African Zoology最新文献_第4页

Comparative Avifaunal Richness and Diversity in Invasive Acacia dealbata Patches and Adjacent Montane Grasslands 入侵金合欢斑块和邻近山地草地的鸟类丰富度和多样性比较

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2047104

Jessica Seath, C. Shackleton

{"title":"Comparative Avifaunal Richness and Diversity in Invasive Acacia dealbata Patches and Adjacent Montane Grasslands","authors":"Jessica Seath, C. Shackleton","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2022.2047104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2022.2047104","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive alien species are regarded as the second greatest threat to biodiversity globally. Yet, at a local scale their effects may vary, underlying the requirement for more local-scale studies across taxa and settings. Here we consider the effects of an alien invasive tree (Acacia dealbata, 5–8 m tall) on avifaunal numbers, richness and diversity in A. dealbata patches of three sizes relative to adjacent montane grasslands. Analysis of historical aerial photographs showed that A. dealbata first occurred in the area in the late 1930s/early 1940s and has continued to spread, despite some efforts by the landowner to keep it in check. It now covers approximately 11% of the site. This has provided habitat for a number of bird species more characteristic of wooded vegetation types. The number, richness and diversity of birds were greater in A. dealbata patches than the adjacent grasslands of equivalent size. These measures increased with increasing patch size, but more rapidly for A. dealbata patches than grassland ones. Only six of the 48 species of birds recorded were common between the two vegetation types. The most common feeding guild in the A. dealbata patches was insectivores, whereas in the grasslands it was omnivores. Although the invasion of A. dealbata has added to the habitat diversity of the area, thereby facilitating increased avifaunal diversity, if it continues to spread, then the populations and perhaps richness of grassland birds are likely to be negatively affected.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"57 1","pages":"12 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49023643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Changes in Social Dominance in a Group of Subadult White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) after Dehorning 一群亚成年白犀牛去角后社会优势地位的变化

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2046155

S. Penny, M. Withey, Rachel L. White, D. Scott, Lynne M. MacTavish, A. Pernetta

{"title":"Changes in Social Dominance in a Group of Subadult White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) after Dehorning","authors":"S. Penny, M. Withey, Rachel L. White, D. Scott, Lynne M. MacTavish, A. Pernetta","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2022.2046155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2022.2046155","url":null,"abstract":"In many social species physical attributes correlate with dominance rankings and influence the outcomes of dyadic interactions. We investigated the processes that affect white rhinoceros' social behaviour in response to a reduction in horn size asymmetries within a group of subadult individuals. We monitored agonistic social interactions and the orderliness of social rankings between six free ranging rhinoceroses before and after they underwent a second dehorning procedure. We used a modified version of Landau's h′ to measure linearity, a score of steepness to measure power asymmetry, and a measure of triangle transitivity to assess relationships in the presence of null dyads. Agonistic social interactions were significantly greater after the monitored dehorning procedure. Hierarchies possessed significant steepness and transitivity prior to the procedure, but not after. Linearity was non-significant and rank order did not correspond with changes in horn size or age. Our results provide the first evidence of a dominance hierarchy among free-ranging white rhinoceroses outside of reproductive competition, but indicate that physical attributes alone do not explain social rankings. Rhinoceroses transitioned to a more egalitarian dominance structure than a despotic one after the procedure, but dominance ranks were only weakly differentiated within the group. Although a reduction in horn asymmetries may increase agonistic behaviours via psychosocial or behavioural changes, drier climatic conditions cannot be ruled out as the causative factor and because the subadult group stayed together, rather than dispersing, any increased fitness costs are likely to be minimal and outweighed by the benefits of group membership.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"57 1","pages":"32 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Shifted Models Cannot be Used for Predicting Responses of Biodiversity to Global Change: The African Elephant as an Example 移位模型不能用于预测生物多样性对全球变化的响应:以非洲象为例

