Annual Review of Information Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"About the Associate Editor","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/aris.2009.1440430107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2009.1440430107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2009.1440430107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137857290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gatekeeping: A critical review","authors":"Karine Barzilai-Nahon","doi":"10.1002/aris.2009.1440430117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2009.1440430117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2009.1440430117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information commons","authors":"Nancy Kranich, Jorge Reina Schement","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420119","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the history and theory of information commons along with the various conceptual approaches used to describe and understand them. It also discusses governance, financing, and participation in these commons. Today’s digital technologies offer unprecedented possibilities for human creativity, global communication, innovation, and access to information. Yet these same technologies also provide new opportunities to control—or enclose—intellectual products, thereby threatening to erode political Information Commons 2 discourse, scientific inquiry, free speech, and the creativity needed for a healthy democracy. Advocates for an open information society face an uphill battle to influence outcomes in the policy arena; yet they are developing information commons that advance innovation, stimulate creativity, and promote the sharing of information resources. Designers of these new information resources can learn from those who have studied other commons like forests and fisheries. Multidisciplinary research needs to go beyond rejecting enclosure to assessing whether alternatives are viable. This requires applying a framework for analysis to determine whether information commons are sustainable as a fundamental information structure for the 21 century. In this chapter, we conceptualize a phenomenon, a social construction that has become known as the information commons. In a sense, it poses a paradox because while the digital technologies at its core offer vast opportunities for creativity and communication, these same technologies provide opportunities to erode political discourse, scientific inquiry, and free speech; to bar access to intellectual products; to enclose democracy. Our focus is the employment of these technologies for the purpose of organizing information in order for it to be shared by a community of producers or consumers. Generalists and specialists use the term information commons loosely, as both metaphor and actual fact, singular and plural, a usage pattern to which we conform. We frame this chapter around the problem of the information commons as an idea with attributes of community, governance, rights, access, openness, patterns of participation, efficiency, equity, distribution, infrastructure, and conflict management. It is our contention that information commons promise a fresh paradigm for advancing innovation, stimulating creativity, and promoting resource sharing. Not only do they offer Information Commons 3 a response to the challenges posed by enclosure, but they also offer an opportunity to build a fundamental institution for a 21stcentury democracy. COMMONS IN THEORY Americans jointly own, share, and administer a wide range of common assets, including natural resources, public lands, schools, libraries, and scientific knowledge. Yet, supporters often encounter hostility when seeking public funding to sustain these essential resources, especially at a time when the marketplace dominates political prioritie","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"546-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90135612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chapter Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"xv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137487114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity theory and information seeking","authors":"T. D. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420111","url":null,"abstract":"One needs a fairly broad definition of “information science” in order to consider applications of activity theory in the field, and, fortunately, as evidenced by the range of topics ARIST has covered over the years, the editors have encouraged a wide definition. As we shall see, to restrict the definition in any way would result in a very short chapter indeed. Consequently, this review ranges widely, from aspects of psychology (where the theory was first formulated) through education, to information systems and human–computer interaction, digital library development, and information-seeking behavior. The paucity of contributions in what might be labeled “library and information science” is curious. It is common in this broad field to identify “activities” of numerous kinds in academic and practitioner writing. Reference service, information seeking, cataloging, children’s services, and online searching are all described as “activities” and yet “activity theory” has made very little impact. Why would activity theory be needed in library and information science? At present, research in this area is conducted within separate silos, sometimes defined by problem areas such as information retrieval (IR) and information-seeking behavior, sometimes defined by institutional type, such as research libraries, college and university libraries, school libraries, and so on. There is no overarching paradigm for research in these areas and the divisions are perpetuated in different sets of journals related to the different fields. The consequence is that researchers in one area may not understand the problem areas defined by another, may have no awareness of differences in research methodologies, and may have no common language within which to exchange ideas and results. Activity theory could provide that overarching paradigm. The aim of this chapter, therefore, is to review the development of the concept and its application in related fields and to suggest how those applications might find their way into library and information science. CHAPTER 4","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"119-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115571018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive information retrieval","authors":"Ian Ruthven","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420109","url":null,"abstract":"Information retrieval is a fundamental component of human information behavior. The ability to extract useful information from large electronic resources not only is one of the main activities of individuals online but is an essential skill for most professional groups and a means of achieving competitive advantage. Our electronic information world is becoming increasingly complex with more sources of information, types of information, and ways to access information than ever before. Anyone who searches for information is required to make more decisions about searching and expected to engage with an increased number and variety of search systems. Even a standard desktop personal computer comes equipped with numerous search tools (desktop search, e-mail search, browsers to help search the Internet, embedded search tools for specific file formats such as PDF [portable document format] or Word, and specific document types such as help manuals). A standard day, if one is electronically enabled, may involve many searches across different search systems accessing different electronic resources for different purposes. The Internet, in particular, has revolutionized the ability to search, especially in the commercial arena where we have the choice of using different search systems to search essentially the same electronic resources but with different interactive functionalities. The search decisions a human is required to make before encountering any information involve not only how to search this resource using this system but also how to choose a system or resource to search in the first place. These decisions are complicated because skills learned using one type of system do not always transfer simply to searching a different type of system (Cool, Park, Belkin, Koenemann, & Ng, 1996). Neither does information literacy in one domain of expertise necessarily help when searching on unfamiliar topics. The variability of data available, and the explicit or implicit structures of the data, also place a burden on both the searchers and system designers. How does searching within a Weblog, for example, differ from searching within technical manuals; or does all searching involve the same activities and require the same user support? As research shows CHAPTER 2","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"43-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114218729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of genre in information studies","authors":"Jack Andersen","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420115","url":null,"abstract":"Humans and human societies have always organized and transmitted knowledge, meaning, and human experience by means of particular modes of communication. Oral cultures and societies preserve their knowledge using songs, stories, genealogies, poetry, hymns, and so on. Literate cultures preserve their knowledge using, among other things, lists, e-mail, recipes, newspapers, novels, maps, journals, books, diaries, textbooks, letters, and Weblogs. Such forms of communication are an inherent part of the organization of any culture because they structure and sustain society’s institutionalized means and modes of communication. The concept that covers this variety of forms of communication and human activity can be termed genre. Most people would probably instinctively associate genre with literary forms, such as the novel, the poem, or the drama, and there is nothing wrong with this. However, we also recognize that there are a number of communication forms pertaining to nonfictional prose and used in a variety of human activities. Genres of nonfictional prose cover the relationship between forms of communication, human activity and social organization, and how activities are typified by means of genre. Genre is thus broader than literary works. It follows that in order to understand genre we will have to look at more than mere text types. This chapter deals with genres of nonfictional prose. Although research in library and information studies (LIS) is not limited to nonfictional prose and its use in various professional or everyday life contexts, many classical LIS studies of, for instance, information use, are indeed studies of the use of nonfictional prose, in particular, scholarly literature. However, these studies seldom address textual form. The purpose of this chapter is to critically review, discuss, and analyze the concept of genre within LIS. This results in the following chapter structure. First, a discussion of the LIS context and its relation to genre is provided. Emphasis is on the significance of genre for LIS, why CHAPTER 8","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"339-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90138252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge management","authors":"Bill Martin","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"369-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80264365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Editor","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"xxiii-xxiv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137487117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education for information science","authors":"Elizabeth M. Mezick, Michael E. D. Koenig","doi":"10.1002/aris.2008.1440420120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55509,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Information Science and Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"593-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/aris.2008.1440420120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90135613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}