American Journal of Roentgenology最新文献

{"title":"Improved Metastasis Detection in Real-World Evaluation of Lung Nodule Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Mark M Hammer","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33361","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Cancer Reporting Lexicon: A Collaboration by the SAR Uterine and Ovarian Cancer DFP, ESUR Female Pelvic Imaging Working Group, and Asian Society of Abdominal Radiology.","authors":"Lauren A Roller, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Stephanie Nougaret, Elizabeth Sadowski, Nadeem R Abu-Rustum, Helen C Addley, Benedetta Gui, Aki Kido, Yulia Lakhman, Susanna I Lee, Sara Lele, Gigin Lin, Ekta Maheshwari, Lucia Manganaro, Michael Muto, Krupa Patel-Lippmann, Gaiane M Rauch, Andrea Rockall, Luca Russo, Shaun A Wahab, Atul B Shinagare","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33087","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer treatment involves multidisciplinary care teams composed of gynecologic surgeons, gynecologic oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists. The 2018 update of the FIGO cervical cancer staging system incorporated imaging as a source of staging information, reflecting the critical role of imaging in evaluating patients with cervical cancer before and after therapy. However, the lack of standardized terminology has led to challenges in the updated system's application, including ambiguity in management decisions. This collaborative project between the Society of Abdominal Radiology Uterine and Ovarian Cancer Disease-Focused Panel, the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Female Pelvic Imaging Working Group, and the Asian Society of Abdominal Radiology aimed to develop a list of standardized consensus-based terms and definitions for reporting imaging findings in the initial staging, follow-up, and treatment planning of cervical cancer, as well as a report template leveraging the lexicon terms. The lexicon and report template were developed by 20 committee members (17 radiologists, two gynecologic oncologic surgeons, and one radiation oncologist), representing 19 institutions from North America, Europe, and Asia. These tools are intended to improve consistency in the reporting of cervical cancer imaging, to enhance communication among care teams and optimize patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Career Academic-Career Pivots, an <i>AJR</i> Podcast Series (Episode 1).","authors":"Siddhant Dogra, Greg Zaharchuk","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33566","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Day I Stopped Seeing Just Images.","authors":"Hassan Tariq","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33086","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Utility of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Interpretation for Detection of Lung Metastasis on CT in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Sowon Jang, Junghoon Kim, Jeong Sub Lee, Younbeom Jeong, Ju Gang Nam, Jihang Kim, Kyung Won Lee","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33063","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>BACKGROUND</b>. Studies of artificial intelligence (AI) for lung nodule detection on CT have primarily been conducted in investigational settings and/or focused on lung cancer screening. <b>OBJECTIVE</b>. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AI assistance on radiologists' diagnostic performance for detecting lung metastases on chest CT in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in real-world clinical practice and to assess the clinical utility of AI assistance in this setting. <b>METHODS</b>. This retrospective study included patients with CRC who underwent chest CT as surveillance for lung metastasis from May 2020 to December 2020 (conventional interpretation) or May 2022 to December 2022 (AI-assisted interpretation). Between the two periods, the institution implemented a commercial AI lung nodule detection system. During the second period, radiologists interpreted examinations concurrently with AI-generated reports, using clinical judgment regarding whether to report AI-detected nodules. The reference standard for metastasis incorporated pathologic and clinical follow-up criteria. Diagnostic performance (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) and clinical utility (i.e., diagnostic yield, false-referral rate, management changes after positive reports) were compared between groups based on clinical radiology reports. Net benefit was estimated using a decision curve analysis equation. Stand-alone AI interpretation was evaluated. <b>RESULTS</b>. The conventional interpretation group included 647 patients (mean age, 64 ± 11 [SD] years; 394 men, 253 women; metastasis prevalence, 4.3%); the AI-assisted interpretation group included 663 patients (mean age, 63 ± 12 years; 381 men, 282 women; metastasis prevalence, 4.4%). The AI-assisted interpretation group compared with the conventional interpretation group showed higher sensitivity (72.4% vs 32.1%, respectively; <i>p</i> = .008), accuracy (98.5% vs 96.0%, <i>p</i> = .005), and frequency of management changes (55.2% vs 25.0%, <i>p</i> = .02), without significant difference in specificity (99.7% vs 98.9%, <i>p</i> = .11), diagnostic yield (3.2% vs 1.4%, <i>p</i> = .30), or false-referral rate (0.3% vs 1.1%, <i>p</i> = .10). AI-assisted interpretation had positive estimated net benefit across outcome ratios. Stand-alone AI correctly detected metastasis in 24 of 29 patients but had 381 false-positive detections in 634 patients without metastasis; only one AI false-positive was reported as positive by interpretating radiologists. <b>CONCLUSION</b>. AI assistance yielded increased sensitivity, accuracy, and frequency of management changes, without significantly changed specificity. False-positive AI results minimally impacted radiologists' interpretations. <b>CLINICAL IMPACT</b>. The findings