 新资料和遗传变异揭示了跨越刚果盆地的生物地理联系

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2007418

A. Lokasola, Cédric Botshuna Lotana, Guy Crispin Gembu Tungaluna, B. D. Akaibe, M. Jirků, V. Gvoždík

{"title":"New Distributional Data and Genetic Variation of Panaspis breviceps (Squamata: Scincidae) Indicate a Biogeographic Connection across the Congo Basin","authors":"A. Lokasola, Cédric Botshuna Lotana, Guy Crispin Gembu Tungaluna, B. D. Akaibe, M. Jirků, V. Gvoždík","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2007418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2007418","url":null,"abstract":"In the central Congolian lowland forests we discovered for the first time Panaspis breviceps, a rarely found scincid lizard from the Central African riparian forests. Given that the Central African forests exhibit heterogeneity in the distribution of environmental characteristics and forms distinct ecoregions, the question arises as to how this newly discovered population compares with other populations in Central Africa and particularly in the Congolian lowland forests. We reviewed the distribution records of this species and examined and compared new and available genetic data (mitochondrial DNA). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two evolutionary lineages differing by 2.0% in 16S rRNA. One lineage occurs in and around the southern Cameroon Highlands, but its distribution southwards is poorly documented. The other lineage includes the western, central and eastern populations of the Congo Basin, suggesting certain biogeographic connectivity across the Congolian forests. These results support the hypothesis of limited biogeographic barriers to the distribution of lizards in the Congolian lowland forests, but this remains to be tested using additional independent markers, denser sampling and multiple species.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44152094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population parameters, exploitation rate and diet of black-chinned Tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, 1852 (Pisces: Cichlidae), from Badagry Creek, Lagos, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯Badagry Creek黑下巴罗非鱼Sarotherodon melanotheron r<s:1> pell, 1852(双鱼座:奇鱼科)种群参数、捕捞率和饵料

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2006779

P. E. Ndimele, F. G. Owodeinde, E. Clarke, Olufemi Olusegun Whenu, Olufemi Olabode Joseph

{"title":"Population parameters, exploitation rate and diet of black-chinned Tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell, 1852 (Pisces: Cichlidae), from Badagry Creek, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"P. E. Ndimele, F. G. Owodeinde, E. Clarke, Olufemi Olusegun Whenu, Olufemi Olabode Joseph","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2006779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2006779","url":null,"abstract":"The black-chinned tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) is a member of the cichlid family, which can be cultured to complement the output from a predominantly catfish aquaculture industry in Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, it is important to study the bio-ecology of the fish to ascertain the exploitation status and the potential for culture. Fish were collected monthly from February to November 2018 from three sampling sites (Topo, Akarakumo and Ajido) in Badagry Creek, Lagos, Nigeria using gears like cast net, gill nets and traps. The samples were analysed for length-weight relationship, population parameters and feeding preference. The population dynamics of the stock was assessed by the Von Bertalanffy growth model (VBGM) using Electronic Length Frequency Analysis. The parameters of VBGM; asymptomatic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 20.46 cm and 0.62 year−1, respectively. The growth performance index (Ǿ) was 2.41 and the potential longevity (tmax) was 4.84 years. The total, natural and fishing mortalities were 1.06, 0.68 and 0.38 year−1, respectively. The exploitation rate was estimated as 0.36. The length at first maturity (L50) was 13.79 cm and the length at first capture (Lc) was 12.27 cm. E0.1, E0.5 and Emax are 0.60, 0.38 and 0.70, respectively. The dominant food items in the gut of the fish belong to the algae phylum, Chlorophyta. The study showed that S. melanotheron from Badagry Creek are planktivores and the exploitation rate of the fish is currently close to optimum and should be sustained at this level to prevent overexploitation.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48748203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Reproduction, Sexual Dimorphism and Predation in Mochlus sundevallii in Southern Africa (Reptilia: Sauria, Scincidae) 非洲南部黑头蛇的繁殖、两性异形和捕食(爬行纲:蜥蜴亚，蛇尾亚科)

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1976077

Joaquín Verdú Ricoy, P. Mashinini, J. Goedhals, N. Heideman

引用次数: 0

Magnitude, Patterns and Composition of Wildlife Roadkill in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania 坦桑尼亚北部塞伦盖蒂生态系统中被道路杀死的野生动物的数量、模式和组成

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1952896

R. Lyamuya, K. M. Hariohay, E. Masenga, J. Bukombe, Grayson Mwakalebe, Maulid L. Mdaki, Ally K. Nkwabi, R. Fyumagwa, E. Røskaft