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2053883

G. Kerley, Sophie Monsarrat

{"title":"Shifted Models Cannot be Used for Predicting Responses of Biodiversity to Global Change: The African Elephant as an Example","authors":"G. Kerley, Sophie Monsarrat","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2022.2053883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2022.2053883","url":null,"abstract":"Human activities have affected animals’ behaviour, distribution and population structure and this effect is predicted to increase in the future. Considerable effort is therefore being focussed on understanding and predicting such future changes in response to anthropogenic pressures, this to better conserve and restore populations and species. However, there is a risk that scientists and practitioners fail to recognise the extent of past human effects on biodiversity and use the situation they are familiar with as a baseline and a measure against which to assess current or future biodiversity changes. This failure to recognise past changes is known as the shifting baseline syndrome (Pauly 1995). We propose that when models (descriptive, quantitative or conceptual) describing niche features, such as distribution, habitat use, dietary resources or behaviour, are developed using data collected in a system (communities, species or populations) that has already undergone shifted baselines, such models should be referred to as ‘shifted models’. Here we define such shifted models and demonstrate associated shortcomings, focusing on the particular example of shifted environmental niche models in a recently published study on African elephants Loxodonta africana (Dejene et al. 2021).","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"57 1","pages":"70 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Age and Growth of the Cape Knifejaw Oplegnathus conwayi, an Endemic South African Teleost 南非特有Telepost开普Knifejaw Oplegnathus conwayi的年龄和生长

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2035254

R. Foster, A. Childs, B. Mann, W. Potts

引用次数: 1

In Memory of Barry Gordon Lovegrove 纪念巴里·戈登·洛夫格罗夫

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2022.2063424

A. McKechnie, N. Mzilikazi, D. Levesque, S. Welman

引用次数: 0

Beach Profiling and Ghost Crab Densities on a Hawksbill Turtle Nesting Beach in the Seychelles 塞舌尔岛玳瑁筑巢海滩的海滩轮廓和鬼蟹密度

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2000341

J. Gane, C. Downs, Benjamin Harris, Mark Brown

{"title":"Beach Profiling and Ghost Crab Densities on a Hawksbill Turtle Nesting Beach in the Seychelles","authors":"J. Gane, C. Downs, Benjamin Harris, Mark Brown","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2000341","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing beach sediment loss from erosion and high levels of crab Ocypode spp. predation are threatening turtle nests and nesting habitat. The 900 m long beach on Cousine Island, Seychelles, supports a nesting population of approximately 70–130 hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata nests each season. Seasonal and storm-related erosion and accretion cycles on Cousine Island have the potential of destroying 50% or more of all turtle egg clutches on the island in a single nesting season. Observed crab predation rates had reached 90–100% in preferred nesting beach zones in previous years. This has resulted in intensive management measures to minimise turtle egg and nest losses. We investigated the distribution and population density of ghost crabs and the morphology of the beach across the different beach area zones and across the turtle-nesting season during 2014–2015. Crab burrow numbers varied between beach zone areas and across the season and were highest on the backshore. Crab density correlated negatively with available beach area, and we found that crab density increased in the presence of turtle nests. When examining beach dynamics, we found them to be cyclical and found the nesting beach prone to higher levels of erosion than accretion with significant changes in beach width throughout the season. The mean vertical beach elevation drop on Cousine Island was higher than what hawksbill turtles have been reported to prefer. We suggest the continuation of beach elevation monitoring and management to use the beach morphology data to assist with hawksbill turtle nest translocations to minimise nest losses and maximise hatchling recruitment success.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"56 1","pages":"264 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41749011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mountain Refugia Limit Anthropogenic Suppression in a Re-Established Felid Population: The Case of the Magaliesberg Leopard Population in South Africa 在重新建立的猫科动物种群中，山区避难所限制了人为抑制:以南非Magaliesberg豹种群为例

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411

R. J. Power, Matthew S. Rogan, V. Naude

{"title":"Mountain Refugia Limit Anthropogenic Suppression in a Re-Established Felid Population: The Case of the Magaliesberg Leopard Population in South Africa","authors":"R. J. Power, Matthew S. Rogan, V. Naude","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2011411","url":null,"abstract":"Although highly adaptable, leopards incur substantial mortality in human-modified landscapes and generally subsist at lower densities than in protected areas. Leopard populations are difficult to enumerate across any landscapes, though there have been strides to improve upon this, particularly in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the population density of leopards in the Magaliesberg mountain range of the North West province in 2015 and provided a longitudinal comparison of these camera-trapping sites. It appraises the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving the status quo of zero leopards found during a prior survey in 2011. Such interventions included a moratorium on sport hunting of the species, and the reintroduction of four individuals, two of each sex, into this area. Camera trapping over 10 months detected seven unique individuals, including one juvenile and six adults, consisting of four males and three females, half of which were previously reintroduced or progeny thereof. A Bayesian capture-recapture abundance model indicated a population of 5–7 individuals occurring within 1 480 km2 of available habitat, yielding a density estimate of 0.34–0.47 adult leopards per 100 km2, which is a relatively low estimate, likely due to population suppression from anthropogenic pressures surrounding the site (i.e., snaring). This study demonstrates that large carnivore populations can recolonise their former range via targeted interventions within topographical refugia.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"56 1","pages":"292 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic Diversity of the Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis) at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚塞米恩山国家公园和瓜萨社区保护区Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis)的遗传多样性