support the clinical utility of AI assistance for CRC metastasis surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533063"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the <i>AJR</i>: Muddying the Waters in an Attempt for Clarity.","authors":"Leigh Casadaban, Premal Trivedi","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.32838","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.32838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2532838"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Functional MRI: Current State, Controversies, Limitations, and Future Directions-<i>AJR</i> Expert Panel Narrative Review.","authors":"Behroze A Vachha, Vinodh A Kumar, Jay J Pillai, Joshua S Shimony, Jody Tanabe, Haris I Sair","doi":"10.2214/AJR.24.32163","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.24.32163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), a promising method for interrogating different brain functional networks from a single MRI acquisition, is increasingly used in clinical presurgical and other pretherapeutic brain mapping. However, challenges in standardization of acquisition, preprocessing, and analysis methods across centers and variability in results interpretation complicate its clinical use. Additionally, inherent problems regarding reliability of language lateralization, interpatient variability of cognitive network representation, dynamic aspects of intranetwork and internetwork connectivity, and effects of neurovascular uncoupling on network detection still must be overcome. Although deep learning solutions and further methodologic standardization will help address these issues, rs-fMRI remains generally considered an adjunct to task-based fMRI (tb-fMRI) for clinical presurgical mapping. Nonetheless, in many clinical instances, rs-fMRI may offer valuable additional information that supplements tb-fMRI, especially if tb-fMRI is inadequate due to patient performance or other limitations. Future growth in clinical applications of rs-fMRI is anticipated as challenges are increasingly addressed. This <i>AJR</i> Expert Panel Narrative Review summarizes the current state and emerging clinical utility of rs-fMRI, focusing on its role in presurgical mapping. Ongoing controversies and limitations in clinical applicability are presented and future directions are discussed, including the developing role of rs-fMRI in neuromodulation treatment of various neurologic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2432163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Excellence: An Opportunity, and Call to Action, for Radiologists.","authors":"Gowthaman Gunabushanam, Daniella Asch, Jay K Pahade","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.32753","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.32753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In late 2024, the CDC released a statement on diagnostic excellence in health care. Diagnostic excellence encompasses process improvements in radiology, pathology, and laboratory medicine, addressing ordering, interpretation, communication, and follow-up of diagnostic test results. This Viewpoint describes how radiologists have both an opportunity and a call to action to play a leading role in achieving the diagnostic excellence mission, including through stewardship of test appropriateness, artificial intelligence and other informatics initiatives, and novel integrated diagnostics models.</p>","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2532753"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gadopiclenol for Pediatric Brain MRI: Efficacy at Half the Dose of Conventional Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.","authors":"Gayathri Sreedher","doi":"10.2214/AJR.25.33498","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.25.33498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2533498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI in Prostate Cancer Screening: A Review and Recommendations, From the <i>AJR</i> Special Series on Screening.","authors":"Ivo G Schoots, Masoom A Haider, Shonit Punwani, Anwar R Padhani","doi":"10.2214/AJR.24.32588","DOIUrl":"10.2214/AJR.24.32588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional PSA-based screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is challenged by an unfavorable benefit-to-harm ratio from underdiagnosis of clinically significant cancers, overdiagnosis of indolent cancers, and unnecessary biopsies, despite demonstrated reductions in PCa-associated mortality. Inclusion of MRI in screening algorithms helps address these limitations by improving risk stratification of men suspected of having PCa and by enabling targeted biopsies. The impact of MRI-based strategies on screening's benefit-to-harm ratio can be objectively assessed using ratios reflecting clinically significant cancers detected, indolent cancers detected, unproductive biopsies, and avoided biopsies. Of two overarching MRI-based screening strategies (sequential MRI after PSA testing and MRI alone), the sequential strategy is favored as a balanced and scalable approach. This Special Series Review provides a detailed analysis of the role of MRI in PCa screening, targeted to radiologists. Recommendations are provided for optimizing the use of MRI in PCa screening, including individualized risk assessments, tailored protocols, quality assurance for ensuring reliable and reproducible results, and consideration of new screening-specific scoring systems and biopsy thresholds. Ultimately, successful integration of MRI in PCa screening will require radiologists to actively engage in refining protocols, standardizing interpretations, and adopting emerging technologies. Such efforts will help maximize benefits while minimizing harms, enabling wider acceptance of PCa screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":55529,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","volume":" ","pages":"e2432588"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}