{"title":"Magnitude, Patterns and Composition of Wildlife Roadkill in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania","authors":"R. Lyamuya, K. M. Hariohay, E. Masenga, J. Bukombe, Grayson Mwakalebe, Maulid L. Mdaki, Ally K. Nkwabi, R. Fyumagwa, E. Røskaft","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.1952896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.1952896","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, traffic associated with roads that pass through protected areas are the cause of many negative impacts on wildlife, such as wildlife roadkill, which has occurred within the Serengeti ecosystem. A 200 km stretch of gravel road networks that passes through the Serengeti ecosystem was surveyed in 2015 for five consecutive days during each study period during the wet and dry seasons, between March and August 2015, to document the magnitude, patterns and composition of wildlife roadkill. We found a total of 51 wildlife roadkills that consisted of 26 species of wild animals and included 18 bird and 8 mammal species. Bird species (60.8%) were more frequently killed than mammal species (39.2%). Moreover, a higher incidence of wildlife roadkill was recorded in the morning (56.9%) than in the afternoon (43.1%) and more mammals (51.7%) than birds (48.3%) were recorded in the morning. Greater numbers of wildlife roadkill were recorded along road segments with good road conditions (69.4%) that were wider (>8 m) and with higher traffic volumes than along roads with poor conditions (30.6%). Overall, the Cape hare (Lepus capensis) was the most frequently killed species (17.6%) among the mammals, whereas the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris) (13.7%) was most frequently killed among the avifauna. To reduce the number of roadkill incidents, we recommend changing driver speeding behaviours by installing wildlife-warning signage that consists of picture-based signs, because they have been proved to be more effective than word-based signs to reduce speeds and hence, reduce collisions. Additionally, the responsible management authorities should provide education to drivers on safe driving and enforcement of laws and regulations. Further, policy briefings that focus on wildlife roadkill should be made available to assist decision-makers and engineers to improve road design in protected areas.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48029571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Hot and Bothered: Alterations in Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentrations of the Sungazer Lizard, Smaug giganteus, in Response to an Increase in Environmental Temperature 炎热和棘手：环境温度升高时，巨型史矛革蜥蜴粪便糖皮质激素代谢产物浓度的变化

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1980103

J. Scheun, R. Campbell, A. Ganswindt, T. McIntyre

{"title":"Hot and Bothered: Alterations in Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentrations of the Sungazer Lizard, Smaug giganteus, in Response to an Increase in Environmental Temperature","authors":"J. Scheun, R. Campbell, A. Ganswindt, T. McIntyre","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.1980103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.1980103","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the commonly held belief that reptiles are immune to extreme temperatures, global warming is predicted to result in the loss of 40% of all reptile species by 2080. In order to understand the effects of elevated temperature on African reptile physiology and health, additional research is required. We studied the physiological stress response of sungazer lizards (Smaug giganteus) facing elevated temperatures within captivity. Control animals (1M, 2F) were kept at 30 °C throughout the 13-week study period. Test animals (1M, 2F) were exposed to 30 °C for four weeks (stage 1), 39 °C for six weeks (stage 2) and 30 °C for three weeks (stage 3). Faecal samples were collected from both control and test animals to monitor faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations as a proxy of physiological stress. Although the fGCM levels of control females remained constant, test females showed an acute fGCM increase following the increase and subsequent decrease of temperatures. The test male had significantly higher fGCM levels during stage 3, compared with stage 1 and 2. The control male, although displaying constant fGCM levels throughout the study, had higher fGCM levels than the test male. The results indicate that a considerable temporal increase in environmental temperature did not lead to chronically elevated adrenocortical activity in sungazer lizards. It is likely that inherent traits within the species allow the species to adapt to such changes. Furthermore, the endangered status of the species and limited availability of study animals restricted the sample size in this study to a few, captive-based lizards. Therefore, although our results are an important addition to reptile conservation, they should be extrapolated to free-ranging populations with caution. Future research should consider the effects of chronically elevated temperature in relation to water and food shortages, as well as interindividual variation in physiological responses.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43408814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic Variation between and within Two Populations of Bat-Eared Foxes (Otocyon megalotis Desmarest, 1822) in South Africa 南非两个蝙蝠耳狐(Otocyon megalotis Desmarest, 1822)种群间和种群内的遗传变异

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1942204

Maria Granell-Ruiz, K. Norén, D. Kalthoff, A. le Roux, F. Dalerum

{"title":"Genetic Variation between and within Two Populations of Bat-Eared Foxes (Otocyon megalotis Desmarest, 1822) in South Africa","authors":"Maria Granell-Ruiz, K. Norén, D. Kalthoff, A. le Roux, F. Dalerum","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.1942204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.1942204","url":null,"abstract":"Information on genetic variation within and among populations is relevant for a broad range of topics in biology. We use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers to evaluate genetic variation within and between two populations of bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis Desmarest, 1822) in South Africa. The bat-eared fox is a small canid occurring in southern and eastern Africa. The species is currently not threatened with extinction, but a lack of information on genetic diversity has been identified as a deficit for its future conservation. We observed low to moderate genetic differentiation between the two geographically separated populations, but neither mitochondrial nor nuclear microsatellite markers suggested that there have been dispersal barriers between them. Similar genetic diversity within both populations was contrasted by interpopulational differences in relatedness variation among males and females. A high genetic relatedness within both populations, indicated by mitochondrial data, is likely caused by a common historical origin or a combination of species-specific social organization and environmental dispersal constraints. We call for further research on the genetic divergence of bat-eared fox populations as well as on the genetic consequences of interactions between environmental characteristics and social organization in this species.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15627020.2021.1942204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46749271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0