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078

Abebayehu Dessalegn, M. Balakrishnan, T. Töpfer, L. Podsiadlowski, Tilaye Wube

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of the Ankober Serin (Crithagra ankoberensis) at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia","authors":"Abebayehu Dessalegn, M. Balakrishnan, T. Töpfer, L. Podsiadlowski, Tilaye Wube","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2006078","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity of the Ethiopian endemic Ankober Serin Crithagra ankoberensis was studied in two populations at Simien Mountains National Park and Guassa Community Conservation Area using five microsatellite markers. Blood samples were taken from 16 and 14 birds, respectively. Three molecular markers resulted in relatively low, though noticeable differences between the two populations. The analysis also showed the presence of shared alleles, indicating current gene flow between the two populations. Two markers from Simien Mountains National Park and two markers from Guassa Community Conservation Area revealed obvious deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We interpret these deviations in both populations as limited population size and restricted gene flow. The genetic differentiation between the two populations thus could be explained by their geographical separation (more than 360 km), reinforced by barriers, such as steep mountains, deep valleys and extensive plains (isolation by distance). On the other hand, a stepping-stone mechanism between geographically intermediate populations across small distances might explain the observed gene flow. Further studies are needed to better reconstruct the biogeographic history and conservation needs of the Ankober Serin populations in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"56 1","pages":"273 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ectoparasites Infecting the Heads and Gills of Commercially Valuable Marine Fishes in South Africa 感染南非有商业价值的海鱼头部和鳃的外寄生虫

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.1984988

Mark J Weston, Irfan Nunkoo, C. Reed, C. D. van der Lingen

引用次数: 1

A Review of Marine Invertebrates Used as Fishing Baits and the Implications for National and Regional Management in the Western Indian Ocean 西印度洋用作鱼饵的海洋无脊椎动物及其对国家和地区管理的影响

IF 1.1 4区生物学

African Zoology Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370

C. Simon, Agnes WN Muthumbi, C. Kihia, Kyle Smith, R. Cedras, P. Mahatante, V. Wangondu, Robert E. Katikiro

{"title":"A Review of Marine Invertebrates Used as Fishing Baits and the Implications for National and Regional Management in the Western Indian Ocean","authors":"C. Simon, Agnes WN Muthumbi, C. Kihia, Kyle Smith, R. Cedras, P. Mahatante, V. Wangondu, Robert E. Katikiro","doi":"10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2021.2001370","url":null,"abstract":"In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), more than 76 records from peer-reviewed and grey literature identified approximately 60 invertebrate taxa harvested for bait and food. The most diverse phyla were Mollusca, followed by Arthropoda and Annelida, with few records of Porifera, Nemertea and Echinodermata. Importance of each phylum differs according to country, with arthropods (Upogebia africana and Kraussillichirus kraussi), and annelids (Marphysa mossambica) being most important in South Africa and Kenya, respectively. Of the taxa utilised, only 42 are reliably identified to species level, suggesting that the diversity of species utilised in the region is greatly underestimated. Most of the data on biology and exploitation were for species from South Africa. Less data were available from Kenya with minimal to none being available from the remaining WIO countries. This limits the understanding of biology and trends in exploitation of most bait taxa, and consequently information required for developing national and regional management policies. Bait management guidelines are available only for South Africa, but require updating in view of changes in use of bait resources. We recommend the development of coordinated multidisciplinary, multicountry research aimed at increasing data and information to feed into policy development and support national and regional bait resource management.","PeriodicalId":55548,"journal":{"name":"African Zoology","volume":"56 1","pages":"237 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59918577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0